Due to the limited studies related to healthcare services future expanding demand, required resources and utilities, and related environmental and economic challenges; this research is carried out to complement other researchers in other economic sectors to identify the gaps, highlight good potentials of sustainability achievements and recommend necessary actions. This research investigates the future expanding demand of healthcare services; the environmental and economic challenges related to this expand and its environmental and economic impacts and the opportunities to overcome these impacts in order to improve healthcare services sustainability and performance. The research follows a SLR to discover earlier works related to environmental sustainability in buildings and healthcare facilities. The environmental challenges related to expanding in healthcare facilities found in the literature are increase in energy consumption and waste generation. The environmental impacts related to these challenges are excessive CO2 and GHG emissions. The economic impacts are escalations of project expenditures, operating expenditures and utilities expenditures. The research uses SD Analysis, as a methodological approach, to framework and understands different healthcare system elements and to develop models that are representing the dynamic relations between these elements. Bahrain healthcare system is selected as a research context due to the availability of good quality healthcare secondary data, the small size of the country that makes it a good model to implement and test new concepts, the limited country resources, and the country keenness to implement sustainability plans to meet sustainability objectives. This research numerically tests and subsequently, supports the implication of stated environmental and economic challenges. It also develops a number of important technical parameters and indicators such as energy and water benchmarks for different healthcare facilities. The research also determines another two sources of environmental challenges related to expanding in healthcare facilities. The first challenge is excessive water consumption. Availability of enough treated water for healthcare applications, especially in countries with limited fresh water resources and depending on 90% of its water need on desalination like Bahrain, a tangible environmental challenge needs to be addressed. The second one is a group of environmental challenges related to the practicing of healthcare services that can expose personnel and environment to high risks. These challenges need to be efficiently managed to improve the environmental sustainability and the social sustainability of healthcare facilities. The research also investigates the effectiveness of a number of mitigation measures used to overcome the environmental and economic negative impacts, such as using energy efficiency technologies, renewable-based energy resources and waste energy recovery. In this regard, the research numerically tests and subsequently supports the implication of stated environmental and economic impacts and the effectiveness of tested measures in mitigating the undesirable results on healthcare facilities. The developed SD Model, as one of the main contributions of this research, is considered as a strategic planning and decision-making administrative tools to forecast future healthcare facilities demand and required resources. It is also considered as a risk assessment tool to assess environmental challenges related to utilities and its environmental and economic impacts in order to improve healthcare facilities sustainability and performance. The potential of utilities saving and utilities expenditures saving in healthcare buildings are high and it is recommended to work toward energy efficiency and renewable energy deployment to achieve sustainable healthcare buildings. Recovery of energy from Medical Waste incineration to be kept under consideration as it is offsetting double the quantity of CO2e emissions resulting from the incineration process. Safe recycling of wastewater of some healthcare processes is highly recommended as it can reduce water consumption and contributes to the reduction of healthcare facilities CO2e emissions. Sources of gray water and gray water applications must be carefully selected to avoid any contradiction with Infection Control regulations or other healthcare regulations. It is recommended to conduct utilities assessment studies on wide sample of healthcare facilities to avoid low peaks and odd operation periods.

Essa dissertação teve como objetivos gerais (i) compreender as motivações que levam uma empresa a buscar a responsabilidade social e ambiental corporativa (RSAC), além de (ii) realizar um prognóstico elucidando os principais benefícios, desafios e fatores críticos de sucesso para uma empresa que deseja implementar a filosofia Lixo Zero em suas rotinas. Para atingir o primeiro objetivo foi proposto um questionário contendo as motivações comumente encontradas na bibliografia, o qual foi encaminhando para empresas de diversos portes e segmentos no Brasil. Os resultados apontam como principais motivações para RSAC no Brasil: atender às legislações e regulamentos nacionais (citado por 87% das empresas respondentes), buscar o reconhecimento de Empresa Sustentável e valorização da marca (62%), contribuir para a proteção ao meio ambiente e controle da poluição (58%), buscar a redução na geração de resíduos (53%) e diferenciar-se das demais empresas do segmento (47%). Foi identificado que essas motivações são representativas do cenário analisado, independentemente das características individuais de cada empresa como: porte, apoio da liderança, região, segmento industrial, atuação no mercado (local, nacional ou internacional) e cliente final da empresa, conforme indicado pelo teste Qui-Quadrado e Kolmogorov-Smirnov, contrariando os resultados verificados na bibliografia existente. Com o objetivo de atender ao segundo objetivo, primeiramente foi realizado uma revisão sistemática da literatura para compilar conceitos, princípios, ações, benefícios, desafios e fatores críticos de sucesso advindos da implementação do ZW em diferentes cenários. Tendo como base a compilação apresentada, foi conduzido um estudo de caso em uma metalúrgica de pequeno porte, localizada na região do Vale dos Sinos, no Brasil, com o intuito de identificar quais itens se relacionavam com a realidade da empresa em questão. Foram identificados 12 benefícios passíveis de serem obtidos através da implantação da filosofia ZW na empresa em questão, 9 desafios a serem suplantados durante a implantação e 21 fatores críticos de sucesso, imprescindíveis para o pleno atingimento das metas propostas pelo ZW. O presente estudo apresenta discussões sobre aspectos que necessitam ser desenvolvidos no cenário Brasileiro, de forma a incentivar e proporcionar a estrutura adequada para operacionalização da filosofia ZW corroborando para consolidação desta filosofia como referência em modelo de gestão de resíduos no cenário empresarial. / This study's main objectives were (i) to understand the main drivers leading Corporate Social Environmental Responsibility (CSER) and (ii) to do an analysis in order to elucidate the key benefits, challenges and critical success factors for a company applying Zero Waste into their process. To achieve the first objective, this research has proposed a questionnaire containing the drivers for CSER presented in the literature, which has sent to several companies from different segments and sizes in Brazil. The results indicate these main drivers for CSER in Brazil: meet national laws and regulations (cited by 87% of responding companies), seek recognition of Sustainable Enterprise and brand enhancement (62%), contributing to the protection of the environment and pollution control (58%), seek to reduce the generation of waste (53%) and differentiate itself from other companies in the sector (47%). It was identified that the drivers found for CSER are representative of the sample, regardless of the size, the leadership, the region, the industrial segment, the market activities (local, national or international), and the end customer of the company, as indicated by Qui-quadrado and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, contrary to the findings on literature. In order to achieve the second objective, it has performed a systematic review of the literature for compile concepts, principles, actions, benefits, challenges and critical success factors from the implementation of the ZW in different scenarios. Based on this compilation, it was conducted a case study in a small metallurgical, located in the Vale dos Sinos region, in Brazil, in order to identify which items were related to the company’s scenario. For this company, twelve benefits were identified, which can be achieved through ZW implementation, nine challenges were found to be overcome, and twenty-one critical success factors were identified, which are essential to achieve the goals proposed by the ZW. This study advocates some aspects that should be developed in the Brazilian scenario in order to support ZW implementation, corroborating to consolidate this philosophy as reference in waste management model in business scenario.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-08-10T18:51:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Flavio Medina.pdf: 2310413 bytes, checksum: dd66f36818bc8ed6637e9efb81ae1c5a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-09-04T13:35:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Flavio Medina.pdf: 2310413 bytes, checksum: dd66f36818bc8ed6637e9efb81ae1c5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-04T13:35:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Flavio Medina.pdf: 2310413 bytes, checksum: dd66f36818bc8ed6637e9efb81ae1c5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / A indústria farmacêutica é considerada uma grande geradora de resíduos, sendo motivo de diversas discussões quanto à necessidade de se buscar o desenvolvimento sustentável. As ações com o objetivo de melhorar esta situação podem acontecer nas várias etapas do processo de produção de medicamentos. Por este motivo, é fundamental estudar a relação entre a causa e o efeito na realização de atividades dentro das organizações que fabricam medicamentos, entre outras atividades que são realizadas dentro da operação. Imputa-se a isto, a necessidade de compreensão de fatores que levam ao tratamento da questão ambiental no processo produtivo, levando em consideração os resíduos que são gerados durante a produção e os resíduos do pós-consumo. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o manejo, tratamento e descarte dos resíduos gerados durante o processo produtivo dos medicamentos e dos medicamentos que não serão mais utilizados no laboratório farmacêutico de Farmanguinhos (FIOCRUZ), assim como as sobras de medicamentos geradas no pós-consumo. Para isso, foram referenciados os seguintes tópicos: meio-ambiente; sustentabilidade; responsabilidade social; produção mais limpa; cenários da indústria farmacêutica; gestão da cadeia produtiva e da cadeia de suprimentos na indústria farmacêutica; resíduos sólidos farmacêuticos. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada por meio da abordagem qualitativa no laboratório farmacêutico de Farmanguinhos, uma unidade da FIOCRUZ, através de pesquisa documental e visitas técnicas. Os dados foram tratados através da análise de conteúdo. Conclui-se que Farmanguinhos tem uma preocupação considerável com a sustentabilidade e com a responsabilidade social, tentando minimizar os impactos ambientais e realizando diversos projetos sociais. A Unidade possui um centro de Tratamentos de Efluentes (ETE) e um Centro de Tecnologia Ambiental (CTA), além de tratar seus resíduos sólidos de acordo com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), tendo como destinação final a incineração e aterros sanitários. Constatou-se que ainda não existe um sistema implementado para o recolhimento de medicamentos gerados no pós-consumo. / The pharmaceutical industry is considered a great generator of waste, and is the subject of several discussions about the need for sustainable development solutions. Actions to improve this situation may take place at the various stages of the drug production process. For this reason, it is fundamental to study the cause and effect relationship in performing activities within organizations that manufacture drugs, among other activities that are performed within the operation. This entails the need to understand the environmental issues related to the production process, taking into consideration the residues that are generated during production as well as post-consumption residues. The objective of the present study is to analyze the management, treatment, and disposal of residues generated during the drug production process and of drugs which will no longer be used in the Farmanguinhos pharmaceutical laboratory (FIOCRUZ), as well as the leftovers of medicines generated in post-consumption. For this, the following topics were referenced: environment; sustainability; social responsibility; cleaner production; scenarios of the pharmaceutical industry; Management of the supply chain and supply chain in the pharmaceutical industry; Solid pharmaceutical waste. Field research was carried out through a qualitative approach in the pharmaceutical laboratory of Farmanguinhos, a unit of FIOCRUZ, through documentary research and technical visits. Data were treated through content analysis. It is concluded that Farmanguinhos has a considerable concern with sustainability and social responsibility, attempting to minimize environmental impacts and carrying out various social projects. The Unit has an Effluent Treatment Center (ETE) and an Environmental Technology Center (CTA), in addition to treating its solid waste in accordance with the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), with the final destination of incineration and sanitary landfills. It was verified that, as of yet, there are no systems implemented for the collection of medicines generated in post-consumption.

Orientador: Rosane Aparecida Gomes Battistelle / Banca: Adilson Renofio / Banca: Adriana Antunes Lopes / Resumo: O crescimento dos resíduos sólidos vem se transformando em um dos grandes desafios para os órgãos municipais, especialmente dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, decorrentes da indústria da construção civil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico do gerencimento deste tipo de resíduos na região metropolitana de São Paulo, baseando-se em informações fornecidas pelos órgãos envolvidos e em visitas a locais de armazenamento, triagem, reciclagem e disposição final. Esta investigação decorreu da necessidade de se avaliar estratégias para minimizar os impactos socioambientais negativos, acarretados por esses resíduos. Seu objetivo geral foi coletar dados que delineassem a realidade do descarte de resíduos da construção civil no município de São Paulo e gerar subsídios que pudessem servir de apoio aos agentes envolvidos. Teve também por objetivos específicos: identificar os pontos de descarte na região metropolitana de São Paulo e realizar, por meio de dados e informações obtidas junto a órgãos públicos e empresas privadas, uma estimativa da geração dos resíduos de construção civil nesses pontos. Como resultado, contabilizou-se valores na ordem de 1.366.460,17 t/mês. Conclui-se que há necessidade de uma maior valorização de todos os materiais que constituem as peças de uma construção , no sentido de que não ocorram sobras, nem desperdícios de matéria-prima. Recomenda-se a preservação das áreas de jazidas de materiais e minimização do uso desses locais para destinação final dos resíduos. / Abstract: The growth of solid waste has become one of the greatest challenges for the public authorities, in particular the management of solid urban waste resulting from the construction industry. The purpose of this work is to perfom a diagnosis of the management of this type of waste in the greater São Paulo. This study is based on information supplied by the involved agencies, as well as visits to storage, separation, recycling and final disposition sites. Such investigation results from the need to evaluate strategies to minimize negative social and environmental impacts caused by such waste. The goal was to raise general data to draw the reality of disposal of waste from construction in the municipality of São Paulo and generate subsidies that could serve as a support for the agents involved. He had also by specific objectives: to identify the points of disposal in the greater São Paulo and carry through data and information from the public agencies and private companies, an estimate of the generation of waste from construction at such points. The data totalize a generation of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) of 1.366.460,17 metric tons/month in the city of São Paulo. In conclusion, one can mention the need to increase the value of all materials used as construction elements so that no unused materials remain nor raw materials are wasted. It is recommended to preserve the extraction sites of the materials and limit the use of these sites as final waste destination. / Mestre

This diploma thehis is focused on the financing of public services in municipalities in the Czech Republic related to demographic changes, which take place in the Czech Republic. As is generally known, population in the Czech Republic ages. But the aging is only one of the factors influencing the demographics. The goal is to assess the impact of demographic changes on municipal expenditures associated mainly with municipal waste management, but also to the overall municipal relationship to the environment. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the public municipal services and demographics in the Czech Republic in time and also deals with the system of financing these services, whether the municipality's own resources, e. g. the property taxes, or other funds from the state budget or from the EU funds. The second, practical part, is formed as a case study including specific data from specific municipality. It contains detailed information about municipality's waste management and about population growth in Karvina city during the specific time period.

La gestion des déchets ménagers concentre des enjeux opérationnels, stratégiques et environnementaux. On observe depuis quelques années une montée en puissance des dispositifs de quantification des impacts environnementaux, qui ajoutent l’espace du calcul environnemental aux espaces déjà constitués et instrumentés des calculs techniques et économiques. Différents outils d’évaluation environnementale peuvent être utilisés tels que l’Empreinte Écologique, le Bilan Carbone ou encore l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV). Au regard de sa capacité à évaluer des enjeux globaux et multiples, l’ACV est l’outil le plus souvent utilisé. L’ACV évalue les impacts environnementaux potentiels d’un système (produit ou service) en identifiant et en quantifiant les entrants et les sortants de ce système et en les traduisant en impacts environnementaux potentiels. Elle évalue de manière pertinente les impacts globaux, tels que le changement climatique ou la déplétion de la couche d’ozone, mais est peu adaptée à une évaluation des impacts locaux tels que l’acidification, l’eutrophisation ou encore la toxicité du fait de la nécessaire finesse de prise en compte des conditions de l’émission engendrant potentiellement ces impacts. Ce travail de thèse vise à développer une méthodologie d’évaluation « spatialisée » des impacts environnementaux locaux que sont la toxicité (ou atteinte à la santé humaine) et les odeurs et leur intégration à la méthodologie d’ACV. L’intérêt et les limites de ce développement méthodologique sont mis en évidence dans une application de l’évaluation des performances environnementales de systèmes de gestion des déchets municipaux, secteur d’activité soumis à une évaluation environnementale systématique lors de la planification départementale et théâtre de nombreuses controverses dont l’évaluation des impacts locaux est souvent le cœur. La méthodologie d’évaluation développée dans le cadre de cette thèse repose sur l’approche Site Dependent (modélisation de l’impact en considérant les caractéristiques spatio-temporelles de la source d’émission et du milieu impacté) et permet de prendre en compte le devenir de la substance et les conditions d’exposition pour déterminer, dans un premier temps, l’occurrence de l’impact et, dans un deuxième temps, son intensité. Ce développement méthodologique, pour intégrer la différenciation spatiale lors de l’évaluation des impacts, est appliqué à deux impacts locaux reflétant des problématiques locales fortes pour beaucoup de secteurs industriels mais notamment pour le secteur du traitement des déchets : la toxicité et les odeurs. Concernant l’évaluation de la toxicité, il s’agit de caractériser l’impact de manière plus robuste que cela est classiquement fait en ACV en intégrant les caractéristiques spatiales. Pour l’impact odeurs, il s’agit de construire une première voie vers la quantification de cet impact, non évalué par les outils génériques d’évaluation environnementale. / Municipal solid waste management focuses operational, strategic and environmental issues. We observed recently a development of measures to assess environmental impacts, which add the environmental impact to technical and economical calculations. Different environmental assessment tools can be used such as the Ecological Footprint, Carbon Footprint or Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Due to its ability to assess global and multiple issues, LCA is most often used. LCA assesses potential environmental impacts of a system or a product identifying and quantifying inputs and outputs of the system and converting them into potential environmental impacts. LCA is a relevant method to assess global impacts such as climate change or ozone layer depletion. But this method is not suitable to assess local impacts such as acidification, eutrophication or human toxicity due to the required precision to take into account the conditions of emission that potentially cause the impacts. This PhD work aims to develop a methodology of spatial assessment for two local environmental impacts (human toxicity and odours) and their integration to LCA. Advantages and limitations of this development are highlighted in the assessment of environmental performances of municipal solid waste systems. This sector is subjected to systematic environmental assessment during administrative planning and is prone the numerous controversies in which assessment of local impacts is often the heart of the matter. The methodology developed is based on the Site Dependent approach (modeling of impact with consideration of spatial and temporal characteristics of the emission source and the impacted environmental) and allows to take into account the fate of the substance and the exposure conditions to determine firstly the occurrence of the impact and secondly its intensity. This methodology aiming to integrate spatial differentiation in assessment of impacts, is applied to two local impacts reflecting strong local issues for many sectors, but particularly in the sector of waste treatment: human toxicity and odours. For the human toxicity assessment, the aim is to characterize impacts in more solid way than in conventional LCA that integrates spatial characteristics. For impact odour, the aim is to develop a first approach to quantify this impact, but not assessed by generic tools used for environmental assessment.

A presente pesquisa tem por foco a intervenção da técnica e da ciência na transformação de determinado ambiente. Para tanto foi escolhida para objeto de análise a atuação da Comissão Federal de Saneamento da Baixada Fluminense. Formada exclusivamente por engenheiros, a Comissão, possibilitou o estudo desta categoria profissional num campo ainda pouco abordado pela literatura: a relação entre os engenheiros e o saneamento em regiões rurais. A trajetória profissional do Engenheiro Fábio Hostílio de Moraes Rego, engenheiro responsável pela Comissão, é apresentada no propósito de evidenciar o contexto técnico e científico que justificou as escolhas de intervenção realizadas durante o período de atuação da CFSBF. Além de destacar características peculiares à carreira de um politécnico, são buscados na história profissional de Moraes Rego, elementos que fundamentassem sua nomeação para o cargo de chefia da Comissão. Assim, procedeu-se a um estudo acerca da atuação dos engenheiros no saneamento de áreas rurais durante o período da Primeira República, com os seguintes objetivos: analisar o processo de formação e instauração da CFSBF, bem como seus trabalhos realizados (1910-1916); contribuir para a historiografia da região da Baixada Fluminense, considerando a história ambiental da região; e finalmente, contribuir para a historiografia da engenharia no Brasil. / The focus of this research is the intervention of technology and science in the transformation of a given environment. For this purpose, the actions of the Federal Commission on Waste Management of the Baixada Fluminese were chosen. Made up exclusively of engineers, the Commission made possible the study of this professional field in a sector as yet little covered in the literature: the relationship between engineers and waste management in rural areas. The professional history of the engineer Fábio Hostílio de Moraes Rego, the head engineering expert on the Commission, is presented for the purpose of showcasing the technical and scientific context that justified the choices of types of intervention carried out during the period of activity of the CFSBF. In addition to highlighting characteristics particular to the career of a polytechnic, elements of Moraes de Rego\'s career that were the basis for his nomination as head of the Commission are brought out. There thus results a study of the activities of the engineers in waste management in rural areas during the time of the First Republic, with the following objectives: to analyze the process of constituting and setting up the CFSBF, along with the projects it carried out (1910-1916); to contribute to the historic records of the region of the Baixada Fluminense, from the point of view of it\'s environmental history; and lastly, to contribute to the recorded history of engineering in Brazil.

O descarte de medicamentos envolve dois fluxos: o fluxo institucional, dos resíduos de fármacos, classificados como resíduos de serviços de saúde, utilizados na indústria e nas instituições de saúde; e o fluxo domiciliar, dos medicamentos vencidos/em desuso em poder da população. O descarte dos resíduos de medicamentos de origem domiciliar pode ser promovido pela logística reversa, onde este tipo de resíduo é devolvido ao setor empresarial para destinação final ambientalmente segura. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as estratégias mais viáveis para operacionalização da logística reversa de medicamentos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa. As estratégias foram avaliadas junto a atores da cadeia de valor farmacêutica: representantes do poder público, da indústria e distribuição farmacêutica, e consumidores/potenciais consumidores de medicamentos. Foram elaborados três questionários de avaliação de estratégias segundo seis critérios: mediação (articulação entre atores da cadeia produtiva farmacêutica por meio de políticas públicas); fiscalização (das ações); complexidade (de implantação e operacionalização); custos (de implantação e manutenção); adesão (potencialidade de ser inserida no cotidiano da população) e abrangência (potencialidade de alcançar a população). As estratégias foram hierarquizadas em ordem decrescente de viabilidade: rientações à população por profissionais de saúde, farmácias e internet, sinalização de informações nas embalagens e bulas de medicamentos, campanhas publicitárias e de educação ambiental e a disponibilização de postos de entrega voluntária. Os resultados poderão contribuir para a operacionalização de um sistema de logística reversa de medicamentos, considerando todos os atores envolvidos e buscando conciliar suas necessidades, possibilidades, limitações e interesses / The medication disposal involves two settings: the institutional setting, waste of drugs, classified as medical waste, used in industry and healthcare facilities; and the household setting of expired/unused medicines at home. Disposal of medicine waste can be promoted by reverse logistics, where the waste is returned to the business sector to environmentally safe disposal. This study aimed to identify feasible reverse logistics strategies for medicine waste. It is an exploratory, descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The strategies were assessed by representatives of government, industry and pharmaceutical distribution, and consumers/potential consumers of medicines. We constructed three questionnaires to strategies assessment according to six criteria: mediation (articulation among actors of the pharmaceutical supply chain by means of public policies); inspection (of initiatives); complexity (set up and operation); costs (implementation and maintenance); adherence (potential to be inserted into the daily life of the population) and scope (potential to reach the population). The strategies were hierarchize in decrescent order of feasibility: information to people provided by health professionals, pharmacies and internet; signaling information on the packages and leaflet of medicines; advertising and environmental education campaigns; and the provision of waste stations for people to deliver medicine waste. The results can contribute to implement a reverse logistics system for medicine waste, considering all stakeholders in an attempt to reconcile their needs, possibilities, limitations and interests

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-11T20:37:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LuanaOliveira.pdf: 794704 bytes, checksum: 3f1d91b8a1b80a262ace702ca551779d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T20:37:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuanaOliveira.pdf: 794704 bytes, checksum: 3f1d91b8a1b80a262ace702ca551779d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / Waste of health services (RSS) are all waste generated in health establishments. When the hospital waste are managed inadequately in any of the stages, can cause pathological risks to public health and environmental destruction. Therefore, the nursing team stands out through its activities exercised, generating the greater part of the waste produced in the hospital. It has as objective to investigate the implementation of the waste of health services by the nursing team. Performed a cross-sectional analytical study, composed of 461 nursing team professionals of a large public hospital of the sphere of the state in the period of june 2014 to january 2016. The response variable was the management of RSS, classified as adequate management and inadequate handling, and independent variables were categorized into three groups: sociodemographic characteristics (distal), hospital routines (intermediate) and knowledge on the RSS (proximal). The non-adjusted analysis was performed and in the second phase, we used analysis adjusted hierarchical type. Were considered associated with the management of RSS those that presented pvalue <0,05. Of 461 nursing team professionals, 40,13% had 30 to 39 years old, 92,84% were female, 63,99% had <12 years of study, 54,88% were single, 63,12% with a family income of up to two minimum wages, 50,3% with 1-5 years of service time, the majority (78,04%) was nursing technician, and 63,99% make the management of RSS adequately. At the end of the hierarchical analysis remained protective association at the management of RSS, age of 20-29 years (PR= 0,90; p< 0,016) and schooling < 12 years of study (PR= 0,90, p< 0,021). The inadequate definition of RSS (RP= 1,30; p< 0,001) showed a statistically significant association with outcome. It is concluded that the knowledge about the RSS may influence the inadequate management. The inappropriate management is still a reality among nursing professionals, and highlights the importance of continued education and curricular changes for adequacy of reality found. / Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) são todos os resíduos gerados em estabelecimentos de saúde. Quando os resíduos hospitalares são gerenciados de forma inadequada em qualquer uma das etapas, podem causar riscos patológicos à saúde pública e a destruição ambiental. Logo, a equipe de enfermagem por meio de suas atividades exercidas, gera a maior parte dos resíduos produzidos no hospital. Tem-se como objetivo investigar o manejo de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde pela Equipe de Enfermagem. Realizou-se um estudo analítico transversal, constituído por 461 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital público de grande porte de esfera estadual no período de junho de 2014 a janeiro de 2016. A variável resposta foi o manejo dos RSS, que é a ação de gerenciar os resíduos em seus aspectos intra e extra estabelecimento, desde a geração até a disposição final. Foi realizada análise não ajustada e na segunda fase, utilizou-se análise ajustada do tipo hierarquizada. Foram consideradas associadas ao manejo dos RSS aquelas que apresentaram p-valor <0,05. Dos 461 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, 40,13% tinham 30 a 39 anos, 92,84% eram sexo feminino, 63,99% tinham <12 anos de estudo, 54,88% eram solteiros, 63,12% com renda familiar de até dois salários mínimos, 50,3% com 1-5 anos de tempo de serviço, a maioria (78,04%) era técnico de enfermagem, e 63,99% realizam o manejo dos RSS de maneira adequada. Ao final da análise hierarquizada mantiveram associação de risco ao manejo dos RSS, idade (RP= 1,0; p<0,010), formação acadêmica técnico de enfermagem (RP= 1,13; p< 0,013) e definição inadequada dos RSS (RP= 1,29; p< 0,001). Conclui-se que o conhecimento sobre os RSS podem estar influenciando no manejo inadequado. O manejo inadequado ainda é uma realidade entre os profissionais de enfermagem, e se ressalta a importância da educação continuada e de mudanças curriculares para adequação da realidade encontrada.

O conceito de prevenção da poluição, já abordado em estudos sobre efluentes e outros tipos de resíduos, deve se estender também à questão das embalagens utilizadas em indústrias. Isto porque, com o aumento na complexidade dos processos produtivos, as embalagens passaram a ser empregadas também para abrigar componentes durante a fabricação e o transporte, e não mais apenas para conter o produto final; assim, sua utilização pode acarretar a geração de grandes quantidades de resíduos, caso o princípio da prevenção não seja adotado. É neste quadro que o presente trabalho se insere: inicialmente, apresenta considerações relativas às embalagens e à evolução dos conceitos do gerenciamento de resíduos, destacando a presença da prevenção da poluição em norma ISO 14001 e em dispositivos legais do Brasil e de países da Comunidade Econômica Européia.Através de estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa montadora de motores localizada em São Carlos (SP), foram identificados procedimentos adequados à prevenção da poluição por embalagens de uso industrial, como a utilização de embalagens retornáveis; observou-se, no entanto, a geração de resíduos a partir de acessórios que acompanham as embalagens, como filmes e cintas plásticas. Por fim, a partir da escolha de um modelo de motor produzido na empresa, foram analisadas as embalagens cujos componentes estão envolvidos em sua fabricação; com os dados obtidos, foram propostos e determinados índices de desempenho relativos à ocorrência de descartes de acessórios em termos quantitativos e qualitativos, segundo o tipo de material / The increasing complexity of the production processes ended up leading to an increasing need for packages of several shapes and materials. They are nowadays used not only for finished products, but also during fabrication and transportation phases, in order to protect raw materials, components and semi-finished products. Thus, the use of packages may also result in the generation of waste during production processes. The historically-new trend of priorizing pollution-prevention activities must, of course include all the packaging used in the industry. However, studies of the possibilities of pollution prevention have been concentrated on the waste originated directly from the production processes (effluents, metal scrap). At same time, studies on the pollution prevention applied to packaging have been focused on the packaging of consumer goods. There's a need for researches on packaging-related waste generated indirectly by production processes. More specifically, one must evaluate the possibilities and results of the application of pollution prevention concepts to this kind of waste, so that it can be dealt with in a proper way, and the industrial sector be informed about the new waste management paradigm. Starting with basic packaging-related definitions, and a description of the evolution of solid waste management concepts, from disposal to pollution prevention, this work, through a case study, identifies procedures directed towards waste prevention e proposes some performance indicators, related to the amount of waste generated in the fabrication of one unit of product. It also presents and establishes a comparison between brazilian and european environmental laws