abstract: This dissertation identified ideas and prototypes framing the notion of “preschool” in two types of influential public discourses in Arizona during the 1987-2014: a) editorials, op-editorials, and opinion letters appearing in the Arizona Republic and Arizona Daily Star and b) political documents, including Senate and House Committee Meeting Notes and Comments, Gubernatorial Speeches, Executive Orders, Comments, Proclamations, Memos, and Press Releases. Seventy seven newspaper articles and 43 political documents that substantively addressed debates about preschool in Arizona were identified from an initial pool of 631 documents, of which, 568 were newspaper articles and 63 were political documents. This dissertation argues little progress can be made in education policy by ignoring the unconscious and automatic levels of thinking, which are not easily dissuaded with rational and factual arguments. Haas and Fischman’s (2010) model for identifying prototypes provided an analytical method to capture the richness and diversity of the educational policy debate about preschool in Arizona. Prototypes captured the values, ideologies and attitudes behind the discourse of “preschool.” Prototypes provide a window into the unconscious thoughts of the authors of the editorials, op-editorials, opinion letters and political documents. This research identified five newspaper prototypes: “Last Resort,” “Community and Family,” “Evidence-Based for At-Risk Children,” “New Knowledge Community,” and “Learner of 21st Century.” It also identified four political political prototypes: ,three of them (“Community and Family,” “Evidence-Based for At-Risk Children,” “Learner of 21st Century”) were aligned with the newspaper prototypes. The fourth prototype was “Arizona Citizen.” This research concluded that: (1) Multiple “truths” of the concept of “preschool in the newspaper and political documents existed between 1987 and 2014, (2) An inter-relational cross-over existed between the newspaper and political documents effecting the policy debate of preschool, and (3) In less than 30 years, the newspaper and political prototypes narrowed to one. Movement away from the rational policy model, and a broader use of prototypes and discourse analysis in education policymaking, is advocated. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_lj_me_bauru.pdf: 575339 bytes, checksum: ea27f55f5e049428f65657c7cd8ecc00 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / De que forma se configura o que tem se chamado de crise do jornalismo impresso, o cenário e os dados sobre a mídia impressa contemporânea, que tenta se reposicionar em tempos de novos suportes midiáticos, são, a princípio momento, relacionados nesse trabalho nesse trabalho. Ao apresentar as estratégias e inovações de revistas e jornais impressos nacionais para atrair leitores, chega-se às aproximações entre jornalismo e literatura. A acuidade com o texto utilizando recursos comuns à literatura é entendida nesse trabalho como uma das possibilidades para colaborar com a repaginação dos jornais impressos diários. É nesse ponto que a realização jornalística de Eliane Brum é analisada. Sob a perspectiva da linguagem adotada pela jornalista e sob a temática escolhida para suas reportagens, os textos de Eliane Brum são debatidos. A partir dos conceitos da teoria literária e de argumentos de pesquisadores que estudam de que forma a aproximação entre jornalismo e literatura pode colaborar para levar os leitores de volta às páginas dos jornais, defende-se a produção de textos onde o jornalismo e o literário se aproximam e se mesclam. Ao final, é feita uma breve discussão sobre a forma com que o estímulo para a produção jornalística com traços da literatura poderia acontecer nos cursos de jornalismo / In what is configure what has been called the crisis of newspaper journalism, the scenery and the data on the contemporary print media, which tries to reposition itself in times of new media supports, are, at the fisrt moment, in this related work. By presenting the strategies and innovations in national magazines and newspapers to attract readers, arrive at the similarities between journalism and literature. The acuity with the text using common features to the literature is understood in this work as one of the possibilities to collaborate with the makeover of the daily newspapers. It is here that the journalistic implementation of Eliane Brum is analyzed. From the perspective of the language adopted by the journalist and under the theme chose for its stories, the texts by Eliane Brum are debated. From the concepts of literary theory and arguments of researchers who study how the approach between journalism and literature can collaborate to bring readers back to the pages of newspapers, defends the production of texts in which journalism and literary approach and mingle. In the end, is a brief discussion about the way that the stimulus for the journalistic production with traces of literature could happen in journalism courses

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The purpose of this study is to determine what educational values, if any, for the student and the elementary school may be derived from the school's sponsoring of a newspaper.

Bakgrund och problem: I samma takt som sociala medier växer har också nya marknadsföringsstrategier tillkommit. Vi får reklam från människor som vi själva har valt att följa som gör samarbeten med företag i sociala medier, så kallat influencer marketing. Samtidigt har vi blivit allt mer immuna mot all form av reklam där en ny generation av konsumenter vuxit fram med en högre grad av skepticism och högre krav än tidigare. Syfte: Syftet med den här rapporten är att undersöka hur vi påverkas av influencer marketing i sociala medier i jämförelse med traditionell marknadsföring samt ta reda på vilka som påverkas mest, generation X eller Y. Metod: Denna studie är kvantitativ där vi använt oss utav enkätundersökning med två enkäter, en för influencers i sociala medier och en för traditionell marknadsföring. I enkäterna ställde vi förutom frågor kring respondenternas påverkan av influencer marketing gentemot traditionell marknadsföring även frågor kring hur respondenten tror att andra personer blir påverkade. Vi fick in 99 respektive 121 svar. Vår empiri har vi analyserat utifrån relevanta teorier. Slutsats: Resultatet av undersökningen var att respondenternas egen uppfattning var att de inte påverkas märkbart av någon av de olika marknadsföringsstrategierna. Den enda skillnaden mellan influencer marketing och traditionell marknadsföring som vi statistiskt kunde säkerställa var att vi använder oss mer utav influencers för att hitta information som kan knytas till status. Vi kan också se en tendens att vi påverkas mer av influencer marketing än traditionella medier, vilket våra teorier stödjer. Gällande vilka som påverkas mest, generation X eller generation Y, så blir svaret att generation Y tycks påverkas något mer eftersom denna generation påverkas mer av influencers, men lika lite som generation X av traditionella medier. Generation Y är mer mottagliga för budskap från personer de litar på vilket stödjer resultatet, men sägs också ha en högre skepticismmot reklam överlag vilket talar emot resultatet på i vår studie. / Background and problem: As social media quickly is growing, so is new marketing strategies. People now get advertising from people they have chosen to follow who do business with companies, so called influencer marketing. At the same time, people now are becoming immune to all forms of advertising where there is a new generation of consumers with a higher degree of skepticism and higher demands than before. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how we are influenced by influencer marketing compared to traditional marketing and to find which are most affected, generation X or Y. Method: This study is quantitative where we used a survey of two questionnaires, one for influencer marketing and one for traditional marketing. In the questionnaires, we asked questions about the respondents influence on influencing marketing and traditional marketing as well as questions about how if respondents believe other people are affected. We received 99 and 121 answers. Our empirical studies have been analyzed based on relevant theories. Conclusion: The result of the survey was that the respondents’ own opinion was that they were not significantly affected by any of the marketing strategies. The only statistically significant difference between influencer marketing and traditional marketing was that we use influencers more to find information that can be linked our status. We can also see a tendency that we are influenced more by influencer marketing than traditional media, which our theories support. Regarding those who are affected most, generation X or generation Y, the answer is that generation Y seems to be affected slightly more because this generation is influenced more by influencers, but as much as generation X of traditional media. Generation Y is more susceptible to messages from people they trust which supports the results but is also said to have a higher skepticism against advertising overall, which is against the outcome of our study.

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In the autumn of 2015 a huge amount of refugees were on the run to Sweden. The news media described the situation as a refugee crisis and border controls were initiated. The aim of this study was to examine how two Swedish newspapers, one national and one local, portrayed refugees at the time when the border controls were initiated in Sweden. The questions examined were: How are the refugees portrayed, what are the similarities and differences between Dagens Nyheter and Sydsvenskan’s portrayal of the refugees? To approach this we made two different analysis of reports from each newspaper, three from Dagens Nyheter and two from Sydsvenskan. We did a framing analysis on the text and a semiotic analysis on the pictures. Findings show that the portrayal of refugees are very similar in both newspapers. The refugees are described as inferior, but at the same time brave, well-educated and hopeful. We also found that refugees often are portrayed as “the others” and the citizens of Sweden are portrayed as “we”. Although the similarities outweighs, we found some interesting differences in the newspapers portrayal of the refugees. For example, in Dagens Nyheter the hopefulness is combined with a positive and joyful approach, while Sydsvenskan describes the hope with an uncertainty and concern about the future.

by Kwok Chun-yau. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1981. / Bibliography: leaves i-xiii.

稿本 / 論文(碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院新聞與傳播學部,1992. / 參考文獻: leaves 75-76 / 阮紀宏. / Chapter (一) --- 研究目的與意義 --- p.1 / Chapter (二) --- 《有所謂報》的創刊年代與鄭貫公 / Chapter 2.1 --- 中國的國勢 --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- 本世紀初香港的狀况 --- p.5 / Chapter 2.3 --- 鄭貫公傳略 --- p.7 / Chapter (三） --- 《有所謂報》 / Chapter 3.1 --- 有關《有所謂報》的描述 --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2 --- 面對同業競爭 --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3 --- 廣告與發行 --- p.17 / Chapter 3.4 --- 《有所謂報》的編排與欄目 --- p.20 / Chapter 3.5 --- 《有所謂報》的文體 --- p.22 / Chapter (四） --- 《有所謂報》與《中國日報》的論戰 / Chapter 4.1 --- 拒約運動的由來始末 --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2 --- 香港與拒約運動 --- p.32 / Chapter 4.3 --- 報界與拒約運動 --- p.35 / Chapter 4.4 --- 《有所謂報》與拒約運動 --- p.38 / Chapter 4.5 --- 論戰的由來 --- p.39 / Chapter 4.6 --- 論戰的焦點 --- p.40 / Chapter 4.7 --- 《有所謂報》論戰手法種種 --- p.49 / Chapter 4.8 --- 有關論戰的討論 --- p.54 / Chapter (五） --- 結論 --- p.60 / 附録： / Chapter (1) --- 《有所謂報》在論戰期間刊登的有關文章目 録 --- p.64 / Chapter (2) --- 參考書目 --- p.75