El objetivo del presente proyecto es demostrar la viabilidad de la empresa de servicio móvil de mantenimiento y reparación de bicicletas, denominada TOTAL BYKE. Para ello, se realiza una investigación de mercado, cuyos resultados evidencian que, existe una demanda insatisfecha por servicios de mantenimiento, reparación y adquisición de accesorios de bicicletas, ya que, los ciclistas deben recorrer largos tramos para ubicar un taller que brinde este tipo de servicios, los cuales, generalmente no brindan un buen trato al cliente, servicio de calidad ni cuentan con garantía. Asimismo, se ejecuta un diagnóstico con referencia al plan de marketing, operaciones, recursos humanos y financieros, mediante la aplicación de metodologías cualitativa y cuantitativa. Se realizaron entrevistas virtuales a usuarios acordes al grupo objetivo, para conocer su experiencia respecto al uso de bicicletas y los servicios relacionados que tienen a su alcance, tales como mantenimiento, reparación y compras de accesorios. Los resultados obtenidos suponen que existen diversos servicios dedicados al mantenimiento de bicicletas, los mismos que difieren grandemente con el valor agregado que el presente proyecto propone, un servicio técnico móvil itinerante, cuya naturaleza le permite estar cerca del segmento objetivo al que se dirige a través de los siguientes distritos, Jesús María, San Isidro, Miraflores, San Borja y Surco. El proyecto generaría un retorno de 61% como mínimo para los inversionistas, con un periodo de recuperación de 2 años y una rentabilidad del proyecto de 1.19 veces la inversión inicial. Por ello, consideramos que TOTAL BYKE es una idea de negocio viable. / The objective of this project is to demonstrate the viability of the mobile bicycle maintenance and repair service company, called TOTAL BYKE. To do this, a market research is carried out, the results of which show that there is an unsatisfied demand for maintenance, repair and purchase of bicycle accessories, since cyclists must travel long stretches to locate a workshop that provides this type of services, which generally do not provide good customer service, quality service or have a guarantee. Likewise, a diagnosis is carried out with reference to the marketing plan, operations, human and financial resources, through the application of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Virtual interviews were conducted with users according to the target group, to learn about their experience regarding the use of bicycles and the related services available to them, such as maintenance, repair and purchases of accessories. The results obtained assume that there are various services dedicated to the maintenance of bicycles, the same that differ greatly with the added value that this project proposes, a mobile mobile technical service, whose nature allows it to be close to the target segment to which it is directed through from the following districts, Jesús María, San Isidro, Miraflores, San Borja and Surco. The project would generate a return of at least 61% for investors, with a payback period of 2 years and a project profitability of 1.19 times the initial investment. Therefore, we consider TOTAL BYKE to be a viable business idea. / Trabajo de investigación

El proyecto que lleva el nombre de GoBiky demuestra la viabilidad mediante el desarrollo de una aplicación que tiene como función brindar la mejor ruta disponible para transitar con su bicicleta y forma que se ahorre tiempo y le brinde seguridad, para clientes de ambos sexos pertenecientes a los NSE A, B y C. Además, a causa de la pandemia COVID-19 muchas personas decidieron apartarse de los medios tradicionales de transporte (taxi o microbús) para empezar a usar sus bicicletas o comprar una para usarlas ya que es un método muy efectivo para no interactuar con otras personas. Para la realización del proyecto se hizo un análisis del mercado que ayudaron a conocer los componentes que conforman parte de la estructura del mercado para el proyecto con el motivo de determinar su viabilidad de GoBiky como aplicación. Parte de estos demuestras las necesidades que el cliente tiene, sus intenciones de compra y la forma en cómo llegar a ellos con estrategias de marketing. / The project that bears the name of GoBiky demonstrates the viability through the development of an application whose function is to provide the best available route to travel with your bicycle and a way that saves time and provides security, for clients of both sexes belonging to the NSE A, B and C. In addition, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many people decided to move away from traditional means of transportation (taxi or minibus) to start using their bicycles or to buy one to use them since it is a very effective method not to interact with other people. To carry out the project, a market analysis which helped to know the components that make up part of the market structure for the project in order to determine the viability of GoBiky as an application. Part of these shows the nonsense that the customer has, their purchase intentions and the way to reach them with marketing strategies. / Trabajo de investigación

Internet of Things, or the infrastructure of the information age society, is an expanding area of research. It is the idea that physical things that we have today, can be turned into devices by being connected to a network. The purpose of these devices is through more sensors and actuators, allow smarter and more robust infrastructure to be built, as well as improving consumer devices interoperability. This thesis will investigate the current state of the art application layer communication protocols that have been developed with resource constrained mobile devices in mind. It will look specifically at high latency mid-range wireless cellular communication by investigating how the protocols affect energy consumption for an embedded Internet of Things device. This is done with the constraint that these findings needs to be applicable to the fifth generation of cellular networks, as well as extensions to current generation standards. The application layer communication protocols Constrained Applications Protocol(CoAP), Message Queue Telemetry Transport(MQTT) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP) used on multiple modem modules, are investigated in a quantitative approach in deductive survey experiments, testing a variety of what is concluded to be typical sensor and actuator scenarios. The goal with the survey, is to ultimately select the protocol that shows to be the most suitable for a project to build a prototype platform for embedded mobile devices in the shape of publicly shared bikes in a city. This prototype is described and its architecture and design decisions are presented and argued for. The survey discovers that CoAP is the most suitable protocol for the purpose of the thesis, and proceeds to show how it is applied to the described platform.

Research question: To examine what aspects affect some consumers to avoid e-bikes and others to desire them. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to see if e-bikes have a symbolic value. We aim to see if e-bikes is associated as an environmentally friendly product. We will examine stereotypes and brand avoidance. Further we will see what attributes consumers associate with typical users of e-bikes. Theory: To test our research question we chose our main theory of the matching process between self-image and typical user. Prior studies on e-bikes in areas as typical users and environment were analyzed. Previous studies on e-bikes were analyzed in areas such as environment and typical users. Methodology: A survey was made on two groups who are underrepresented in sales of ebikes. Students aged 21-30 and cycling enthusiasts. Results and conclusions: • We found that e-bikes have symbolic value. • Many respondents perceive e-bike users as environmentally friendly, comfortable and lazy. • E-bikes being perceived as environmentally friendly can be a pre-purchase indicator for students, but not for cycling enthusiasts • Different groups of students have conflicting user imagery, one group describe e-bikers as lazy, and another group describe e-bike users as healthy • The stereotype that e-bike users are old is not very frequent • Viewing e-bike users as lazy influences impacts the perceived value and are likely to lead to brand avoidance

The thesis focuses on a project of a mountain hotel. Hotel is located in the area Jeseník, altitude of 550 m. It is detached hotel with a rectangular ground plan with one underground floor and four above ground floors. In the basement is the engine room ventilation, bikes room and in the second part of the underground is wellness center. On the first floor is a restaurant. In the other floors are hotel rooms for 1 to 3 person. On the fourth floor are two apartments. The hotel is based on the monolithic footings.In the basement the vertical supporting are from concrete. Other vertical supporting are built from bricks Porotherm 30, which is insulated and ventilated facade with laggin 150 mm. Supporting horizontal structures are made of monolithic reinforced concrete. The building is covered with a double skin roof structure made of wooden trusses.

La problématique de cette thèse réside dans la caractérisation et le maintien de la stabilité des Véhicules Légers Tout Terrain (VLTT). Elle se concentre plus particulièrement sur le développement de systèmes de sécurité actifs capables à la fois de prévenir le conducteur des risques encourus mais aussi de les limiter afin d'assurer l'évolution du véhicule dans une zone de stabilité prédéfinie. Comme le cadre expérimental privilégié est l'application à la stabilité des quadricycles légers à moteurs, plus connus sous le terme anglophone "quad", une des contraintes du projet a été de se limiter à un système sensoriel bas-coût afin d'être en mesure d'industrialiser un tel système. En premier lieu, les métriques de stabilité (Transfert de Charge Latéral et Longitudinal : TCLa et TCLo) ont été choisies grâce à une étude préliminaire sur la stabilité des VLTT. Par la suite, une modélisation 2D en roulis et en tangage avec la prise en compte des déplacements du pilote sur le véhicule sont présentées, ce qui permet d'estimer respectivement le TCLa et le TCLo uniquement à partir de la mesure de l'accélération latérale et longitudinale. Étant donné que pour la suite des travaux, l'anticipation du risque de renversement latéral est nécessaire, un modèle 2D en lacet du véhicule est proposé afin d'obtenir un modèle analytique décrivant la dynamique latérale du véhicule. La suite du mémoire présente les différentes techniques d'observation proposées pour l'estimation des variables et paramètres non-directement mesurables du modèle en lacet du véhicule et qui influencent sa stabilité latérale : les glissements, les conditions d'adhérence et les inclinaisons du véhicule. Plusieurs observateurs ont été proposés, dont le dernier permet de considérer des conditions d'adhérence différentes entre les essieux avant et arrière en utilisant plus largement les accélérations mesurées. Cela permet d'intégrer les passages de sous- à sur-vireur qu'il est essentiel de considérer quand on étudie la stabilité de ce type de véhicule. Ainsi, l'estimation des glissements est toujours pertinente, ce qui permet d'obtenir par la suite une meilleure prédiction de la métrique de stabilité latérale (TCLa) quel que soit le comportement du véhicule. Puis en s'appuyant sur les estimations des observateurs couplées aux modèles dynamiques du véhicule et sur l'extrapolation des commandes du conducteur sur un horizon de prédiction, il est possible de prédire les évolutions du TCLa. Cette valeur prédite ainsi que les estimations en ligne des métriques de stabilité constituent alors le point d'entrée pour la synthétisation d'un système de sécurité actif dédié aux VLTT. Celui-ci est basé sur la génération d'un retour d'effort au niveau de la gâchette des gaz permettant soit d'informer le pilote du risque encouru par la création d'une sensation de dureté, soit d'imposer le retour complet de la gâchette des gaz, ce qui implique une diminution de la vitesse et donc la réduction du risque. Finalement, dans le cas où il est possible de maîtriser la vitesse du véhicule par l'installation d'un système de rétroaction sur les freins (Quad haut de gamme ou robot mobile), les derniers travaux présentés s'intéressent aux techniques de commande prédictive à modèle afin de calculer en temps-réel la vitesse maximale admissible, qui assure l'évolution du critère de stabilité choisi dans un domaine de stabilité. Les modèles, les observateurs, la prédiction du TCLa et les 2 systèmes de prévention présentés dans ce mémoire ont été validés et testés au travers de simulations avancées et d'essais expérimentaux réalisés sur un quad agricole et un robot autonome. Il apparaît alors qu'en plus d'être efficace pour la prévention des risques de renversement à hautes dynamiques, le système de sécurité est industriellement viable. Cela a été rendu possible grâce à une conception reposant uniquement sur des actionneurs et un système sensoriel, dont les coûts sont en adéquation avec le prix d'un VLTT. / This dissertation addresses the topic of lateral dynamic stability of light All-Terrain Vehicles (ATV) in a o-road environment. In particular, the developments are focused on the design of active security system allowing both to prevent the driver of the rollover risk and to ensure the vehicle stability within a safety margin. As the experimental framework is focused on light ATV (e.g. quad bikes), the main limitation of the project has been to keep a low cost sensing equipment in order to keep a possible industrialization. First, the stability metrics (Lateral and Longitudinal Load Transfer : LaLT and LoLT) have been chosen thanks to a preliminary study on the ATV stability. Then, two 2D models (roll and pitch) are proposed allowing to estimate the LaLT and the LoLT from the only acceleration measures and within the driver displacements on the vehicle. However, as the anticipation of lateral risk is mandatory for the next stage of the work, a 2D yaw model is also proposed in order to obtain an analytic model of the vehicle lateral dynamic. Then, the different observation techniques are presented to estimate the variables and parameters of the yaw model, who are not directly measurable and who inuence the lateral stability : sliding, grip conditions and vehicle slopes. Several observers are proposed, whose the last one permits to estimate separately the grip conditions between the front and rear axle thanks to a particular use of the acceleration measure. It allows to take into account the switch between the under- and over-steering behaviour influencing largely the vehicle stability. Thus, the sliding estimations are always relevant what permits to obtain a better prediction of the lateral stability metric (LaTT) whatever the vehicle behaviour. Then, thanks to the observer estimations combined with the vehicle dynamic models and an extrapolation of the driver inputs on a prediction horizon, the Lateral Load Transfer can be predicted. This latter value as well as the online estimations of the two stability metrics are the input of the active security system, which is based on the generation of a counter-force on the trigger. Thus, this system allows first to inform continuously the driver of the incurred risk thanks to a trigger feel harder to press. Secondly, if the risk is too important, the system is able to force the full return of the trigger, what reduces the vehicle speed and consequently the risk. Finally, a control law based on the Predictive Functional Control (PFC) theory has been designed to ensure the lateral stability of the vehicle. This control law allows to calculate in real time the maximal speed ensuring the evolution of the stability metric into a safety range. Nevertheless, this solution is only available for vehicles where it is possible to regulate their speed thanks to a control system on the brake. The models, the observers, the prediction of the LaLT and the two prevention systems presented in this dissertation have been validated and tested through several advanced simulations, a actual quad bike and autonomous mobile robot. Moreover, the security system appears to be directly integrated to industry, as its design rests upon low cost actuators and sensors compared to the price of actual quad bikes.