Cette thèse de doctorat étudie la façon dont les organisations, en particulier les entreprises sociales, créent et mettent en œuvre des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) pour les populations vivant "au bas de la pyramide" (BoP) et comment de tels projets permettent de lutter contre l'exclusion (ICT4D). Ce travail de recherche est basé sur des données recueillies à partir de deux organisations situées en Inde, l'une opérant principalement dans les zones rurales et l'autre dans les milieux urbains. Ces deux organisations ciblent principalement les populations marginalisées, et opèrent dans un marché strictement réglementé. Ces données ont été collecté principalement à partir d'approches qualitatives. comprenant des interviews, et des documents d'archives. Après un chapitre introductif présentant les motivations et spécificités de ce travail, cette thèse est composée de trois articles. Le premier article explique comment les entreprises sociales répondent à la fois à une mission sociale et une mission de profit, en fournissant des services TIC aux populations marginalisées. Cet article explique comment les entreprises sociales utilisent différentes formes de bricolage pour faire face aux défis liés aux ressources disponibles et aux contraintes réglementaires. Le deuxième article examine l'importance des composants d'un modèle d'affaire dans la fourniture de TIC. Cet article suggère que, en plus de la proposition, l'architecture et la finance, le réseau "innofusion" et la valeur de co-création sont deux éléments supplémentaires essentiels à un modèle d'affaire pertinent pour les communautés marginalisées. Le troisième article propose une théorisation du rôle de l'innovation inclusive (une forme d'innovation émergente pour les marchés à faible revenu) pour permettre le développement des communautés marginalisées. Cette approche propose de tenir compte (1) du rôle des institutions financières dans les zones rurales et (2) de la prolifération rapide des TIC pour faciliter l'innovation inclusive, en prenant pour exemple les femmes en milieu rural. Enfin, cette thèse offre plusieurs contributions théoriques et pratiques. Tout d'abord, en mobilisant le concept de bricolage, cette recherche fournit des indications utiles à la compréhension des TIC pour les populations marginalisées, en particulier dans un contexte de ressources limitées et d'environnement restrictif. Le deuxième article propose également une contributions théorique majeure puisqu'il souligne l'importance des composants d'un modèles d'affaire en proposant l'addition de deux nouveaux composants pour l'introduction des TIC au sein des populations marginalisées à savoir le réséau innofusion, et la co-création de valeur. Et le troisième article fournit une analyse précise et détaillée de l'innovation inclusive pour les populations marginalisées. Enfin, cette thèse suggère aux professionnels comment structurer leurs opérations et leurs modèles de revenus pour des populations à faible revenu. De manière générale, cette thèse ouvre la voie pour l'étude des populations marginalisées, en terme de recherche en système d'information, qui a reçu jusqu'alors une attention trop limitée / This dissertation investigates how organizations (specifically social enterprises) create and implement information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) projects for the people at the bottom of the pyramid (BoP) and how such initiatives achieve scale. Building upon the case of mobile money in India, it explains how organizations develop ICT4D projects for the BoP, and explores the issues of business models, inclusivity and scaling in such projects. It is based on data collected from two organizations, one with operations mainly in rural areas and the other one in an urban setting. These organizations which primarily target marginalized communities, operate in a strictly regulated market, and face initial resource challenges. The data is collected from multiple sources, including interviews and archival material such as organizational records, annual reports, formal project reports, etc. Following the introductory chapter, the dissertation comprises three related papers. The first explains how social enterprises that have both a social and a profit mission, provide ICT-enabled services to the people at the BoP and achieve scale. It discusses how ICT social enterprises employ different forms of bricolage to cope with resource challenges and regulatory constraints and scale up. The second paper examines the role of business models in providing ICTs to the BoP and discusses the key components of such business models. It proposes that in addition to the previously discussed value proposition, value architecture and value finance components, innofusion network and value co-creation are also crucial components of such business models due to the specific characteristics of the BoP communities. The final paper of this dissertation theorizes the role of inclusive innovation (an emerging form of innovation in low income markets) in enabling development for marginalized communities. Taking into account 1) the role of micro financial institutions in rural areas and 2) the rapid proliferation of mobile technologies, it studies the ways in which micro financial institutions leverage mobile technologies to facilitate inclusive innovation in marginalised communities, specifically those for women. The dissertation offers contributions to theory and practice. First, by investigating bricolage, it provides useful insights into understanding aspects of scaling for ICT social enterprises, particularly in resource constrained and restrictive environments. Second, it discusses the particular importance of business models for the BoP. Given the specificities of BoP communities, I propose five key dimensions of business models that are appropriate for delivering ICTs. Extending this, the third paper also proposes contributions to the emerging field of inclusive innovation and provides a novel way to understand innovation in marginalised communities. The dissertation also provides practitioners (that deal with BoP communities) useful insights into the ways in which they might structure their operations and revenue models and deal with the partners they could engage with to expand and scale. Finally, this dissertation argues for more focus on marginalised communities such as women in rural areas that have received limited attention in IS research

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-08T21:11:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 05b.pdf: 843383 bytes, checksum: ad31ac245c0f307284141b2af3e4a512 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T21:11:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05b.pdf: 843383 bytes, checksum: ad31ac245c0f307284141b2af3e4a512 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04 / Nenhuma / O dinheiro e seu manejo são assuntos que vêm ganhando importância nas pesquisas acadêmicas, considerando o fato de que o dinheiro é um objeto presente nas mais diversas relações do nosso cotidiano, e, inevitavelmente, também presente nas relações conjugais. Nesse sentido, os artigos que compõem esta dissertação abrangem a temática do dinheiro, tendo como objetivos analisar o manejo do dinheiro pelos casais e investigar a relação do manejo do dinheiro com a qualidade conjugal. Participaram desses estudos 143 casais, casados oficialmente ou morando juntos, moradores da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. O estudo utilizou abordagem quantitativa, tendo como instrumentos um questionário sóciodemográfico, um questionário do manejo do dinheiro, a Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) e o Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS). Os conflitos apontados pela literatura em relação ao manejo do dinheiro pelos casais, não ficaram evidentes nessa amostra. Todavia, verificou-se que, diferente dos estudos anteriores, não somente a forma com que os casais manejam o dinheiro, mas também o status financeiro dos mesmos estiveram relacionados com os conflitos sobre o dinheiro, uma vez que observou-se que quanto maior a renda, menor a possibilidade de infidelidade financeira (r= -0,131; p= 0,045). Além disso, verificou-se que os casais que mantinham um sistema de gerenciamento compartilhado do dinheiro foram aqueles que obtiveram maiores níveis de qualidade conjugal. Esses casais também apresentaram maior grau de felicidade com o relacionamento e maior nível de concordância em relação às finanças. Os resultados desse estudo corroboram com estudos anteriores, confirmando que o manejo do dinheiro afeta a qualidade conjugal. / Money and its management are issues that have been gaining importance in academic research, considering the fact that money is an object present in several of our everyday relationships, and inevitably also present in marital relations. Accordingly, the items that make up this dissertation cover the topic of money, aiming to analyze the management of money for couples and investigate the relationship of managing money with marital quality. Participants in these studies 143 couples officially married or living together, residents of the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. The study used a quantitative approach, as instruments sociodemographic a questionnaire, a questionnaire of managing money, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and the Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS). The conflicts mentioned in the literature regarding the handling of money by couples, were not evident in this sample. However, it was found that, unlike previous studies, not only the shape with which couples handle money, but also the financial status of these were related to the conflict over money, since it was observed that the higher the income, the lower the possibility of financial infidelity (r = -0.131, p = 0.045). Furthermore, it was found that couples who maintained a system of shared management of money were those who had higher levels of marital quality. These couples also had a greater degree of happiness with the relationship and greater level of agreement about finances. The results of this study concur with previous studies, confirming that the management of money affects marital quality.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Simoes De Oliveira.pdf: 800239 bytes, checksum: 12f280ffb411240f1550f97626e6bdae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-19 / This study discourses on money articulation in 21th century, as well as its subjective significations and cultural consequences: the coinage concerned as the master spring which determines contemporary life directions and defines the human relationships. On this account, it is presented a brief history of the monetary element in order to track its route from exchanging times to the present, once it occupies the hegemony place in the ruling capitalist system. Additionally, the investigation pursues a social, semiotic and psychoanalytic explanation for the global money phenomenon. Thus, as the basis for this research, the pecuniary unit is regarded sometimes as a sign and sometimes as a signifier, and semiotic perspective is considered for its theorization, since it is the universal mediator and cultural sign par excellence. Moreover, psychoanalysis is employed to elucidate the signifier value of money and its phallic correspondence. At last, it is presented a discussion on the relation between both libidinal desire and pleasure economies involved in the interaction with money, by analyzing the biographical Jordan Belfort s book and its cinematographic adaptation, The Wolf of Wall Street. The biography tells the story of a stockbroker who reports in detail his millionaire routine, his rapid enrichment and consequences of his unrestrained greed. In conclusion, through the semiotic analysis developed in this study, it is confirmed that money approaches to imaginary phallus and consequently it is proved Lacanian´s assertion that money is the most deadly existing object / O presente trabalho disserta sobre as articulações do dinheiro no século XXI, suas significações subjetivas e consequências culturais: a moeda, pensada como a mola mestra que determina os rumos da vida contemporânea e define as relações humanas. É traçada uma breve história do elemento monetário, procurando abordar seu percurso desde o escambo até o período atual, em que ocupa a hegemonia no sistema capitalista dominante. Busca-se uma explicação social, semiótica e psicanalítica sobre o fenômeno global que o elemento se tornou. Pensando o dinheiro às vezes como signo e às vezes como significante, recorre-se, em princípio, à perspectiva semiótica na teorização do elemento enquanto mediador universal e signo cultural por excelência; posteriormente, a psicanálise é utilizada no esclarecimento do seu valor como significante e nas equivalências fálicas que imaginariamente traça diante dele. Objetiva-se, por fim, discutir a relação entre a economia libidinal do desejo e a do gozo envolvidas na interação com o dinheiro, analisando, para tanto, o filme e o livro autobiográfico de Jordan Belfort, mais conhecido como O Lobo de Wall Street, um americano corretor de ações que traz um relato detalhado sobre a sua rotina milionária, seu rápido enriquecimento e as consequências da sua cobiça desenfreada. Na conclusão do percurso intersemiótico, desenvolvido nesse trabalho, confirma-se a aproximação do dinheiro com o falo imaginário e por consequência a colocação lacaniana do dinheiro ser o objeto mais mortífero que existe

Penningtvätt och finansiering av terrorism är ett internationellt problem som ständigt hotar världsekonomin och det finansiella systemet. Detta har medfört att Financial Action Task Forces grundläggande rekommendationer, som legat till bas för en stor del av regelverken inom den svenska finanssektorn, besitter en betydelsefull roll, likaså enskilda bankmedarbetares beslutsfattande inom de svenska storbankerna.Syftet med studien är att förstå hur och varför det kan existera ett gap mellan FATF:s grundläggande rekommendationer och några svenska bankers agerande i reglering av penningtvätt genom att observera enskilda bankmedarbetares beslutsfattande inom de svenska storbankerna.Beslutsteorier ligger till grund för att förstå hur psykologiska kognitioner kan påverka en individs beslutsfattande. Vår föreställning har även varit den, att enskilda bankmedarbetare inom de svenska storbankerna kan fatta beslut och utföra handlingar i relation till organisationsförhållande så som styr- och kontrollsystem, komplexa organisationsmiljöer, informationssystem, individuell kompetens samt selektion, urval och värderingar, som råder inom banken.Sett till vår teoretiska referensram, empiriska insamling och analys har vi konstaterat att de olika organisationsförhållandena kan vara bidragande faktorer till varför penningtvätt inom svenska storbanker kan uppstå. Banktjänstemän fattar inte enbart oönskade beslut på grund av brister i organisationsförhållandena, utan även på grund av olika kompetensnivåer som innebär att vissa medarbetare med högre kompetens erhåller ett bredare handlingsutrymme. Under studiens gång har vi fått en indikation på att kundkännedom och kundrelation kan vara en kritisk faktor till uppkomsten av penningtvätt, då det existerar osäkerhet i enskilda bankmedarbetares bedömning av kunders trovärdighet / Money laundering and terrorist financing is an international issue that is constantly threatening the world economy and the financial system. This meaning, that FATF's fundamental recommendations, as a basis for a large part of the regulations, within the Swedish financial sector have a significant role in the counter of money laundering as well as the decision-making of bankers in the Swedish major banks.The purpose of the study is to understand how and why there exists a gap between the Financial Action Task Force's fundamental recommendations and the behavior of a number of Swedish banks in the regulation of money laundering by observing bankers'decisionmaking.By applying an abductive approach, decision theories lay the foundation for understanding which psychological cognitions can affect a bankers decision making. Our idea has also been that individuals in the Swedish major banks can make decisions in relation to which organizational relationships such as control system, complex work environments, informations systems, selections and values exist within the bank.Referring to our theoretical reference framework, empirical collection and analysis, we have found that the different organizational relationships can be contributing factors to why money laundering within Swedish major banks can arise. Bankers not only take unwanted decisions because of the shortcomings in the organizational relationships, but also because the employees have different levels of competence and thus have wider scope for action. During the study, we have received an indication that customer relationships and how well bankers knows the customer, can be a critical factor to the emergence of money laundering.

A maior parte dos trabalhos sobre substituição de moeda encontra como fonte geradora deste fenômeno a diferença de capacidade entre as diferentes moedas em manterem os seus valores ao longo do tempo. Existe, entretanto, um aspecto pouco explorado nesta literatura. É necessário estudar a relação entre o grau de integração comercial e o processo de substituição de moeda. Em concordância com esta necessidade, o objetivo desta dissertação consiste em analisar os impactos sobre a demanda pelas moedas nacionais decorrentes de um processo de integração comercial, focalizando sobre o motivo transacional da demanda por moeda. Para isto, desenvolvem-se dois modelos de equilíbrio geral dinâmico com trocas descentralizadas (search) em economia aberta. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, elevados níveis de integração comercial podem deflagrar um processo de substituição de moeda em que o meio de pagamento estrangeiro passa a ser utilizado também em trocas envolvendo apenas indivíduos domésticos. Daí se seguem importantes mudanças de preços relativos e novas condições sobre a condução da política monetária. / Most works on currency substitution finds the origin of this phenomenon at the difference of money prices inflation between two currencies. However, there is a remaining issue. It is necessary to study the relation between the degree of commercial integration and the currency substitution process. In accordance to this need, the purpose of this dissertation consists in analyzing the impacts upon national currency demand due to a process of commercial integration, focusing on the transactional demand for money. To accomplish that, two open economy dynamic general equilibrium with decentralized exchanges (search) models are developed. According to the results, high levels of commercial integration may start a process where the foreign currency is used as a medium-of-exchange for trades between domestic agents. Moreover, there are important relative prices changes and relevant consequences upon monetary policy making.

Para compreender o significado da carteira masculina de bolso e sua importância na história cotidiana humana, fez-se necessário, primeiramente, o resgate pela origem da palavra por meio do estudo etimológico e a busca por sua raiz, bem como seu aparecimento apresentado por uma datação. Para a inserção do objeto de estudo no âmbito do design de produto, apresentando-o como uma resposta as necessidades cotidianas em voga, foram necessárias incursões ao campo da moda, a compreensão de seus conceitos assim como suas áreas de atuação, onde, atualmente, se encontra instalada as raras informações a respeito da carteira masculina. Por fim, o resgate dos padrões monetários brasileiros, compreendendo e analisando-os formalmente, bem como a necessidade de levantamento das formas adquiridas pelo dinheiro monetário e pelos documentos pessoais portados nas carteiras como elementos possíveis de alterações de projeto do artefato deste estudo após o cruzamento de dados com exemplos de carteiras adquiridas ao longo do trabalho. / To understand the significance of the masculine pocket wallet and its importance in day by day human history, it was first necessary to recover the origin of the word through study and the search for its etymological root as well as its appearance presented by a dating. For the insertion of the object of study within the product design, presenting it as a response to everyday needs in vogue, it has been done necessary incursions into the field of fashion, the understanding of its concepts as well as their areas of expertise, where, currently, is installed the scarce information about the men\'s wallet. Finally, the recovering of Brazilian monetary standards, formally understanding and analyzing them as well as the need for survey the acquired shapes of money and personal documents ported in wallets as possible elements of design changes in the object of this study after matching data with examples of wallets acquired during the this work.

This thesis provides a historical materialist policy analysis of the diversity of capital-account policies (CAPs) deployed in Brazil and South Africa over the period 2008-2014. Facing relatively similar patterns of cross-border money-capital movements and comparable financial challenges, these two emerging capitalist countries implemented radically different CAPs: while Brazil deployed a remarkable array of measures (capital controls on inflows, foreign exchange interventions, regulations of derivatives contracts, etc.), the policy response in South Africa was much more orthodox, and mainly characterised by the further liberalisation of outflows. The historical materialist policy analysis combines a variety of theoretical literatures (including historical materialism, financial and economic geography, and post-Keynesian economics) and research methods (qualitative research interviews, policy document analysis, and macroeconomic analysis). It examines the drivers of the CAP policy-making process in Brazil and South Africa in the light of (1) the social constitution and the class character of the capitalist state and money-capital, conceived of as particular 'moments' in the totality of capitalist social relations from which they are constituted; (2) the historical-geographical specificity of the Brazilian and South African capitalist development trajectory, (3) the unfolding of the broader social struggles of the working class, and (4) with specific reference to the highly uneven geographies of the contemporary global financial system. I claim that in both countries, post-crisis CAPs were not part of a political attempt at restructuring the state and altering class relations. By contrast, CAPs were instrumental in reproducing particular modes of managing class relations and accumulation in a changing international context, though in a precarious and temporary manner. Post-crisis CAPs involved the creation, enhancement, and adaptation of financial and monetary regulatory capacity (involving both drastic innovation and more subtle forms of change) to deepen the CAPs deployed in the previous decade, while coping with their (perceived) worst consequences: sustaining the historically-specific mode of mediating the global movement of money-capital in each country required the uneven re-articulation of state power. The thesis contributes to the literatures on the distinctively Marxian-inspired approaches to development, the uneven geographies of finance/financialisation, materialist state theory, and to the debates about more progressive forms of financial governance in emerging capitalist countries. It also shows the limits of the concept of 'policy space' as an analytical device, chiefly due to its almost complete blindness to class and to the active role of the working class in shaping policies. This results in difficulties in envisaging progressive policy alternatives, that is, policies that do not only aim at stabilising capital accumulation and facilitating the reproduction of key capitalist social forms in the short term.

Création ou destruction de monnaie sont des facteurs majeurs de variation de sa valeur. Il est essentiel de cerner d’où provient originellement cette valeur, puis de comprendre comment de tels mécanismes de création ou de destruction l’affecteront, et enfin de mesurer les conséquences de ces mécanismes en termes de création ou destruction cette fois de richesse, au sens où Adam Smith traitait de la Richesse des nations. Plusieurs écoles de pensée ont formulé des propositions divergentes en matière d’émission de monnaie, pour sa bonne régulation et dans une recherche de relation efficace avec les besoins économiques. La montée en puissance des monnaies fiduciaires et scripturales a exacerbé ces divergences depuis deux siècles. La démonétisation progressive de l’argent métal puis de l’or ont parallèlement octroyé aux politiques monétaires une liberté d’action mais également une responsabilité croissantes. Une analyse critique de ces politiques et doctrines monétaires, ouvrira dans un second temps sur des propositions de nouveaux mécanismes d’injection de monnaie. Avec pour objectif premier de maintenir une stabilité entre inflation et déflation. Un deuxième objectif étant un meilleur lissage de la croissance économique, atténuateur notamment des cycles Juglar. Un troisième, de cercle vertueux, où les émissions de monnaie parviennent à établir des conditions économiques favorables à leur propre reproduction future. Ces mécanismes de création de monnaie, articulés avec la croissance et la productivité, trouvant pour complément une destruction des « faux-droits » dans l’acception que leur donnait Jacques Rueff, ou du « faux-monnayage » selon la définition de Maurice Allais. / Creation and destruction of money are key factors to determine its value. Therefore, gaining a clear understanding of the origin of this value is of crucial importance. Then, understanding how this value will be altered by these creation or destruction mechanisms. And finally, measuring the consequences of these mechanisms for creation or destruction of wealth, as Adam Smith understands that term to be : An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Several schools of thought exist, as to what factor has to be taken into account in order to ensure economic effectiveness and to achieve proper regulation of these monetary phenomenons. The growing importance of fiat and scriptural money, and the demonetization of silver and of gold, have increased the monetary authorities’ room for manoeuvre, but also the weight of their responsibility. The analysis of these monetary policies will lead to proposals for improvements and for new mechanisms of money creation. With a first objective of price stability. With a second one of facilitating the smoothing of economic business cycles (Juglar cycles). With a third one of implementing a virtuous cycle, where money creation provides an environment favourable to future new money creation. These mechanisms of money creation are articulated with growth and productivity. As well as with a limitation of issuance of money, according to Maurice Allais and Jacques Rueff thought.

The main objective of this thesis is comparing financial products of retirement funds in the Czech market.

This thesis is concerned how people can handle with their finances with a focus on the use of credit products, debts and the potential impact of debts. Consequences of default are efforts of creditors to get money back, whether through specialized companies or judicial executor. The thesis deals with enforcement proceedings and then with insolvency proceedings. So what are possible solutions of debtor's situation if debtor is unable to pay his obligations. Bankruptcy and debt relief is described. There is also a survey that examines people's attitudes to manage their money, to advertisement for credits, whether people borrow money and have repayment problems. In conclusion there is recommendation how to repay your debts, how to deal with debt responsibility, and there is also a very discussed topic about financial literacy.