La gazéification est un procédé de conversion thermochimique permettant de convertir un combustible solide en gaz de synthèse (syngaz), composé notamment de H2 et CO. L’utilisation de déchets non-dangereux sous forme de CSR doit, en plus de fournir une énergie avec de bons rendements, respecter les normes environnementales. Nos travaux évaluent les performances énergétiques et environnementales de la gazéification à l’air de CSR (bois, pneus, plastiques, boues de STEP) en réacteurs en lit fixe co-courant à l’échelle pilote et industrielle. Les méthodes d’analyse utilisées permettent un suivi de la composition du syngaz, ainsi que des polluants (soufrés, azotés, goudrons, métaux lourds) dans les effluents du procédé, par rapport à une ressource propre (bois brut). Les performances de gazéification du CSR Bois sont identiques au Bois. Cependant un ajout de 20%m de CSR Pneus, Plastique ou Boues de STEP à du CSR Bois conduit à une diminution de H2 et CO compensée par une augmentation d’hydrocarbures légers (CH4, C2), conduisant à un pouvoir calorifique similaire, compris entre 4,9 et 5,4 MJ/Nm3. Les performances de gazéification sont légèrement plus fiables avec les mélanges de CSR, entre 35 et 49% alors qu’elles atteignent 48 à 52% pour le Bois et le CSR Bois. Par rapport au Bois, seuls les composés azotés sont en plus grand nombre pour le CSR Bois. Pour les mélanges de CSR, les teneurs en goudrons, composés soufrés et azotés sont plus élevées. De plus, les teneurs en métaux lourds sont plus élevées dans les fines particules que dans les charbons, demandant probablement un traitement particulier. / Gasification is a thermochemical conversion process converting solid fuel into synthetic gas (syngas), containing H2 and CO. Sorting waste to produce SRF aims to allow a better energy recovery of waste, while satisfying environmental regulations. This study focuses on energetic and environmental performances of the air gasification of SRF (wood, tire, plastics, sewage sludge) using downdraft fixed bed reactors at pilot and industrial scale. Analytical procedures allow quantification of syngas composition as well as pollutant contents (sulfur, nitrogen, tars, heavy metals) in gasification outlet streams, considering raw wood as a reference. SRF Wood gasification performances are identical to Raw Wood. However adding 20%w of SRF Tire, Plastics or Sewage Sludge to SRF Wood leads to a decrease in H2 and CO contents, balanced by an increase in light hydrocarbons (CH4, C2), resulting in a similar syngas calorific value, ranging between 4.9 and 5.4 MJ/Nm3. Gasification performances are slightly lower with SRF mixes, ranging between 35 and 49%, while reaching 48 to 52% for Raw Wood and SRF Wood. Compared to Wood, only nitrogen containing pollutants are in higher concentrations with SRF Wood. In the case of SRF mixes, tars, sulfur and nitrogen containing pollutants are in higher concentrations. Moreover, heavy metals contents are higher in fine particles than in chars, resulting in a particular post-treatment.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-17T15:55:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rebeca Ferreira Lemos Vasconcelos.pdf: 270482 bytes, checksum: 094a646397559de7fef19a7c96db3c1f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T15:55:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rebeca Ferreira Lemos Vasconcelos.pdf: 270482 bytes, checksum: 094a646397559de7fef19a7c96db3c1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Currently there is much debate about the production of biodiesel and ethanol, and new technologies studied for obtaining oil, for example, microalgae, which are one of the most effective systems for conversion of solar energy into organic compounds. These compounds are mostly carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The major difficulty in the production of biofuels through the harvesting of algae is therefore still quite expensive methods such as centrifugation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different flocculants in obtaining the biomass of Chlorella vulgaris (Chordat). The experimental design was completely randomized, with four bioassays, in which the first three comprised four treatments and three repetitions each composed of different treatments molalitys (0.1 M, 0.3 M, 0.5 M and 0.9 M) for flocculating agents sodium hydroxide, ferric chloride and aluminum polychloride. Subsequently fourth bioassay was performed which consisted of three treatments and three replications, where treatments consisted of different flocculating agents (sodium hydroxide, poly aluminum chloride and ferric chloride), in the same molar concentration (0.5 M). For experimentation microalgae of the species C. vulgaris were primed in experimental units, transparent materials with a volume of 2000 mL, reaching the seventh day the exponential phase of their growth curve obtained in previous tests. From the seventh day was started with a flocculation concentration algal average 1085 x 104 cel. mL-1, with a temperature of 22 ± 2 ° C and pH 7.0, constant aeration and light intensity of 2000 lux. Was added in experimental units 1 ml of standard solutions of flocculating agents then microalgae were subjected to moderate stirring continuously for 30 seconds. The pH variation data were interpreted by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test for comparison of means at the level of 5%. Analysis of the data verified that all treatments were different (P <0.05), but the use of sodium hydroxide as the flocculating agent obtained best results, we can conclude that where sodium hydroxide is the most suitable for flocculating agent quickly raise the pH of the culture (11.00 ± 0.37), thus leading to cell clumping and settling in a short time, and greater weight of biomass compared to other treatments. / Atualmente existe muita discussão sobre a produção de Biodiesel e etanol, sendo estudadas novas tecnologias para a obtenção de óleo, como por exemplo, as microalgas, que são um dos mais eficientes sistemas de transformação de energia solar em compostos orgânicos. Esses compostos são em sua maioria carboidratos, proteínas e lipídeos. A grande dificuldade para a produção de biocombustíveis através das algas é a colheita, pois ainda são métodos bastante onerosos, como a centrifugação, floculação, sedimentação, e filtração. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos diferentes floculantes na obtenção da biomassa da Chlorella vulgaris (Chordat). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, composto por quatro bioensaios, nos quais os três primeiros compreendiam quatro tratamentos e três repetições cada, sendo os tratamentos compostos por diferentes molalidades (0,1M, 0,3M, 0,5M e 0,9M) para os agentes floculantes hidróxido de sódio, cloreto férrico e policloreto de alumínio. Posteriormente foi realizado o quarto bioensaio o qual era composto por três tratamentos e três repetições, onde os tratamentos consistiram em diferentes agentes floculantes (hidróxido de sódio, policloreto de alumínio e cloreto férrico), na mesma concentração molar (0,5M). Para a experimentação as microalgas da espécie C. vulgaris foram condicionadas em unidades experimentais, materiais transparentes com volume útil de 2000 mL, atingindo no sétimo dia a fase exponencial de sua curva de crescimento obtida em testes anteriores. A partir do sétimo dia deu-se início a floculação com uma concentração algal média de 1085 x 104 cel. mL-1, com temperatura de 22±2°C e pH 7,0, aeração constante e intensidade luminosa de 2000 lux. Foi adicionado nas unidades experimentais 1 mL de soluções padrão dos agentes floculantes, em seguida as microalgas foram submetidas a agitação moderada constante durante 30 segundos. Os dados da variação de pH foram interpretados por meio da análise de variância (ANOVA) seguido pelo teste Tukey para comparação de médias ao nível de 5%,. Após análise dos dados verificou-se que todos os tratamentos foram diferentes (P<0,05), porém a utilização do hidróxido de sódio como agente floculante obteve melhor resultado, onde podemos concluir que o hidróxido de sódio é o agente floculante mais indicado por elevar mais rapidamente o pH da cultura (11,00±0,37), ocorrendo assim a aglutinação e a decantação das células em um curto espaço de tempo, e maior peso da biomassa em relação aos outros tratamentos.

Submitted by LUTH SILVA RAMOS null (lutherair@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-29T19:49:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luth Ramos 2017 Final.pdf: 2110056 bytes, checksum: 5f14af4841d2cf0a501f307108e2e0b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-03-30T18:14:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ramos_ls_me_guara.pdf: 2110056 bytes, checksum: 5f14af4841d2cf0a501f307108e2e0b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T18:14:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ramos_ls_me_guara.pdf: 2110056 bytes, checksum: 5f14af4841d2cf0a501f307108e2e0b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-26 / A escassez de combustíveis de origem fóssil tem preocupado setores energéticos e industriais. Outra preocupação eminente são as taxas de emissões de poluentes na atmosfera, causado pelo processo de combustão. Estes processos são responsáveis por grande parte de toda energia primária produzida no mundo. Sendo assim, os bicombustíveis tem sido uma alternativa que atende ambas as preocupações. Neste cenário, a atomização também assume uma importante função dentro da combustão de líquidos. O atomizador tem por objetivo desintegrar o combustível líquido em pequenas gotículas, misturando-se com o oxidante na proporção correta e nas condições adequadas, para produzir um processo de combustão eficiente e estável, reduzindo significativamente as formações de fuligens. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo teórico de um atomizador do tipo jato-Y, para atomizar misturas de combustíveis com diferentes proporções de QAV-1 + farnesano, QAV-1 + etanol e farnesano + etanol, analisando experimentalmente as propriedades físico-químicas das misturas de combustíveis e teoricamente as características e a qualidade do spray gerado, fazendo uso da equação de Wigg para calcular o MMD (diâmetro médio de gotas). Através das propriedades físico-químicas das misturas de combustíveis é possível analisar possíveis alternativas de combustíveis que podem apresentar características “drop-in” e substitua parcialmente ou definitivamente o QAV-1 (querosene de aviação) atualmente consumido. Qualitativamente o spray gerado possui o MMD entre 30 e 40 µm, podendo variar de acordo com a temperatura de trabalho. Sendo assim o atomizador torna-se favorável para um processo de combustão eficiente. / The scarcity of fossil fuels has worried the energetic and industrials sectors. Concern also exists about emissions and their impact on the environment, which are a byproduct of the petroleum combustion processes. These processes account for much of the primary energy produced in the world. However, biofuels have been an alternative that meets both concerns. In this scenario, the atomization also assumes an important function in the combustion of liquids. The atomizer has goal to disintegrate the liquid fuel in small droplets to have the mixture of fuel/oxidant in the suitable ratio, to produce an efficient and stable combustion process, significantly reducing the formation of soot. The objective of this work is perform a theoretical study of one nozzle of the type Y-jet, to atomize binary mix of fuels with different ratio of jet-A1 + farnesane, jet-A1 + ethanol and farnesane + ethanol, experimentally analyzing the physicochemical properties of the mixtures of fuels and theoretically the characteristics and quality of the formed spray, using the Wigg’s equation to calculate the MMD (Mass Median Diameter). Through of the physicochemical properties of the mixtures of fuels, it’s possible to analyze possible alternatives of fuel that may have “drop-in” characteristics and partially or definitively to replace the currently consumed jet-A1 fuel. Qualitatively the formed spray has the MMD between 30 e 40 µm, however can be varied according with the temperature of work. Furthermore, the nozzle is favorable to an efficient combustion process.

Orientador: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel / Banca: Márcia Helena Machado de Rocha Fernandes / Banca: Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira / Banca: Leandro das Dores Ferreira da Silva / Banca: Fábio Prudêncio de Campos / Resumo: Objetivou-se nesse estudo avaliar os efeitos da associação da glicerina ao milho e polpa cítrica na dieta de bovinos da raça Nelore confinados sobre o consumo, digestibilidade, parâmetros ruminais (pH, nitrogênio amoniacal, ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, produção de gases e massa microbiana), desempenho em confinamento, características da carcaça e da carne, parâmetros sanguíneos e comportamento ingestivo. Cinco dietas foram fornecidas e denominadas de: CON - sem adição de glicerina; M10 - milho e 10% de glicerina; M15 - milho e 15% de glicerina; P10 - polpa cítrica e 10% de glicerina; P15 - polpa cítrica e 15% de glicerina. No primeiro experimento foram utilizados cinco bovinos providos de cânulas permanentes no rúmen, distribuídos em delineamento experimental quadrado latino (5 x 5). Nos tratamentos com polpa cítrica (P10 e P15) foram verificados menores consumos e digestibilidades da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido do que nos tratamentos com milho (M10 e M15). Para o tratamento controle houve menor produção do ácido butírico mas, maior produção de ácido acético e totais em relação aos tratamentos com glicerina. A relação acetato:propionato também foi maior no tratamento controle seguida dos tratamentos com polpa cítrica. Também foram observadas reduções nas produções das bactérias ruminais nos tratamentos com polpa cítrica, contudo sem afetar o pH e nitrogênio amoniacal ruminais nem a produção dos gases carbônico e metano. No segundo experimento, trinta bovinos foram confinados e distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado no qual houve alterações no consumo de amido e fibra solúvel, contudo, sem afetar o desempenho, características da carcaça, nem o comportamento animal. A inclusão de glicerina provocou redução na intensidade de amarelo na carne e aumento no porcentual dos ácidos graxos ... / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of glycerin to corn grain and citrus pulp in diets for Nelore cattle on intake, digestibility, ruminal parameters (pH, ammonia, short chain fatty acids, gas production and microbial mass), performance, characteristics of carcass and meat, blood parameters and feeding behavior. Five diets were provided and named: CON - without addition of glycerin; M10 - corn grain and 10% glycerin; M15 - corn grain and 15% glycerin; P10 - citrus pulp and 10% glycerin; P15 - citrus pulp and 15% glycerol. In the first experiment were used five cattle fitted with permanent rumen cannulas, distributed in Latin Square design (5 x 5). In treatments with citrus pulp (P10 and P15) were observed lower intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber than in treatments with corn grain (M10 and M15). For the control treatment there was decreased production of butyric acid but greater production of acetic acid and totals compared to treatments with glycerin. The acetate:propionate ratio was also higher in the control treatment followed by treatment with citrus pulp. Were also observed decrease in the production of bacterial microorganisms, but without affecting the pH and ruminal ammonia neither the production of methane or dioxide carbon. In the second experiment, thirty cattle were confined and distributed in a completely randomized design. There were changes in the starch and soluble fiber intake, but, without affecting the performance, carcass characteristics, or animal behavior. The addition of glycerin caused reduction in the intensity of yellow in the meat, and increase in the percentage of fatty acids C15:0 and C17:1. About blood parameters only the triglycerides were influenced by the treatments. The concentrations of glucose and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were higher than suggested by the literature, the high values are probably ... / Doutor

O presente trabalho teve o intuito de desenvolver um novo dispositivo para melhor conhecer a movimentação de combustíveis no meio subterrâneo, fundamental à definição de tecnologias para remediação de áreas contaminadas. Paralelamente, procurou-se verificar a viabilidade da utilização do dispositivo proposto como método simples, rápido e de baixo custo para investigação do fluxo do óleo diesel, da gasolina e do biodiesel no solo. Fabricou-se um microcanal em poli(dimetil)siloxano que reproduziu fielmente as dimensões e geometrias dos poros e canais do solo. Inicialmente, o microcanal foi saturado com ar; em seguida, injetou-se o combustível e sequencialmente, a água de tal forma a simular um derramamento de combustível no solo sucedido por uma precipitação. Cada operação foi gravada em vídeo ou fotografada, o que permitiu a visualização dos fenômenos que ocorriam no interior do canal. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a viabilidade do dispositivo proposto para o estudo da movimentação dos combustíveis no meio subterrâneo. Verificou-se que tanto a gasolina quanto o óleo diesel evaporam, sendo a primeira mais rapidamente do que o segundo. O experimento permitiu calcular a taxa de evaporação de gasolina no solo. O óleo diesel e o biodiesel ficaram retidos nos poros fechados e a eventual água da chuva que escoava pelo mesmo caminho que a fase gasosa (ar e no caso do óleo diesel, vapores) removia parcialmente esses combustíveis. / The present work had the aim of developing a new device for better understanding fuel motion in the underground soil a key issue for the definition of contaminated area remediation technologies. As a side goal one tried to verify the feasibility of using the proposed device as a simple, fast and inexpensive tool for the investigation of underground fuel flow in porous soil by means of laboratory experiments with it. A poly(dimethyl)siloxane microchannel reproducing exactly the dimensions and geometries of soil pores and channels has been fabricated. Initially the microchannel was saturated with air; then firstly fuel was injected and sequentially water in order to mimic soil contamination by fuel leakage followed by a rain fall. Each and every operation was video recorded or photographed what allowed the visualization of the phenomena occurring inside the microchannel. Results showed the viability of the proposed device for studying the transport of fuels in the underground soil. It has been verified that gasoline vaporizes as does diesel oil as well, the former quicker than the last. The experiment allowed calculating the evaporation rate of gasoline in the soil. It has been seen that diesel oil and biodiesel remained trapped in closed pores and the eventual rain water flowed through the gaseous phase way (air and in the case of diesel oil, vapor) partially removing them.

The recent advent of shale gas in the U.S. has redefined the economics of ethylene manufacturing globally, causing a shift towards low-cost U.S. production due to natural gas feedstock, while reinforcing the industry's reliance on fossil fuels. At the same time, the global climate change crisis compels a transition to a low-carbon economy. These two influencing factors are complex, contested, and uncertain. This paper projects the United States' (U.S.) future ethylene supply in the context of two megatrends: the natural gas surge and global climate change. The analysis models the future U.S. supply of ethylene in 2050 based on plausible socio-economic scenarios in response to climate change mitigation and adaptation pathways as well as a range of natural gas feedstock prices. This Vector Error Correction Model explores the relationships between these variables. The results show that ethylene supply increased in nearly all modeled scenarios. A combination of lower population growth, lower consumption, and higher natural gas prices reduced ethylene supply by 2050. In most cases, forecasted CO2 emissions from ethylene production rose. This is the first study to project future ethylene supply to go beyond the price of feedstocks and include socio-economic variables relevant to climate change mitigation and adaptation.

abstract: The molecular modification of semiconductors has applications in energy conversion and storage, including artificial photosynthesis. In nature, the active sites of enzymes are typically earth-abundant metal centers and the protein provides a unique three-dimensional environment for effecting catalytic transformations. Inspired by this biological architecture, a synthetic methodology using surface-grafted polymers with discrete chemical recognition sites for assembling human-engineered catalysts in three-dimensional environments is presented. The use of polymeric coatings to interface cobalt-containing catalysts with semiconductors for solar fuel production is introduced in Chapter 1. The following three chapters demonstrate the versatility of this modular approach to interface cobalt-containing catalysts with semiconductors for solar fuel production. The catalyst-containing coatings are characterized through a suite of spectroscopic techniques, including ellipsometry, grazing angle attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GATR-FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron (XP) spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that the polymeric interface can be varied to control the surface chemistry and photoelectrochemical response of gallium phosphide (GaP) (100) electrodes by using thin-film coatings comprising surface-immobilized pyridyl or imidazole ligands to coordinate cobaloximes, known catalysts for hydrogen evolution. The polymer grafting chemistry and subsequent cobaloxime attachment is applicable to both the (111)A and (111)B crystal face of the gallium phosphide (GaP) semiconductor, providing insights into the surface connectivity of the hard/soft matter interface and demonstrating the applicability of the UV-induced immobilization of vinyl monomers to a range of GaP crystal indices. Finally, thin-film polypyridine surface coatings provide a molecular interface to assemble cobalt porphyrin catalysts for hydrogen evolution onto GaP. In all constructs, photoelectrochemical measurements confirm the hybrid photocathode uses solar energy to power reductive fuel-forming transformations in aqueous solutions without the use of organic acids, sacrificial chemical reductants, or electrochemical forward biasing. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biochemistry 2018

O objetivo principal do presente trabalho é analisar as séries de preços do álcool combustível, do açúcar e da gasolina, no intuito de investigar as relações entre eles. Neste sentido, as séries de preços individuais e os preços relativos foram analisados, utilizando-se testes econométricos para verificar a presença de raiz unitária. Apesar das séries de preços terem apresentando comportamento não estacionário, os preços relativos demonstraram estacionariedade. O valor de convergência do preço relativo do álcool e da gasolina (0,657412) se aproximou bastante da relação entre os preços estabelecida pela diferença na eficiência técnica desses dois combustíveis (0,7). Além disso, o estudo demonstrou que os preços do álcool combustível têm sua oscilação balizada pelos preços da gasolina, no varejo e do açúcar no atacado, determinando com isso uma faixa dentro da qual o preço deste produto oscila. / The main goal of this work is to analyze the price series of ethanol, sugar and gas in order to investigate the relationship between them. In this sense the individual price series and the relative ones where analyzed. For that we used econometric tests to verify the unit root presence. In spite of the individual price series being not stationary, the relative prices show stationarity. Ethanol and gas relative price convergence value (0,657412) got close to the relation between the established relative price by the difference of both fuels technical efficiency (0,7). Besides that the work has demonstrated that ethanol prices have its own range based on gas retail prices and sugar wholesale prices, determining this way a level where this product price ranges.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, August 2015. / Petrol and diesel fumes are known to be anthropogenic sources of air pollutants that have a negative impact on both environmental and human health. In developing countries, attendants are still employed to pump fuel for customers. In South Africa gas pump attendants refuel vehicles with various octane unleaded petrol, lead replacement petrol (LRP) and diesel on a daily basis. Attendants are particularly at risk to adverse health effects associated with inhalation of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Of increasing concern in recent years are the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with particular reference to the six aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and three isomeric xylenes), namely the BTEX.

Orientador: Messias Borges Silva / Coorientadora: Marcela Aparecida Guerreiro Machado / Banca: Eliana Vieira Canettieri / Banca: Roney Arismel Mancebo Boloy / Banca: Fabrício Maciel Gomes / Banca: Patrícia Caroline Molgero da Rós / Resumo: O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com a microalga Chlorella minutissima com o objetivo de determinar as melhores condições operacionais de fotobioreatores tubulares descontínuos, tipo coluna de bolhas, para o crescimento celular e a produção de lipídeos em função das variáveis de processo: fluxo de CO2 na alimentação, concentração inicial de nitrato, concentração inicial de fosfato, suplementação (metais e vitaminas), temperatura e salinidade. Os experimentos foram planejados utilizando a metodologia de Taguchi. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a configuração do fotobioreatores tubulares descontínuos, tipo coluna de bolhas, foi adequada para o cultivo da microalga Chlorella minutíssima, apresentando bons resultados de teor de lipídeos, da ordem de 37,08 ± 1,50 % em relação à biomassa seca ao final de 7 dias de cultivo. Definidas as condições ótimas de cultivo foi realizada uma reação como o óleo obtido, empregando catalisador químico (H2SO4). O resultado obtido demonstrou que o catalisador atuou de forma eficiente, convertendo os ácidos graxos em seus respectivos ésteres de etila. Outro fator importante de ressaltar foi a ausência de pigmentos presente no material lipídico, visto que o óleo extraído apresentou coloração amarelada similar aos óleos vegetais tradicionais, como por exemplo, o óleo de soja. Pigmentos quando presentes no material lipídico podem comprometer a conversão dos triglicerídeos em ésteres alquílicos (biodiesel). Chlorella minutissima apresenta vant... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The current work was developed with the microalgae Chlorella minutissima with the aim of determining the best operational conditions of discontinuous-tubular photobioreactors, bubble-column type, to the cell growth and production of lipids in relation to process variables: CO2 feed flow rate, nitrate initial concentration, phosphate initial concentration, supplements (metals and vitamins), temperature and salinity. The experiments were designed using Taguchi methodology. Results showed that the configuration of discontinuous-tubular photobioreactors, bubble-column type was adequate to the cultivation of microalgae Chlorella minutissima, presenting good results in terms of lipid content, of order of 37.08 ± 1.50% in relation to the dry biomass at the end of the 7 cultivation days. Once optimal cultivation conditions were established, a reaction with obtained oil was carried out using a chemical catalyst (H2SO4). Results showed that the catalyst acted in an efficient way, converting fatty oils in its respective ethyl esters. Another important factor worth noticing was the absence of pigments present in the lipid material, considering that the extracted oil presented a yellow color similar to traditional vegetal oils, such as soy oil. The presence of pigments in the lipid content may compromise the conversion of triglycerides in alkyl esters (biodiesel). Chlorella minutissima presents additional advantage in comparison to diverse lipid raw materials with the presence of pigments... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor