INTRODUCTION All waste generated at health care facilities in the past was regarded as hazardous and needed to be incinerated first before it was disposed. The purpose of this study was to investigate health care waste (HCW) management practices employed in public health clinics in the iLembe District, with a view of developing a HCW management intervention strategy. METHODOLOGY The study design was observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. Data was collected using a structured individual questionnaire, which was administered to key informants from 31 rural and urban government fixed public clinics in the iLembe District Municipality. RESULT Thirty public clinics in iLembe district participated in the study. A total of 210 kg/day (0.06 kg/patient/day) of HCW was estimated to be generated in public clinics, 69% was health care general waste (HCGW) and 31 % was health care risk waste (HCRW). The district's generation rate was 0.04 kg/patient/day and 0.018 kg/patient/day, for HCGW and HCRW, respectively. The study found that HCW was improperly managed in the district. DISCUSSION The findings are different when compared to World Health Organisation norms and this was attributed to improper segregation of waste categories other than sharp waste, which was given special treatment. Factors such as the number of patients, size of the clinic, types of health care services rendered, and socio-economics status of the patient played a pivotal role in the waste volume generated. It is evident that no proper HCW management plan was being implemented in the district public clinics. CONCLUSION The management of health care risk waste is of great concern. There is a need for development of a health care waste management intervention strategy that must be implemented consistently and universally in the district. RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended that a proper health care waste management intervention strategy be developed and implemented in the whole district. This strategy must incorporate training programmes and a waste management plan. / Thesis (MPH)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Forest Products. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JosePadilhaCN.pdf: 4847719 bytes, checksum: c4db747b22e2f133441d68a0be1b282f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-06 / This present Thesis, is explorer work and presents an analysis of e-wastes of the industry of cellular mobile telephony, evaluating the evolution of the telecommunications nets and as if it holds the global and Brazilian market of cellular telephony. It approaches the elements gifts in the cellular devices that can badly cause to the environment and the health, the discarding of the devices in end of life cycle is made. It analyzes the new European regulation of electric equipment residues and electronic, the WEEE, as it influenced the strategy of the companies manufacturers of mobile phone cellular and of that she forms is possible to create a Brazilian national industry for recycling of devices of cellular, with conditions to globally competition. For this some possible models of being implanted in Brazil are presented. The project of law 203/91 on solid residues is argued and as it would be interesting if to persist some proposals presented to the project, to create a Brazilian market of recycling with capacity of global competition for use to advantage of the European regulation if to get a competitive advantage / O presente trabalho explorat?rio apresenta uma an?lise de e-res?duos da ind?stria de telefonia celular avaliando a evolu??o das redes de telecomunica??es e como se comporta o mercado global e brasileiro de telefonia celular. Aborda os elementos presentes nos aparelhos celulares que podem causar mal ao meio ambiente e a sa?de, como ? feito o descarte dos aparelhos em fim de ciclo de vida. Analisa a nova norma europ?ia de res?duos de equipamentos el?tricos e eletr?nicos, a WEEE, como ela influenciou a estrat?gia das empresas fabricantes de celulares e de que forma ? poss?vel criar uma ind?stria nacional para reciclagem de aparelhos de celulares, com condi??es de competir globalmente. Para isto s?o apresentados alguns modelos poss?veis de ser implantado no Brasil. ? discutido o projeto de lei 203/91 (Brasil, 2006) sobre res?duos s?lidos e como seria interessante manter algumas propostas apresentadas ao projeto, para se criar um mercado de reciclagem brasileiro com capacidade de competi??o global, para se aproveitar da norma Europ?ia de forma a se obter uma vantagem competitiva

The environmental impacts related to inadequate management of solid wastes have been widely discussed by society. Healthcare wastes (HCW) is part of this equation thus deserves special attention. The qualitative and quantitative characterization of this waste is fundamental to the development and implementation of a Waste Management Plan of Health Services (WMPHS), identifying the percentage of special and common wastes. This study aimed to characterize the waste generated in the University Hospital Hélvio Auto and propose measures to prevent, minimize, reuse and recycle in order to avoid environmental and human contamination. The method adopte for waste characterization was based on the guidelines of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO, 1997) and Souza (2005). The period of characterization was from May/2009 to May/2010, for better assessment of seasonal variation. The results indicated that most of the waste generated in the study area is the common type (85.3%) and recycling potential. The infectious waste, sharps and chemicals accounted for 5.5, 7.0 and 2.2% respectively of total waste generated in the hospital. Such a waste, if mishandled, can compromise all mass of waste, preventing the reuse and recycling. The average production of RSS was 0,5 kg / patient.day. Data from qualitative and quantitative characterization of the waste subsides the elaboration of WMPHS in the study area, required by law, the RDC N° 306/2004 ANVISA (National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance), Ministry of Health. As a waste measurement of maximization of reusable wastes, is proposed a proper segregation, at the very source of the material, in order to enable the reuse and recycling. For the effective management of waste, at the hospital, or at any other institution providing health services, it is necessary to stimulate a permanent awareness programs, from the button to top of its hierarchical levels. / Os impactos ambientais relacionados ao manejo inadequado dos resíduos sólidos são amplamente discutidos pela sociedade. Os resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS) se inserem nesta problemática e merecem atenção especial. A caracterização quali-quantitativa desses resíduos é fundamental para a elaboração e implantação de um Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (PGRSS), com a identificação da porcentagem de resíduos especiais e comuns. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os resíduos gerados no Hospital Escola Hélvio Auto (HEHA) e propor medidas para prevenção, minimização, reutilização e reciclagem, visando evitar a contaminação ambiental e humana. O método adotado para caracterização dos resíduos foi baseado nas orientações da Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde (OPAS, 1997) e Souza (2005). O período de caracterização compreendeu os meses de maio/2009 a maio/2010, para melhor avaliação da variação sazonal. Os resultados indicaram que a maior parte dos resíduos gerados na área de estudo é do tipo comum (85,3%) e com potencial de reciclagem. Os resíduos infectantes, perfurocortantes e químicos responderam por 5,5, 7,0 e 2,2%, respectivamente, do total de resíduos gerados no HEHA. Estes, se mal manejados, podem comprometer toda a massa de resíduos, inviabilizando a reutilização e reciclagem. A produção média de RSS foi de 0,5 Kg/paciente.dia Os dados de caracterização quali-quantitativa dos resíduos subsidiaram a elaboração do PGRSS na área de estudo, exigido pela legislação vigente, a RDC Nº 306/2004 ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária) do Ministério da Saúde. Como medida de maximização de resíduos reaproveitáveis, sugere-se a adequada segregação de material na fonte de geração para viabilizar a reutilização e reciclagem. Para a gestão eficaz de resíduos, no HEHA, ou em qualquer outra instituição prestadora de serviço de saúde, deve-se estimular ações permanentes de sensibilização, em todos os seus níveis hierárquicos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Orientador: Jorge Hamada / Banca: Rosane Aparecida Gomes Battistelle / Banca: Valdir Schalch / Resumo: Este trabalho aborda como tema principal a situação da geração, segregação e disposição final dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde na região do Coder (Conselho de Desenvolvimento Econômico Regional) que tem como sede o município Bauru. O objetivo foi levantar dados, avaliar a situação atual da questão dos RSS e propor soluções para uma melhor gestão deste tipo específico de lixo urbano. Ao cumprir tais objetivos, as considerações expostas pelo autor levam a um retrato da situação atual dos resíduos de serviços de saúde na região, trazendo também um panorama do tema no Brasil e no Estado de São Paulo, expondo as fragilidades das leis que contemplam mais os grandes geradores e a baixa qualificação da mão de obra, o que diminui o processo de segregação e, no destino final, problemas ambientais. / Abstract: The theme of this work is about generation, segregation and final disposal of Health Services Residues (RSS) in the region of CODER (Regional Economic Developing Council), which is based in Bauru. The aims of this research are to improve the management of this specific type of urban waste. In order to accomplish such objectives, considerations made by the author of this dissertation show a portrait of the actual situation of the RSS in the region researched and a panorama of the theme in Brazil and in São Paulo state. It possible to observe in this work the weaknesses of the laws that serve mostly big generators of waste and the low qualified work force, which diminishes the quality of segregation process and environment problems during the final disposal of the waste. / Mestre