Thesis--M. Med. Sc., University of Hong Kong, 1984.

While the Cold War in Latin America has been examined from a variety of angles, the scholarship on Soviet-Latin American relations is thin, outdated, and based almost totally on published sources. Moreover, much of the literature is replete with misconceptions about the nature of the Soviet approach to the Western Hemisphere and the relationship between Moscow and its regional allies. Using a case study approach, and based on substantial research in the archives of the former Soviet Union, this dissertation argues that Moscow’s approach to Latin America was more cautious and pragmatic than ideological and messianic. Rather than attempting to extend their control over the region, the Soviets instead sought to pry Latin American regimes away from dependence on the United States and to encourage the region to adopt a non-aligned foreign policy. To a degree heretofore not sufficiently appreciated, this approach involved the clever use of international organizations, particularly the United Nations and the Non-Aligned Movement. Moreover, Latin American communists and Soviet sympathizers were hugely influential in shaping Moscow’s perceptions of the region and its relationship to the United States, and in pressuring Soviet leaders to provide more support to their regional allies. / text

The purpose of this study is to examine how the Swedish Young Conservatives related to Vietnam issue between 1965 and 1973 by studying the organization's own newspaper with the method qualitative text analysis as described in Esaiasson et al. (2007). In the absence of previous research which has studied the same topic we have chosen to relate the results of this study to previous studies, that have dealt with Svenska Dagbladet´s attitude to the Vietnam war, as it is the most well known conservative Swedish newspaper and can thus be considered representative of the conservative press in Sweden. In order to achieve the aim, we studied the association's view on the Vietnam conflict, on American policy and on the Swedish Government's policy as well as on Vietnam issue as discussed in Swedish public opinion.The results shows that Swedish Young Conservatives retains a positive image of the United States  for almost the entire investigation period, when the United States is seen as the good party in the conflict and as a symbol for democracy and freedom. A new and more negative image of the United States is emerging in 1972. The conflict is seen as the United States fight against communism until 1972, when a reassessment of the conflict takes place and the United States presence in Vietnam is beginning to be questioned. The result also shows that the Swedish Young Consevatives remains critical of the Government's policy of Vietnam during the entire investigation period, in line with the moderate party. Key words: Vietnam War, Swedish Young Conservatives, Swedish conservative press, Swedish foreign politics.

Asphalt emulsions as an alternative for stabilizing base layers can be cost effective especially in cold regions where supplying hot mix is not economical. However, at low temperatures, Emulsion Aggregate Mixtures (EAM) show low strength at early ages and require a longer curing time for asphalt emulsions to break. In this study, a proposed dense-graded gravel base was treated with SS-1 emulsion. In order to evaluate early curing, one set of samples was cured at 5◦C and another at 24◦C. In addition, another set of samples was fully cured at 49◦C. Dynamic resilient modulus and permanent deformation tests were performed, and the durability of EAM was assessed through 10 freeze-thaw cycles. Furthermore, low-volume roads were designed with fully and partially cured EAMs. The achieved results from resistance tests, durability assessment and low volume road design identified that EAMs can be more appropriate for cold regions and that early low-strength can be compensated by aging asphalt binder. / October 2015

Detta är en undersökande uppsats om hur landströmsanslutningen har fungerat på Stena Vision under 2012-2013, angående kostnad och miljöpåverkan för att producera ström i land, istället för att producera ström ombord med fartygets generatorer. Genom att räkna fram avgasvärdena skapades en bild av hur stor miljöpåverkan generatordrift har. Naturvårdsverkets beräkningsmodell användes för att få en så exakt beräkning som möjligt och för att jämföra avgasutsläppet mot den globala miljöpåverkan. Stena Vision minskade sina utsläpp av växthusgaser med 290 ton per år genom att använda landströmsanslutningen. Det kunde även påvisas en minskning av CO2, SO2, NOx och PM10. Kostnaden för landströmmen varierar väldigt mycket från månad till månad. Detta är direkt orsakat av att nätavgiften är en stor del av kostnaden och vissa månader har inte landströmsanslutningen använts i den utsträckningen som man skulle ha kunnat. Att använda fartygets generatorer har kostat 1,47 SEK/kWh och att använda landströmsanslutningen har kostat 2,06 SEK/kWh. Genom att även ansluta Stena Spirit på den befintliga landströmsanläggningen gick kostnaden per kWh ner till 1,53 SEK/kWh för landström.

In 1952 Turkey was invited to become a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. This study examines the context of the Turkish demand for an American security guarantee and of American and British security interests in the Eastern Mediterranean in the late 1940s in the light of Cold War developments. The postwar weakness of Great Britain, who had until then guarantied the status quo in the area induced Ankara to tum to the United States as a guarantor of Turkish political independence and territorial integrity against a powerful Soviet Union. The Turks asked for a formal alliance with the Americans, but this proved to be a difficult task. In the eyes of American military and State Department officials Turkey was a barrier against Soviet penetration in the Middle East. Hence, it was thought necessary to strengthen her resistance to the Soviets through the provision of American military aid. However,, Washington was reluctant to stretch the United States' resources by extending its commitments to this area which was still thought to be a British military responsibility. Britain for her part responded to Turkish demands in accordance with her general interests in the Middle East. London regarded Turkey as a part of Middle East defence: hence, it favoured an American commitment to Turkey, but mainly as a means of getting the Americans involved in the area as a whole. The evolution of American military thinking regarding Europe and the Middle East in 1951, made Washington to revise its policies towards Ankara. The realisation of Turkey's importance for the organisation of defence both in Western Europe and the Middle East along with the fear that Turkey might turn neutral in the event of a conflict with the Soviet Union induced the Americans to meet Turkish demands in what appeared to be the easiest way, that is, inviting Turkey to join the Atlantic Alliance. The study concludes that in the late 1940s Ankara followed a pragmatic foreign policy. Turkish leaders had a clear perception of their country's interests and were particularly alert at exploiting the circumstances which would promote them. In contrast, the foreign policy of the United States towards the Eastern Mediterranean was still developing and lacked the determination of a great power. Britain, on the other hand, continued to plan like a great power although it was obvious that she was not in a position to do so any more.

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Methane emissions of 60 steers (321 ± 14 kg) fed isocaloric forage diets differing in crude protein (CP) content were measured at ambient daily temperatures averaging -17.5°C to determine if increased nitrogen status, measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), decrease CH4 as a percent of gross energy intake (% GEI) from backgrounding cattle. Average BUN concentrations (mmol L-1) were 0.81, 1.82, 3.05 and 3.51 (SE ± 0.108) for diets with 6.9% (low), 10.3% (adequate for rumen microbes), 11.1% (adequate for muscle growth) and 13.6% (excessive) CP respectively. Methane (% GEI) emissions decreased with increasing CP over time (P=0.04). Increasing CP content increased BUN levels and decreased methane emissions (% GEI). Although models were developed to predict CH4 emissions (% GEI) from steers and cows using a backward-elimination process, BUN accounted for only 0.7 to 5.7% of the partial R2 and therefore has limited value when modelling methane emission predictions. / February 2016

Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone / This paper will look at the current information concerning sustainable strategies. It will look at the ones that have been used in the past as well as the strategies that are currently being used. After studying the existing material on sustainable practices and strategies the next step will be looking at three primary sources and determining strategies that will be most useful. The first source that will be used is a professional working in the field. Secondly buildings that are located in a cold arid climate will be studied and finally a program called climate consultant. The recommendations from all three sources will be compiled in a list, organized by how many sources recommended each strategy. The strategies that have the most recommendations will be implemented into a residential single family building design for cold arid climates.

The influences of loading cholesterol into stallion spermatozoa membranes prior to cold storage or cryopreservation were determined using cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) before preservation, followed by the unloading of cholesterol after preservation using methyl beta cyclodextrin (MBCD). Experiment I: dose response trials determining optimal amounts of CLC and MBCD based on percentages of progressively motile spermatozoa (PMS) following preservation. Experiment II: influences of CLC and MBCD on PMS, the percentages of live intact (LI) and live non-intact (LNI) spermatozoa following cold storage. Experiment III: influences of CLC before cryopreservation and MBCD on PMS, LI, and LNI post-thaw. Addition of CLC improved (P<0.05) PMS and LI following preservation when compared to the control. Unloading cholesterol using MBCD does not alter PMS, LI nor LNI. Addition of CLC is beneficial to survival of spermatozoa following preservation and addition of MBCD in small amounts does not negatively influence PMS, LI or LNI.