La présente thèse se propose d'étudier la formation de la demande pour les instruments de paiements. Dans un premier essai, nous montrons à l'aide d'un modèle théorique et d'une étude empirique sur données françaises que la tarification des retraits déplacés réduit la demande pour les espèces. Dans un deuxième essai, nous montrons, également à l'aide d'un modèle théorique et d'une étude sur données françaises, que les marchands ajustent leur prix pour rendre les paiements en espèce plus pratiques, au sens où ils mobilisent moins de pièces et billets. Les prix convénients à payer en espèces sont plus fréquent toutes choses égales par ailleurs, et ils sont plus fréquemment payés en espèces. Les troisième et quatrième essais étudient l'impact du crime comme facteur environnemental pour les marchands, plus spécifiquement sur le niveau d'appréciation des espèces et sur l'acceptation de la carte bancaire. Nous montrons que les marchands ont une préférence plus élevée pour les espèces et acceptent moins fréquemment les cartes bancaire de paiement dans un département où la criminalité financière est importante. Les consommateurs possèdent plus souvent une carte bancaire et retirent hebdomadairement des sommes plus élevées aux distributeurs automatiques de billets. Nous mettons en évidence les effets opposés pour un niveau élevé de criminalité violente, aussi bien pour les consommateurs que pour les marchands.% Les effets de la criminalité financière sont interprétés comme résultant de sélection adverse tandis que les effets de la criminalité violente sont interprétés comme des effets de précaution.Enfin, le sixième essai étudie l'influence du risque perçu sur la fréquence de détention et la fréquence d'utilisation des instruments de paiement. Nous appliquons le modèle de Jacoby et Kaplan (1972) au choix de l'instrument de paiement, et nous concluons à partir d'une étude empirique sur données françaises que le risque de manque et le risque de temps ont les effets les plus transversaux sur la demande pour les instruments de paiement. / The present dissertation studies the formation of the demand for the main retail payment instruments (cash, bank card and check). The first chapter presents both a theoretical and empirical analysis using French data. We conclude that charging cash withdrawals at ATMs outside the network of the bank reduces the global demand for cash. The second chapter concludes, with the help of a theoretical model and on the basis of French data, that a seller adjust prices in order to make the buyers pay cash by making cash payment more convenient, in the sense that they limit the number of coins and notes exchanged. All other things being equal, we show that convenient prices are more frequent and more frequently paid cash. The third and fourth chapters study the impact of crime as an environmental factor on the merchant side, more specifically on the preference for cash and card acceptance. We show that in an environment with a high level of financial criminality, merchants have a higher preference for cash and are less likely to accept bank cards. The fifth chapter studies the impact of crime as an environmental factor on the choice of payment instrument by consumers. They are more likely to own a payment card, and the weekly sums withdrawn at ATMs are higher. We find opposite effects for Violent Crime. Eventually, the sixth chapter studies the impact of perceived risk on the holding and and use of payment instruments. We apply the model of Jacoby and Kaplan (1972) to payment instruments, and we conclude on the basis of an empirical investigation that the risk of lack and the time risk have the most cross-cutting effects on the demand for each of the main retail payment instruments.

This thesis argues that Isabel Archer of Henry James’s novel The Portrait of a Lady and Lily Bart of Edith Wharton’s novel The House of Mirth were nineteenth-century characters struggling to assert their social and sexual independence in a male dominated society. Although Isabel inherits a fortune that allegedly enables her to have more autonomy than Lily, both characters are negatively affected by their inability to conceive of their lives outside of social convention.

The Crime of Money Laundering under Section 216 of the Czech Criminal Code Abstract The diploma thesis aims to examine the crime of legalization of proceeds of criminal activities in its narrower sense, i.e. the crime under S. 216 (2) of the Czech Criminal Code. This crime is referred to as "the crime of money laundering" throughout the thesis, as opposed to the crime of possession of stolen goods under S. 2016 (1) of the Czech Criminal Code. The opening chapter reviews the terminology used by Czech law. Then the thesis briefly addresses the phenomenon of money laundering in a broader context; this chapter also provides with statistics of criminal prosecutions for the named crime in the Czech Republic. In a separate chapter, the thesis names some of the most essential international documents adopted in the area of combating money laundering so far. The thesis then describes and evaluates the evolution of the crime of money laundering under Czech criminal law, namely regarding the respective amendments of the law. The following chapter then analyses the most significant elements of the crime of money laundering, and as such, it represents the centrepiece of the thesis. From this analysis, several important and disputed questions arise and are examined further. The thesis emphasizes e.g. the issue of...

This study investigates whether the use of mobile money affects the savings patterns of individuals that are vulnerable to financial exclusion, that is, the low-income earners, low-educated, women and rural habitants. Studying the case of Kenya, this study uses data from the 2016 FinAccess Household Survey (N=8,665) that was designed to track and measure the drivers, growth and impact of mobile money use in Kenya. Logistic model and the 2SLS IV regression are used as the empirical estimation method for testing the statistical significance of the correlation between mobile money usage and the savings behaviors of the individuals. The results show that users of mobile money are 1.96 more likely to have a savings product than those that do not use mobile money, and that the propensity for users of mobile money to save for emergencies and for future events is 1.44 and 1.27 times higher, respectively, as compared to the non-users. These findings suggest that individuals that use mobile money perceive it as a trustworthy, efficient and reliable store of value especially making savings for future use. This analysis also finds statistically significant evidence suggesting that mobile money use significantly increases the propensity to save for individuals in demographic groups that are more susceptible to the unique challenges that lower accessibility to formal financial services. Therefore, by increasing the probability of individuals in the female, low income, low education and rural groups to save, mobile money fosters financial inclusion which is essential in the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals such as reducing poverty, increasing equality and sustained economic growth among others. In general, this study has specific policy implications for using mobile money as a device for increasing financial inclusion among the ‘unbanked’ population.

Esta pesquisa investiga o conceito de moeda para além de sua determinação como dinheiro. Apoiada em conceitos oriundos da filosofia de Gilbert Simondon, busca deduzir um esquema operatório geral da moeda, do qual o dinheiro é uma dimensão. Os recursos para entender as demais dimensões da moeda, como imagem de poder e prestígio e como instrumento liberatório, são encontrados no exame de teorias não econômicas da moeda, na antropologia e na sociologia. A filosofia de Simondon fornece noções como a operação transdutiva, a alagmática, o transindividual e o ciclo genético da imagem, que permitem pensar a moeda não como substância, mas como rede de significações mediadas por imagens e objetos, cuja estrutura é correlata das operações que ela mantém. A tese busca demonstrar que o conceito de moeda se refere a uma operação de tomada de forma que marca o campo social, determinando atividades e relações. Essa marcação parte de uma esfera articuladora, que, com um modo de operação rítmico, se desdobra em dois eixos, um deles (vertical) tratando da remissão a uma temporalidade que transcende o ritmo da vida no campo social, e o outro (horizontal) ordenando as atividades da temporalidade interna ao ritmo da vida no campo social. Este esquema é válido tanto para a moeda enquanto dinheiro quanto para suas outras dimensões, como veículo de prestígio e como instrumento liberatório (paleomoeda). A moeda enquanto dinheiro é estudada a partir da escola francesa do \"institucionalismo monetário\", que integram reflexões sobre o papel da moeda na economia, na sociedade e na política. As teses do institucionalismo monetário são completadas pelas análises marxianas da relação entre a atividade somática do trabalho, as determinações sociais e o movimento do capital. Em seguida, o conceito de esquema operatório da moeda é empregado para investigar como o dinheiro, com as múltiplas dimensões em que opera, é deixado de lado na tradição da análise econômica, demonstrando que a teoria econômica garante sua autonomia como campo de estudo por meio da expulsão da moeda e, por isso, tem dificuldade de reintegrá-la. Como conclusão, o texto aborda iniciativas contemporâneas a partir da maneira como modificam o esquema operatório da moeda. / This thesis investigates the concept of money beyond its determination as currency. By resorting to concepts from the philosophy of Gilbert Simondon, it seeks to elicit the general operative scheme of money, of which currency is a dimension. The resources needed to understand the other dimensions of money, as as image of power and prestige, and as release instrument, are found by examining non-economic theories of money, in anthropology and sociology. Simondon\'s philosophy provides notions such as transductive operation, allagmatics, transindividual, and the genetic cycle of the image, which help to think money not as substance, but as a network of meanings, mediated by images and objects, with a structure that is relative to the operations it sustains. The thesis seeks to demonstrate that the concept of money refers to an operation of form giving, which marks the social field, determining activities and relations. This marking emerges from an articulating sphere, which, having a rhythmic mode of operation, doubles itself in two axes, one of which (vertical) deals with the remission to a temporality that transcends the rhythm of life in the social field, and the other (horizontal) ordaining the activities in the internal temporality of the social field\'s rhythm of life. This scheme is valid both for money as currency and for its other dimensions, as a vehicle of prestige and as a release instrument. Money as currency is studied in relation to the \"monetary institutional\" French school, which integrates analyses of the role of money in the economy, society and politics. The monetary institutional theses are completed with Marx\'s analyses of the relation between work as a somatic activity, social determinations and the movement of capital. The concept of operative scheme is then employed in the investigation of how money, with the several dimensions in which it operates, is left aside in the tradition of economic analysis, demonstrating that economic theory maintains its autonomy as a field of study only through the expulsion of money, and for that reason fails to reintegrate the concept of money. As a conclusion, the text deals with monetary invention initiatives from the angle of how they modify the operative scheme.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar e analisar a primeira novela do autor russo soviético Valentin Raspútin, Dinheiro para Maria, publicada originalmente em 1967. A tradução em português do objeto de estudo é acompanhada de notas contextuais, tanto históricas quanto tradutórias. Para aprofundarmos mais o assunto, é apresentado um breve histórico da coletivização das terras na URSS e as condições sociais e artísticas que permitiram o florescimento da \"prosa de aldeia\". Além disso, são apontados alguns dados biográficos do autor e alguns aspectos de sua obra que o enquadram nesse movimento artístico. Finalmente, são analisadas as diversas camadas cronotópicas da novela e seu caráter dialógico. / The aim of this research is to present and analyze the first novel by Soviet Russian author Valentin Rasputin, Money for Maria, originally published in 1967. The Portuguese translation of the object of study is accompanied by contextual notes, both historical and translational. To further explore the subject, a brief history of the collectivization of land in the USSR and the social and artistic conditions that allowed the flourishing of \"village prose\" is presented. In addition, some biographical data of the author and some aspects of his work that fit him in this artistic movement are pointed out. Finally, the various chronotopic layers of the novel and its dialogical character are analyzed.

A presente dissertação de Mestrado visa a discutir os limites da imputação penal de delitos de lavagem de dinheiro a funcionários de instituições financeiras que, ordenada ou casualmente, sejam envolvidos em ações praticadas por terceiros, clientes ou não destas instituições, e que possam configurar a realização do tipo objetivo do crime de lavagem de ativos. Com este propósito, são discutidos aspectos como a evolução da ideia de imputação penal vis-a-vis o desenvolvimento do pensamento chamado pós-contemporâneo e suas implicações na dogmática do concurso de pessoas. Ademais, são também descritos detalhadamente os momentos relativos à lavagem de dinheiro que podem ser propícios à participação de agentes financeiros, debatendo-se, em cada caso, a possibilidade ou não de imputação do crime de lavagem a estes agentes. / The following dissertation aims to discuss the limits of criminal imputation of money laundering on financial institutions employees that, casually or not, become involved in actions perpetrated by third parties, clients or not, of those institutions, which may configure the money laundering criminal fattie species. With this purpose, aspects such as the development of criminal imputation idea vis-a-vis the post-contemporary thinking and its implications to criminal participation theory are discussed. In addition, we focus specifically on the probable moment of the money laundering scheme in which the financial agent might be involved, debating, case by case, the possibility of incrimination.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Felipe Arruda Ambrozio.pdf: 1231313 bytes, checksum: 2995fa371a90ec885d5696f256684c4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-27 / This work has the goal of to execute a review at the recent literature on the Marx s theory of money. For this, relevant works produced at last two decades by Brazilian and foreign authors were elected. Those works were divided at three major themes, who comprise the three chapters of this dissertation. The themes are: the relation between the Marx s theory of value and the concept of money; the problem brought to Marx s theory of money by the ending of dollar-gold standard, and, the determination of the value of the money. At the end of this work was made a critical review of the ideas exposed in which has sought to establish points of connection and dissent between the authors. / O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é fazer uma revisão de literatura do debate recente sobre a teoria monetária de Marx. Para tanto, foram escolhidos autores brasileiros e estrangeiros que possuem produção relevante sobre o tema nas últimas duas décadas, preferencialmente. Após verificar a literatura, o debate foi dividido em três grandes temas que compuseram os três capítulos dessa dissertação. Os temas tratados foram: a relação do dinheiro com a teoria do valor; a problemática do fim do padrão dólar-ouro para a teoria monetária de Marx, e, por fim, a determinação do valor da Moeda para Marx. Após cada capítulo procurou-se fazer uma reconstituição critica do que fora apresentado, bem como, estabelecer pontos de ligação e afastamento entre os autores

O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar e analisar a primeira novela do autor russo soviético Valentin Raspútin, Dinheiro para Maria, publicada originalmente em 1967. A tradução em português do objeto de estudo é acompanhada de notas contextuais, tanto históricas quanto tradutórias. Para aprofundarmos mais o assunto, é apresentado um breve histórico da coletivização das terras na URSS e as condições sociais e artísticas que permitiram o florescimento da \"prosa de aldeia\". Além disso, são apontados alguns dados biográficos do autor e alguns aspectos de sua obra que o enquadram nesse movimento artístico. Finalmente, são analisadas as diversas camadas cronotópicas da novela e seu caráter dialógico. / The aim of this research is to present and analyze the first novel by Soviet Russian author Valentin Rasputin, Money for Maria, originally published in 1967. The Portuguese translation of the object of study is accompanied by contextual notes, both historical and translational. To further explore the subject, a brief history of the collectivization of land in the USSR and the social and artistic conditions that allowed the flourishing of \"village prose\" is presented. In addition, some biographical data of the author and some aspects of his work that fit him in this artistic movement are pointed out. Finally, the various chronotopic layers of the novel and its dialogical character are analyzed.

by Ng Kwok-Kee, Paul. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Bibliography: leaves 51-52.