Les points de vente de la presse écrite, encore appelés kiosques à journaux, sont le théâtre d’activités humaines au quotidien. Le passant qui traverse les grands carrefours de Yaoundé ou de Douala est attiré par les nombreuses personnes attroupées devant les kiosques à journaux où elles tiennent des discussions « interminables ». Pour les populations urbaines, il s’agit d’un passe-temps pour ceux qui s’y adonnent. Pourtant, la pratique est renouvelée au quotidien devant ces espaces de commerce. La présence de personnes devant les kiosques à journaux à longueur de journée traduit-elle une certaine oisiveté de leur part ou alors l’expression d’un réel intérêt pour les journaux ? Cette thèse analyse les logiques qui structurent le phénomène d’attroupement devant les kiosques à journaux et interroge la place des discussions qui y émergent. Les pratiques observées, ainsi que les entretiens menés au cours de l’enquête, montrent que la recherche des informations contenues dans la presse écrite est fondamentalement l’objet d’attraction des populations vers ces points d’approvisionnement. Les différents acteurs déploient des stratégies variées pour accéder à l’information. En effet, la vente directe des journaux comme seule source de revenus des kiosquiers relèverait d’une utopie. Face à la conjoncture qui sévit dans le secteur de la presse, les commerçants de journaux ne sont pas épargnés. La chute des ventes suscite le besoin de réajustements, dont le but est de combler le manque à gagner. Dans un contexte global dominé par la précarité, le consommateur n’est pas en reste. Désormais, parcourir les titres de journaux suffit pour se faire une idée de l’actualité. De cette exploration approximative émergent de manière instantanée des débats sur les sujets relayés dans les médias. Pour les protagonistes de ces échanges, la possibilité d’exprimer leur point de vue représente une forme de liberté d’expression, symbole de la démocratie, laquelle apparaît comme un élément structurant majeur dans la construction de l’espace public. / The newspaper stall constitutes an environment for daily human interactions. As one passes by the Yaounde and Douala major crossroads, it’s impressive to see the crowds gathered around the newspaper stalls. For many people, it has become a daily appointment for endless debates.The question is: Why do people spend so much of their time around those newspaper stalls? Is it because they are idlers? Or is it because they are truly interested in newspapers?Our thesis dissertation is aimed at analyzing the logics that structure the phenomenon of crowds around the newspaper stalls, and questioning the nature and content of the discussions resulting from peoples’ interactions in those places.From our observations on the field, and from the interviews carried out, it appears that the main reason why people gather around the newspapers stall is their search for information. Because of the economic crisis many people can’t afford to buy a newspaper. Therefore, they are often contempted with reading the titles on the front pages and when possible, gathering supplementary information from those who may have had the privilege to read the articles. Within this framework, spontaneous discussions and debates merge, which give the protagonists the opportunity to say their mind, and thus feel as if they are expressing their right to free speech, which symbolizes democracy and as such stands as a fundamental element in the public space.

Durante o período de 1994/2002, o jornal Correio Braziliense implementou uma renovação em sua linguagem gráfica fruto de uma reformulação completa em seu projeto editorial que o levou a conquistar vários prêmios voltados para a área de design e de jornalismo. Foi um dos jornais mais premiados do mundo pela Society for News Design (SND) entidade da área de design de notícias de grande prestígio no mundo. Sob o comando do jornalista Ricardo Noblat, a reformulação do jornal passou por três fases: fevereiro de 1994, com o início do redirecionamento no rumo editorial; abril de 1996, com a implantação do novo projeto gráfico, realizada pelo designer Francisco Amaral; julho de 2000, com a revitalização do projeto gráfico, também pelo designer Francisco Amaral, o que ocorreu paralelamente à consolidação do projeto editorial. O foco desta pesquisa são as capas do primeiro caderno produzidas entre 1996 e 2002, período em que o design - completamente integrado à notícia - rendeu bons frutos em termos de aprimoramento gráfico. A importância do periódico de Brasília foi resultado de um trabalho construído ao longo de anos, com muitos desafios vencidos por uma equipe afinada e determinada a reinventar a forma de se fazer jornal diário no Brasil, cujo objetivo era ser um veículo independente, crítico e combativo. A flexibilidade formal e a inventividade do projeto gráfico resultam dessa estratégia editorial / During the 1994 / 2002 period, the Correio Brasiliense newspaper implemented a renewal on its graphical language as result of a complete reformulation on its publishing project, which received many design and journalism awards. It was one of most awarded newspaper in the world, for the Society for News Design (SND) an organization with great prestige worldwide. Under the command of journalist Ricardo Noblat, the reformulation of the publishing project went through three phases: February 1994 with the beginning of the process; April 1996, with the implementation of the new publishing project, by Francisco Amaral, designer; July 2000 with the reformulation of the graphical language, also by Francisco Amaral, which took place along with the consolidation of the editorial project. The research objectives are the cover page of the first section, edited between 1996 and 2002 - a period where the design - totally integrated to the news brought good results in terms of graphical design improvement. The importance of the Brasilia daily newspaper was the result of years of work, with many challenges won by a well tuned team and determined to reinvent the way of making a daily newspaper in Brazil, which the goal was to be an independent, critic and militant newspaper. The formal flexibility and the inventiveness of the graphical project were the results of this editorial strategy.

Durante o período de 1994/2002, o jornal Correio Braziliense implementou uma renovação em sua linguagem gráfica fruto de uma reformulação completa em seu projeto editorial que o levou a conquistar vários prêmios voltados para a área de design e de jornalismo. Foi um dos jornais mais premiados do mundo pela Society for News Design (SND) entidade da área de design de notícias de grande prestígio no mundo. Sob o comando do jornalista Ricardo Noblat, a reformulação do jornal passou por três fases: fevereiro de 1994, com o início do redirecionamento no rumo editorial; abril de 1996, com a implantação do novo projeto gráfico, realizada pelo designer Francisco Amaral; julho de 2000, com a revitalização do projeto gráfico, também pelo designer Francisco Amaral, o que ocorreu paralelamente à consolidação do projeto editorial. O foco desta pesquisa são as capas do primeiro caderno produzidas entre 1996 e 2002, período em que o design - completamente integrado à notícia - rendeu bons frutos em termos de aprimoramento gráfico. A importância do periódico de Brasília foi resultado de um trabalho construído ao longo de anos, com muitos desafios vencidos por uma equipe afinada e determinada a reinventar a forma de se fazer jornal diário no Brasil, cujo objetivo era ser um veículo independente, crítico e combativo. A flexibilidade formal e a inventividade do projeto gráfico resultam dessa estratégia editorial / During the 1994 / 2002 period, the Correio Brasiliense newspaper implemented a renewal on its graphical language as result of a complete reformulation on its publishing project, which received many design and journalism awards. It was one of most awarded newspaper in the world, for the Society for News Design (SND) an organization with great prestige worldwide. Under the command of journalist Ricardo Noblat, the reformulation of the publishing project went through three phases: February 1994 with the beginning of the process; April 1996, with the implementation of the new publishing project, by Francisco Amaral, designer; July 2000 with the reformulation of the graphical language, also by Francisco Amaral, which took place along with the consolidation of the editorial project. The research objectives are the cover page of the first section, edited between 1996 and 2002 - a period where the design - totally integrated to the news brought good results in terms of graphical design improvement. The importance of the Brasilia daily newspaper was the result of years of work, with many challenges won by a well tuned team and determined to reinvent the way of making a daily newspaper in Brazil, which the goal was to be an independent, critic and militant newspaper. The formal flexibility and the inventiveness of the graphical project were the results of this editorial strategy.

The focus of this investigation is on the effects that content and layout forms of newspaper advertising have on consumer attitudes toward the legal profession. A second major purpose of the study was to determine the differences which exist between certain socio-demographic categories with respect to attitude towards the advertised lawyer and the legal advertisements. Thirteen variations of a legal advertisement for the newspaper medium were developed and shown to consumers and then tested by measuring consumers' attitudes toward twelve lawyer-related attributes and ten advertisement-related attributes.

No description available.

Nous proposons dans ce travail une analyse de la transposition du journal imprimé vers le journal web, à travers le cas de deux importants journaux colombiens. Observer et décrire la transposition nécessite d'abord de faire un arrêt sur le texte pour rendre compte du mode de fonctionnement des différentes strates qui lui rendent son épaisseur et qui participent à la définition des modalités énonciatives et pragmatiques qui lui sont propres. Mais ensuite, il faut considérer la nature dynamique du processus qui permet la projection et la circulation des formes textuelles dans une nouvelle sphère médiatique. L'objectif principal de ce travail est donc de comprendre comment se réalise la transposition du journal à partir de l'observation de la Une, afin de voir la forme qu'il acquiert lors de son intégration au numérique. Pour cela, nous partons d'une analyse de la structure du texte et des interactions que les composantes métatextuelles et paratextuelles entretiennent dans l'objet d'écriture, pour ensuite déterminer la manière dont ces composantes se déterminent dans l'hypertexte. Il s'agira en particulier d'observer les modalités de hiérarchisation de l'information propres à chaque système textuel, mais aussi des modes d'organisation des contenus selon un scénario. Nous montrons que ce qui est en jeu dans la transposition, c'est la mise en place de parcours hypertextuels à partir de l'interface graphique, parcours que le lecteur doit interpréter et comprendre pour construire sa propre pratique de lecture. / We propose in this thesis an analysis of the transposition of the printed newspaper to the web, through the case of two important Colombian newspapers. Observe and describe the transposition requires first to make a stop on the text to reflect the mode of operation of the different textual layers that make its thickness and participate in the definition of the enunciative and pragmatic terms that are specific to it. But then we need to consider the dynamic nature of the process that allows the projection and the movement of textual forms into a new media sphere. The main objective of this work is to understand how to realize the transposition of the newspaper from the observation of its front page to see the shape that it acquires when it is integrated into the digital. For this, we start with an analysis of the text structure and the interactions that metatextual and paratextual components maintain within the writing object, then we describe how these components are determined in hypertext. In particular, it is necessary to observe the hierarchical arrangements of information in the textual system, but also to understand the different ways of organizing the content according to a specific scenario. We show that what is important in the transposition is the creation of hypertextual access from the interface, which need to be interpreted in order to build a reading practice.

On the basis of a performed research, the master's thesis offers suitable measures, which should lead to more efficient sales of Třebíč daily newspaper. The theoretical knowledge is applied to a real situation of the chosen company. The practical part then analyses the results of the performed marketing research and presents arising proposals.

This study reviews the changes in Taiwan's newspaper industry during its current period of transition. Contemporary newspaper development in Taiwan after the lifting of martial law in July 1987 is evaluated in relation to transformations in the newspaper marketplace, journalistic practices, labor relations, and freedom of expression. This study concludes that changes in Taiwan's newspaper business are closely related to changes in the country's political atmosphere. The lifting of the Ban of Newspaper brought freedoms for which journalists had fought for decades; however, journalistic quality has not improved at the same speed. Changes will continue in the journalism industry; whether it grows in a healthy way is a topic for future study.

No description available.

Mediehusen fokuserar nästintill uteslutande på dagstidningar online, då den trycktadagstidningen av olika anledningar saknar positiva framtidsutsikter (Svenska mediehus2014/15 2015). I dagens medieklimat finns det större möjligheter att publicerajournalistik och kunna tjäna pengar på det online och när det kommer till formgivningenfinns det många lika men också olika förutsättningar, i jämförelse med dentryckta dagstidningen. En förutsättning oavsett plattform är formgivningens anpassningefter annonser och affärsmodeller, snarare än läsare och journalistik (6.3.1:5 och6.3.3:5) . En skillnad när det gäller förutsättningar är att det i tryckta medier finns enfrihet i layouten, att skapa både ett horisontellt såväl som vertikalt flöde, medan detonline är standard att till exempel enbart använda sig av en (potentiellt) oändlig spalt.2Det bör alltså läggas stor vikt vid hur man sätter brödtexten i den här enda spalten ochaspekter som typsnitt, whitespace och bildsättning spelar in. Den här uppsatsen fokuserapå en fjärde och lika viktig aspekt: teckengrad.En standard finns sedan länge för den tryckta dagstidningen, men vi ser fortfarandeolika förhållningssätt för dagstidningar på Internet. Annonsanpassade affärsmodellertillsammans med äldre skärmars lågupplösning, har skapat en layout där allawebbtidningens element upplevs som små. Fler och fler indicier pekar nu på att brödtextenförväntas öka i storlek. Följer man den modell som designbyrån InformationArchitects arbetat fram kan man enkelt räkna ut vilken teckengrad en brödtext bör ha,på respektive digital skärm, för att denna text skall motsvara upplevelsen av en tryckttext (Information Architects 2006). Sätter man en brödtext på webben i proportion tillen brödtext i en bok, med önskad motsvarande läsupplevelse, ökar den digitala teckengraden, bland annat eftersom vi läser den på längre avstånd än en tryckt bok. Applicerar man teorier om typografi och läsbarhet, från bland andra typografer somHallberg (1992) och Hellmark (2005), samt designers som Peetre (6.3.1), Häggström(6.3.2) och Sigfridsson (6.3.3) framträder en förvisso inte helt tydlig bild, men ändå en där teckengraden i webbdagstidningar beräknas öka. Vare sig den gör det eller inte,går att konstateras att konsensus lär råda över tid: Precis som den tryckta dagstidningensbrödtext har en standard, växer ur relationen mellan producent och användare, enstandard fram även för design av text på Internet. Vi ser idag extremer åt alla håll, textkan se ur precis hur som helst. Men dessa extremer skapar ändå en medelkurva, enuniversell design, som tar brödtextens utveckling framåt. För att fånga den här kollektivtskapade utvecklingen, gynnas uppsatsen av att se problemområdet ur tre aspekter.Genom en kvantitativ studie av alla (125) svenska dagstidningar på Internet skapadesett forskningsintroducerande material, som ger en övergripande bild av teckengradeni brödtext i dagstidningar på Internet. För att närma sig frågeställningen,När det kommer till teckengrad, radavstånd och spaltbredd, hur ser brödtexten ut isamtliga svenska dagstidningar på Internet? Vilka faktorer, med fokus på teckengrad,kan underlätta läsbarheten?, stödjs den kvantitativa undersökningen med professionsintervjuer med representanter från mediebranschen, samt en webbenkät som ger indicier av läsvanor och läsupplevelse bland dagstidningsläsare. Med hjälp av den insamladedatan söker därmed denna uppsats besvara frågor kring hur teckengraden ser ut idag, men också om det är ett problem och i så fall hur webbdesignen på den här punktenbör utvecklas, mot det slutgiltiga syftet att förändra och förbättra den digitaladagstidningen som produkt.Sverige har en av världens högsta andel tidningsläsare per capita (World presstrends 2014) och ligger ofta i framkant när det kommer till webbdesign för dagstidningar.Dagstidningen på Internet är nu i ett vägskäl och en överblick över hur det serut i dag bör vara av största intresse. / Media company put almost all of their financials on online products and the printednewspaper is almost gone thanks to rationalized thinking (Svenska mediehus 2014/152015). In todays media climate there is more opportunities in online journalism andwhen it comes to design, you will find a lot of conditions that are both similar and differentfrom printed journalism. One of the similarities is the adaption to ads, ratherthan to readers and to journalism (6.3.1:5; 6.3.3:5).One of the differences is the layout and when it comes to print, your can lay the bodytext in two or many columns, but the standard online is to lay it in one. This creates,rather than a horizontal, a strictly vertical reading and a (potentially) infinite column.3Although the exceptions exist, focus in online journalism is on the one column andaspects as font, whitespace and image take part. This essay will focus though on afourth and as important aspect: type size.Since long there is a standard for printed newspaper, while online there is anotherset of approaches. Ads and old times low-resolution screens gave birth to a web designwhere design elements where perceived as small. More and more evidence showsthat body text will get larger. If you follow the model set by Information Architectsyou can easily calculate which font size to use online, if you want it to equal the experienceof reading a printed body text (Information Architects 2006). If you follow thismodel to get the digital text match the printed, the font size will naturally get bigger,among other things, because we read it from a bigger distance. If you apply theoriesof typography and readability from among others typographers as Hallberg (1992)and Hellmark (2005), and designers as Peetre (6.3.1), Häggström (6.3.2) and Sigfridsson(6.3.3), a depiction, if not wholly solid but still, will appear that will indicate anincrease in font size.With a quantitative study of all (125) Swedish newspapers on the Internet, a researchintroductory material takes shape, which gives an overview on the state of typesize in body text in newspapers on the Internet. To lead up to the research problem,When it comes to type size, line spacing and column width, how is the body text designed in Swedish newspapers on the Internet? What are the aspects, focusing on typesize, that facilitates readability?, the quantitative study is supported by interviewswith representatives from the industry and a web survey which gives circumstantial ofreading habits and reading experience among readers of newspapers. With this data,this essay strive to answer questions about how the type size appears today but also ifthere is a problem and how, on this particular aspect, web design should develop.Sweden is among the best in the world when it comes to readers of newspapersper capita (World press trends 2014). Right now web design in newspapers is at crossroads and an overview of the situation should be of great interest.