A Case Study on Long-tail Risks and Risk Mitigation in Risk Management.   How can Allianz Global Corporate and Specialty (AGCS) make best use of risk mitigation measures for drafting product liability policy wordings? A case study on Triclosan as a possible Endocrine Disruptor with the potential for Mass Litigation.   With external forces, the insurance industry has been facing issues since before  9/11 but the evolvement of risk managers and risk management programs in organizations has become a standard for all corporations due to the realization of the potential impact these external forces and risks possibly possess. These programs have emerged to reduce the risk and uncertainty factor that organizations are facing. The factors have been identified in previous literature, as the regulation through authorities (Carroll et al., 2016), the customer relationship that to a certain degree even embraces risk (Kerr, 2016), the agency risk in risk taking (Eling & Marek, 2013). In terms to prepare for these risks, the corporations need to go through a rescaling of their business which was associated with the establishment of Risk Management Processes on all levels (Thislethwaite and Wood, 2018). As such, the rescaling in general can be seen as a Risk Management (RM) structure that would framework the communication of risk in a company.   The insurer AGCS is studied on its Risk Management (RM) processes, especially in the fourth phase of RM which is the phase of risk mitigation or reduction. Here it has previously been identified there being no other possible ethical actuarial mitigation methods for long-tail risks (Carroll et al., 2016). Therefore, a risk with such categories was studied with the study on Triclosan. Triclosan is a widely spread and commonly used chemical substance with certain and uncertain causations that can pose several risks with one of them being the possibility of mass litigation. The underwriter tool to mitigate such long-tail risks has been defined as the policy wording which can be used to create an optimal contract in the product liability insurance to reduce the risk of mass litigation.    To answer the above research question, this study has taken an interpretivist stance and the form of a quantitative study to follow the framework of Yin’s (2009) case study approach. With the goal to research the meaning behind a phenomenon, rather than to quantify a phenomenon, the use of semi structured interviews with experts of the insurance industry was conducted. These experts were found in the departments of Allianz Risk Consulting, Underwriting, and Claims.    The findings, similarly to the previous research that has been discussed in the introductory chapter, found that there are certain macro forces that shape the risk mitigation phase and here the influence on the policy wording within was touched upon. It was found that regulations do play a vital part and pose as leverage for the insurer and a pillar that would carry the weight of policy wording. It has further been identified that the costumer relationship and the costumer strength in the market are responsible for a functioning risk mitigation and also that certain demands stemming from the market, will shape the product liability insurance. While the more specific answer to the research question was, yes, the corporate insurer should cover triclosan related risks on a claims-made basis, with serial-loss clause and a retroactive date, there would be other factors that influence the policy wording. The grounded theory that has been established in this research is thus;    To manage liability insurance coverage for long-tail risks, product liability policy wording language needs to reflect main pillars as being used for comparable base materials. This includes but is not limited to claims made trigger, retro-active dates and other coverage elements. Macro forces and drivers of the policy wording, include but are not limited to, costumer strength, market demand, risk perception and market regulations. To ensure a successful risk management on an enterprise level for coverage of long-tail risks, the above factors have to be accounted for when offering product liability coverage.   Based on the aforementioned theory, Triclosan is a manageable risk from a corporate liability insurers perspective, hence insurance coverage can be given under product liability policy wordings.   Here it is proposed that further research be conducted on the identified macro forces and their impact on the product liability insurance and the more general RM in organizations. Also, it is proposed to research such a possible framework for including the costumer in the process of risk mitigation in terms of reducing the risks form where they start with the starting point being at the costumer. This is a future vision that as such would need further research to reach scientific saturation.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da densidade sobre o desempenho e o comportamento de leitões na fase de creche. Um total de 560 leitões desmamados (peso médio de 5,75 ± 0,9 kg e idade média de 20,92 ± 0,8 dias) foram aleatoriamente alojados em quatro tratamentos com diferentes densidades: T0,33, T0,28, T0,23 e T0,18 (0,33, 0,28, 0,23 e 0,18 m²/animal respectivamente). As baias continham 20 animais e a ração foi fornecida à vontade. As lesões de cauda e orelha foram graduadas em escores de 0 a 4 e o número de lesões de briga foram avaliados semanalmente. Dezesseis baias foram filmadas em três momentos (1ª, 4ª e 6ª semana de alojamento) para avaliação da frequência de brigas e de belly nosing. Foi observado um efeito linear da densidade sobre o ganho de peso diário (GPD; P=0,049), um efeito quadrático sobre o peso aos 42 dias (P=0,030) e uma tendência de efeito quadrático para o consumo médio diário (CMD; P=0,075). Não houve efeito da densidade na conversão alimentar (CA) e no coeficiente de variação (CV) do peso aos 42 dias. Foi observado um maior número de leitões apresentando lesões severas de orelha no grupo T0,18 quando comparado ao T0,33 (P = 0,019) e T0,28 (P = 0,056). Um maior número de animais com lesões moderadas ou severas foi observado no grupo T0,18 (P < 0,05) do que nos demais grupos para lesões de orelha, e do que T0,33 para lesões de cauda. Houve um efeito linear da densidade sobre a frequência de brigas, com uma maior ocorrência nos grupos com menos espaço. Contudo, não foi observado efeito sobre o número de lesões de briga ou de casos de belly nosing. Em conclusão, o aumento da densidade afetou negativamente o desempenho dos leitões, além de aumentar a ocorrência de comportamentos indesejáveis. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of space allowance on performance and behavior of nursery pigs. At weaning 560 pigs (5.75 ± 0.9 kg of body weight and 20.92 ± 0.8 days of age) were randomly assigned in four treatments with different stocking densities: T0.33, T0.28, T0.23 and T0.18 (0.33, 0.28, 0.23 and 0.18 m²/pig respectively). Pens were standardized to have the same group size (20 pigs/pen) and feed was provided ad libitum. Tail and ear biting lesions and the fighting lesions were weekly observed. Sixteen pens were videotaped in three different moments (1st, 4th and 6th housing week) and the frequency of fights and belly nosing were recorded. A linear effect was observed of stocking density on average daily gain (ADG; P=0.049), a quadratic effect and a quadratic tendency of effect were observed on body weight at 42 days after weaning and on average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P=0.030; P=0.075, respectively). There was no effect of stocking density on the gain:feed ratio or weight coefficient of variation (CV) at day 42. Higher graduation of severe ear lesions was observed in pigs from T0.18 when compared to T0.33 (P = 0.0196) and T0.28 (P = 0.056). A higher number of pigs with moderate or severe tail and ear lesions was observed in T0.18 (P > 0.05). Moreover, it was observed a linear effect of density on the frequency of fights, with higher occurrence in groups housed in restricted spaces. However, no effect of stocking density was observed on fight lesions or belly nosing among treatments. In conclusion, increased density negatively affected the performance of piglets and increased the occurrence of unsuitable behaviors.

É apresentado como problema atual na área de Publicidade e Propaganda a exibição de conteúdo personalizado para nichos específicos. A propaganda acaba se concentrando nos produtos de maior sucesso, tendo como foco alguns públicos-alvo previamente determinados. Assim, o estudo pretende avaliar um novo canal para exibição de propaganda em nível individual, através das perspectivas da Cauda Longa e da Realidade Aumentada (R.A.). O ponto principal desse trabalho é, portanto, mostrar a quantidade de nichos existentes e sugerir uma personalização da propaganda a um nível praticamente individual, como uma ligação direta entre produto e consumidor, usando como suporte tecnológico a R.A. A partir da análise de trabalhos de Romero Tori, Paul Milgram, Ronald Azuma, Cláudio Kirner, Robson Siscouto, Lúcia Santaella, entre outros autores, foi feita uma avaliação dos principais pontos de interesse da tecnologia de Realidade Aumentada para profissionais da área do Design. Discorrendo não só sobre suas características como também identificando problemas e questionamentos atuais, tanto para esses profissionais como para o consumidor final. A tese se enquadra na linha de pesquisa de Design e Tecnologia ao passo que os profissionais desta área de conhecimento são responsáveis diretos por pensar as formas de interação de modo que sejam mais orgânicas e intuitivas para os usuários. Existe muito trabalho a ser realizado, no tocante à Ergonomia e Usabilidade, nas soluções que usam a Realidade Aumentada, principalmente na forma como se dá a sobreposição da informação digital ao ambiente real capturado pela câmera e sua manipulação pelo indivíduo. / Show custom content for specific market segments is a current problem in the Advertising industry. The advertisement ends up prioritizing the most successful products, with the focus on some predetermined audiences. With that in mind, this study evaluates a new channel for advertising on an individual level, through the perspectives of the Long Tail and Augmented Reality (AR). For that reason, the main point of this work is demonstrate the amount of existing niches and suggest customized ads to an individual level, as a direct link between product and consumer, using as technological support AR. From the analysis of the authors Romero Tori, Paul Milgram, Ronald Azuma, Claudio Kirner, Robson Siscouto, Lucia Santaella, among others, an assessment was made about the main points of interest in AR to the field of professional designers. Reflecting not only about their characteristics as well as identifying current problems and questions , both for these professionals and to the final consumer. The work fits the Design and Technology area because their professionals are directly responsible for thinking ways of interaction in order to be more intuitive for users. There is much more work to be done with regards to Ergonomics and Usability in the solutions that use Augmented Reality, especially in the way the digital information overlays the environment captured by the camera and its manipulation by the individual.

No description available.

The biosynthesis of integral membrane proteins (IMPs) is an essential cellular process. IMPs comprise roughly 20-30% of the protein coding genes of all organisms, nearly all of which are inserted and assembled at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The defining structural feature of IMPs is one or more transmembrane domains (TMDs). TMDs are typically stretches of predominately hydrophobic amino acids that span the lipid bilayer of biological membranes as an alpha helix. TMDs are remarkably diverse in terms of their topological and biophysical properties. In order to accommodate this diversity, the cell has evolved different sets of machinery that cater to particular subsets of proteins. Our knowledge of how the TMDs of IMPs are selectively recognized, chaperoned into the lipid bilayer, and assembled remains incomplete. This thesis is broadly interested in investigating how TMDs are correctly inserted and assembled at the ER. To address this the biosynthesis of multi-pass IMPs was first considered. Multi-pass IMPs contain two to more than twenty TMDs, with TMDs that vary dramatically in terms of their biophysical properties such as hydrophobicity, length, and helical propensity. The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β1-AR), a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family was established as a model substrate in an in vitro system where the insertion and folding of its TMDs could be interrogated. Assembly of β1-AR is not a straightforward process, and current models of insertion fail to explain how the known translocation machinery correctly identifies, inserts, and assembles β1-AR TMDs. An in vivo screen in mammalian cells was therefore conducted to identify additional factors which may be important for multi-pass IMP assembly. The ER membrane protein complex (EMC), a well conserved ER-resident complex of unknown biochemical function, was identified as a promising hit potentially involved in this assembly process. The complexity of working with multi-pass IMPs in an in vitro system prompted the investigation of a simpler class of proteins. Tail-anchored proteins (TA) are characterized by a single C-terminal hydrophobic domain that anchors them into membranes. Though structurally simpler compared to multi-pass IMPs, the TMDs of TA proteins are similarly diverse. We found that known TA insertion pathways fail to engage low-to-moderately hydrophobic TMDs. Instead, these are chaperoned in the cytosol by calmodulin (CaM). Transient release from CaM allows substrates to sample the ER, where resident machinery mediates the insertion reaction. The EMC was shown to be necessary for the insertion of these substrates both in vivo and in vitro. Purified EMC in synthetic liposomes catalysed insertion of its TA substrates in a fully reconstituted system to near-native levels. Therefore, the EMC was rigorously established as a TMD insertase. This key functional insight may explain its critical role in the assembly of multi- pass IMPs – which is now amenable to biochemical dissection.

O presente trabalho avaliou a influência de lesões de caudofagia em suínos na terminação sobre o ganho de peso, variáveis sanitárias, ocorrência de lesões e condenações ao abate. O estudo foi realizado em quatro propriedades (PROP) de terminação de suínos. Para cada suíno com lesão de caudofagia foram selecionados dois controles, totalizando a avaliação dos seguintes números de animais: PROP1: 87; PROP2: 33; PROP3: 60; PROP4: 132. As lesões na cauda foram classificadas conforme o grau de severidade (escore de 0 a 4, sendo 0 normal e a severidade aumentando até os graus 2 e 3, e como grau 4 para lesões cicatrizadas). A cada uma de 4 a 6 avaliações (conforme a idade inicial do 1o diagnóstico do problema), os animais eram pesados e as lesões na cauda avaliadas. Em todas as propriedades, foi observada uma recuperação das lesões de caudofagia na terceira avaliação. Nas PROP 1 e 3, animais com lesões de escore 3 (severas) tiveram menor ganho de peso (P<0,05) comparados aos animais de escore 0. Além disso, na PROP3, animais com escore 3 foram menos pesados (P<0,05) ao abate do que aqueles de escore 0. A chance de animais com escore 3 terem artrite e apresentarem nódulos subcutâneos e/ou abscessos foi 25,5 e 30,4 vezes maior, respectivamente, em comparação aos animais com escore 0. Tanto animais com escore 2 (moderado) quanto os com escore 3 apresentaram maiores chances (P<0,05) de terem abscessos ou lesões pulmonares (pleurite e pneumonia embólica) em comparação aos animais sem lesão de cauda. Houve desvio ao Departamento de Inspeção Federal (DIF) de 21,6% (62/287) das carcaças, de animais com lesões e controles, sendo que a caudofagia foi a causa de 66,1% das condenações. Animais com lesões de escore 2 e 3 apresentaram 6,0 e 9,3 vezes maiores chances de terem suas carcaças desviadas ao DIF, respectivamente, comparados aos animais de escore 0. Os animais com lesões de caudofagia representaram 63,0% das carcaças que tiveram destino “não exportável” e 75,0% das carcaças com outros destinos. Considerando os percentuais aproximados de perdas relativas definidas pelo frigorífico visitado para as categorias de condenação (não-exportável, embutido, conserva e graxaria), isto representaria a perda de 15,58 animais (total de 18,12% entre os 86 animais que foram diagnosticados com caudofagia na granja). Isso permite concluir que, nas condições desse estudo, de cada 5 animais que são visualizados com canibalismo na terminação vai ocorrer a perda total de 1 no frigorífico. A esse prejuízo devem ser somados os animais que foram sacrificados nas granjas ou que vieram a morrer devido aos problemas causados pelas complicações das lesões na cauda. No estudo atual, foi possível determinar que, entre todos os que haviam apresentado lesões de canibalismo nas granjas, apenas dois mantinham lesões detectáveis externamente por ocasião do abate, o que pode ser explicado pela ocorrência muito precoce das lesões de caudofagia nos casos observados. Por outro lado, no abate desses animais do grupo com caudofagia, mas sem lesões externas no abate, foi observado um grande número de condenações por abscessos e lesões pulmonares. Isso sugere existir uma dicotomia entre as situações de campo e de frigorífico, reforçando a necessidade de uma melhor ligação entre esses contextos para estimar adequadamente o seu impacto. / The present work assessed the influence of tail biting lesions in finishing pigs in relation to weight gain, health, occurrence of lesions and carcass condemnation at slaughter. The study was carried out in four finishing units (PROP) and the following number of animals were assessed: PROP1: 87; PROP2: 33; PROP3: 60; PROP4: 132. To each animal with tail biting two controls were selected. Tail lesions were classified according the degrees of severity (scores from 0 to 4, 0 classified as normal and severity increasing until the degrees 2 and 3, and degree 4 meaning healed lesions). In each one of 4 to 6 visits (depending on the age of the 1st diagnosis of the problem), the animals were weighed and tail lesions assessed. In all farms, healing of tail lesions was observed in the third evaluation. In PROP 1 and 3, injured animals with score 3 showed smaller weight gain (P<0,05) when compared with animals with score 0. In PROP3, animals with score 3 were lighter (P<0,05) at slaughter than those with score 0. The chance for animals with score 3 to show arthritis and subcutaneous nodules and/or abscesses was 25,5 and 30,4 times higher, respectively, when compared with animals with score 0. Animals with scores 2 (moderate) and 3 (severe) had higher chances (P<0,05) of having abscesses or lung lesions (pleuritis and embolic pneumonia) when compared to animals without tail lesions. Trimming was observed in 21,6% (62/287) of the carcasses of injured and controls, and tail lesions corresponded to 66,1% among condemnations. Animals with lesions of scores 2 and 3 presented 6,0 and 9,3 higher chances of having trimmed carcasses, respectively, when compared with animals with score 0. Animals with tail lesion represented 63,0% of the carcasses with “non exportable” destination and 75,0% of the carcasses with other destinations. Considering the percentile of losses in each category defined by the slaughterhouse visited in this work (non exportable, processed, preserve and grease), this would represent a total loss of 15,58 animals (loss of a total of 18,82% among 86 animals with cannibalism). In the conditions of this study, this would mean that from 5 animals diagnosed with cannibalism in the finishing period, one would be totally wasted at the slaughter time. To this damage must be added the animals that were euthanazied in the herds or those died due to complications of tail injuries. In the present study, an individual diagnosis was performed in the farms of all animals with external lesions suggestive of tail cannibalism and all affected animals were followed at slaughter. Because of this, it was possible to observe that between all animals diagnosed with cannibalism at farm level, only two remained with lesions externally detectable at slaughter, what could be explained by the precocity of the lesions present in the cases analyzed by us. On the other hand, at the slaughter of this group of animals of the cannibalism group but without external lesions at slaughter, a great number of condemnations occurred by abscesses and lung lesions. This suggests that there is a dicotomy between slaughter and field situations, reinforcing the need for a better liaison between these contexts, to be able to adequately assess its impact.

O presente trabalho avaliou a influência de lesões de caudofagia em suínos na terminação sobre o ganho de peso, variáveis sanitárias, ocorrência de lesões e condenações ao abate. O estudo foi realizado em quatro propriedades (PROP) de terminação de suínos. Para cada suíno com lesão de caudofagia foram selecionados dois controles, totalizando a avaliação dos seguintes números de animais: PROP1: 87; PROP2: 33; PROP3: 60; PROP4: 132. As lesões na cauda foram classificadas conforme o grau de severidade (escore de 0 a 4, sendo 0 normal e a severidade aumentando até os graus 2 e 3, e como grau 4 para lesões cicatrizadas). A cada uma de 4 a 6 avaliações (conforme a idade inicial do 1o diagnóstico do problema), os animais eram pesados e as lesões na cauda avaliadas. Em todas as propriedades, foi observada uma recuperação das lesões de caudofagia na terceira avaliação. Nas PROP 1 e 3, animais com lesões de escore 3 (severas) tiveram menor ganho de peso (P<0,05) comparados aos animais de escore 0. Além disso, na PROP3, animais com escore 3 foram menos pesados (P<0,05) ao abate do que aqueles de escore 0. A chance de animais com escore 3 terem artrite e apresentarem nódulos subcutâneos e/ou abscessos foi 25,5 e 30,4 vezes maior, respectivamente, em comparação aos animais com escore 0. Tanto animais com escore 2 (moderado) quanto os com escore 3 apresentaram maiores chances (P<0,05) de terem abscessos ou lesões pulmonares (pleurite e pneumonia embólica) em comparação aos animais sem lesão de cauda. Houve desvio ao Departamento de Inspeção Federal (DIF) de 21,6% (62/287) das carcaças, de animais com lesões e controles, sendo que a caudofagia foi a causa de 66,1% das condenações. Animais com lesões de escore 2 e 3 apresentaram 6,0 e 9,3 vezes maiores chances de terem suas carcaças desviadas ao DIF, respectivamente, comparados aos animais de escore 0. Os animais com lesões de caudofagia representaram 63,0% das carcaças que tiveram destino “não exportável” e 75,0% das carcaças com outros destinos. Considerando os percentuais aproximados de perdas relativas definidas pelo frigorífico visitado para as categorias de condenação (não-exportável, embutido, conserva e graxaria), isto representaria a perda de 15,58 animais (total de 18,12% entre os 86 animais que foram diagnosticados com caudofagia na granja). Isso permite concluir que, nas condições desse estudo, de cada 5 animais que são visualizados com canibalismo na terminação vai ocorrer a perda total de 1 no frigorífico. A esse prejuízo devem ser somados os animais que foram sacrificados nas granjas ou que vieram a morrer devido aos problemas causados pelas complicações das lesões na cauda. No estudo atual, foi possível determinar que, entre todos os que haviam apresentado lesões de canibalismo nas granjas, apenas dois mantinham lesões detectáveis externamente por ocasião do abate, o que pode ser explicado pela ocorrência muito precoce das lesões de caudofagia nos casos observados. Por outro lado, no abate desses animais do grupo com caudofagia, mas sem lesões externas no abate, foi observado um grande número de condenações por abscessos e lesões pulmonares. Isso sugere existir uma dicotomia entre as situações de campo e de frigorífico, reforçando a necessidade de uma melhor ligação entre esses contextos para estimar adequadamente o seu impacto. / The present work assessed the influence of tail biting lesions in finishing pigs in relation to weight gain, health, occurrence of lesions and carcass condemnation at slaughter. The study was carried out in four finishing units (PROP) and the following number of animals were assessed: PROP1: 87; PROP2: 33; PROP3: 60; PROP4: 132. To each animal with tail biting two controls were selected. Tail lesions were classified according the degrees of severity (scores from 0 to 4, 0 classified as normal and severity increasing until the degrees 2 and 3, and degree 4 meaning healed lesions). In each one of 4 to 6 visits (depending on the age of the 1st diagnosis of the problem), the animals were weighed and tail lesions assessed. In all farms, healing of tail lesions was observed in the third evaluation. In PROP 1 and 3, injured animals with score 3 showed smaller weight gain (P<0,05) when compared with animals with score 0. In PROP3, animals with score 3 were lighter (P<0,05) at slaughter than those with score 0. The chance for animals with score 3 to show arthritis and subcutaneous nodules and/or abscesses was 25,5 and 30,4 times higher, respectively, when compared with animals with score 0. Animals with scores 2 (moderate) and 3 (severe) had higher chances (P<0,05) of having abscesses or lung lesions (pleuritis and embolic pneumonia) when compared to animals without tail lesions. Trimming was observed in 21,6% (62/287) of the carcasses of injured and controls, and tail lesions corresponded to 66,1% among condemnations. Animals with lesions of scores 2 and 3 presented 6,0 and 9,3 higher chances of having trimmed carcasses, respectively, when compared with animals with score 0. Animals with tail lesion represented 63,0% of the carcasses with “non exportable” destination and 75,0% of the carcasses with other destinations. Considering the percentile of losses in each category defined by the slaughterhouse visited in this work (non exportable, processed, preserve and grease), this would represent a total loss of 15,58 animals (loss of a total of 18,82% among 86 animals with cannibalism). In the conditions of this study, this would mean that from 5 animals diagnosed with cannibalism in the finishing period, one would be totally wasted at the slaughter time. To this damage must be added the animals that were euthanazied in the herds or those died due to complications of tail injuries. In the present study, an individual diagnosis was performed in the farms of all animals with external lesions suggestive of tail cannibalism and all affected animals were followed at slaughter. Because of this, it was possible to observe that between all animals diagnosed with cannibalism at farm level, only two remained with lesions externally detectable at slaughter, what could be explained by the precocity of the lesions present in the cases analyzed by us. On the other hand, at the slaughter of this group of animals of the cannibalism group but without external lesions at slaughter, a great number of condemnations occurred by abscesses and lung lesions. This suggests that there is a dicotomy between slaughter and field situations, reinforcing the need for a better liaison between these contexts, to be able to adequately assess its impact.

Nesse trabalho apresentamos o estudo do artigo [25] que analisa a existência de atratores globais para uma classe de equações da onda amortecida da forma \'épsilon u IND. tt\' + \'alpha\' (x) u IND. t\' + \'BETA\' (x)u - \'\\SIGMA SOBRE i, j\' \'\\PARTIAL ind. I\' (\'a IND. i j\' (x) \'PARTIAL IND. j u\') = f(x, u) , x PERTENCE A ÔMEGA\'\', t \'PERTENCE A\' [0,\'infinito\'), u (x, t) = 0, x \'PERTENCE A\' \'\\PARTIAL ÔMEGA\', t \'PERTENCE A\' [0, \'infinito\') definidas em um domínio arbitrário \'ÔMEGA\' / In this work we describe the results of the paper [25]. In [25] the authors prove existence of global attractors for the following semilinear damped wave equation \'\\épsilon u IND. t\'t + \'alpha\'(x)u IND. t\' + \'beta\' (x)u - \'\\SIGMA SOBRE i, j \'\\PARTIAL IND. i\' (\'a IND. i j\' (x) \'\\PARTIAL IND. j u\') = f (x, u), x \'IT BELONGS\' \'ÔMEGA\', t \'IT BELONGS\' [0, \'INFINITY\'), u(x,t), x \'IT BELONGS\' \'\\PARTIAL ÔMEGA\', t \'IT BELONGS\' [), \'INFINITY\'0 on an arbitrary domain \'OMEGA\'

É apresentado como problema atual na área de Publicidade e Propaganda a exibição de conteúdo personalizado para nichos específicos. A propaganda acaba se concentrando nos produtos de maior sucesso, tendo como foco alguns públicos-alvo previamente determinados. Assim, o estudo pretende avaliar um novo canal para exibição de propaganda em nível individual, através das perspectivas da Cauda Longa e da Realidade Aumentada (R.A.). O ponto principal desse trabalho é, portanto, mostrar a quantidade de nichos existentes e sugerir uma personalização da propaganda a um nível praticamente individual, como uma ligação direta entre produto e consumidor, usando como suporte tecnológico a R.A. A partir da análise de trabalhos de Romero Tori, Paul Milgram, Ronald Azuma, Cláudio Kirner, Robson Siscouto, Lúcia Santaella, entre outros autores, foi feita uma avaliação dos principais pontos de interesse da tecnologia de Realidade Aumentada para profissionais da área do Design. Discorrendo não só sobre suas características como também identificando problemas e questionamentos atuais, tanto para esses profissionais como para o consumidor final. A tese se enquadra na linha de pesquisa de Design e Tecnologia ao passo que os profissionais desta área de conhecimento são responsáveis diretos por pensar as formas de interação de modo que sejam mais orgânicas e intuitivas para os usuários. Existe muito trabalho a ser realizado, no tocante à Ergonomia e Usabilidade, nas soluções que usam a Realidade Aumentada, principalmente na forma como se dá a sobreposição da informação digital ao ambiente real capturado pela câmera e sua manipulação pelo indivíduo. / Show custom content for specific market segments is a current problem in the Advertising industry. The advertisement ends up prioritizing the most successful products, with the focus on some predetermined audiences. With that in mind, this study evaluates a new channel for advertising on an individual level, through the perspectives of the Long Tail and Augmented Reality (AR). For that reason, the main point of this work is demonstrate the amount of existing niches and suggest customized ads to an individual level, as a direct link between product and consumer, using as technological support AR. From the analysis of the authors Romero Tori, Paul Milgram, Ronald Azuma, Claudio Kirner, Robson Siscouto, Lucia Santaella, among others, an assessment was made about the main points of interest in AR to the field of professional designers. Reflecting not only about their characteristics as well as identifying current problems and questions , both for these professionals and to the final consumer. The work fits the Design and Technology area because their professionals are directly responsible for thinking ways of interaction in order to be more intuitive for users. There is much more work to be done with regards to Ergonomics and Usability in the solutions that use Augmented Reality, especially in the way the digital information overlays the environment captured by the camera and its manipulation by the individual.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da densidade sobre o desempenho e o comportamento de leitões na fase de creche. Um total de 560 leitões desmamados (peso médio de 5,75 ± 0,9 kg e idade média de 20,92 ± 0,8 dias) foram aleatoriamente alojados em quatro tratamentos com diferentes densidades: T0,33, T0,28, T0,23 e T0,18 (0,33, 0,28, 0,23 e 0,18 m²/animal respectivamente). As baias continham 20 animais e a ração foi fornecida à vontade. As lesões de cauda e orelha foram graduadas em escores de 0 a 4 e o número de lesões de briga foram avaliados semanalmente. Dezesseis baias foram filmadas em três momentos (1ª, 4ª e 6ª semana de alojamento) para avaliação da frequência de brigas e de belly nosing. Foi observado um efeito linear da densidade sobre o ganho de peso diário (GPD; P=0,049), um efeito quadrático sobre o peso aos 42 dias (P=0,030) e uma tendência de efeito quadrático para o consumo médio diário (CMD; P=0,075). Não houve efeito da densidade na conversão alimentar (CA) e no coeficiente de variação (CV) do peso aos 42 dias. Foi observado um maior número de leitões apresentando lesões severas de orelha no grupo T0,18 quando comparado ao T0,33 (P = 0,019) e T0,28 (P = 0,056). Um maior número de animais com lesões moderadas ou severas foi observado no grupo T0,18 (P < 0,05) do que nos demais grupos para lesões de orelha, e do que T0,33 para lesões de cauda. Houve um efeito linear da densidade sobre a frequência de brigas, com uma maior ocorrência nos grupos com menos espaço. Contudo, não foi observado efeito sobre o número de lesões de briga ou de casos de belly nosing. Em conclusão, o aumento da densidade afetou negativamente o desempenho dos leitões, além de aumentar a ocorrência de comportamentos indesejáveis. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of space allowance on performance and behavior of nursery pigs. At weaning 560 pigs (5.75 ± 0.9 kg of body weight and 20.92 ± 0.8 days of age) were randomly assigned in four treatments with different stocking densities: T0.33, T0.28, T0.23 and T0.18 (0.33, 0.28, 0.23 and 0.18 m²/pig respectively). Pens were standardized to have the same group size (20 pigs/pen) and feed was provided ad libitum. Tail and ear biting lesions and the fighting lesions were weekly observed. Sixteen pens were videotaped in three different moments (1st, 4th and 6th housing week) and the frequency of fights and belly nosing were recorded. A linear effect was observed of stocking density on average daily gain (ADG; P=0.049), a quadratic effect and a quadratic tendency of effect were observed on body weight at 42 days after weaning and on average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P=0.030; P=0.075, respectively). There was no effect of stocking density on the gain:feed ratio or weight coefficient of variation (CV) at day 42. Higher graduation of severe ear lesions was observed in pigs from T0.18 when compared to T0.33 (P = 0.0196) and T0.28 (P = 0.056). A higher number of pigs with moderate or severe tail and ear lesions was observed in T0.18 (P > 0.05). Moreover, it was observed a linear effect of density on the frequency of fights, with higher occurrence in groups housed in restricted spaces. However, no effect of stocking density was observed on fight lesions or belly nosing among treatments. In conclusion, increased density negatively affected the performance of piglets and increased the occurrence of unsuitable behaviors.