This master thesis deals with analysis of entrepreneurship sectors, which are obliged to implement electronic records of sales. This project was established in order to bring balance to the given market place and to increase the effectiveness of governmental tax control. Part of this thesis is focused on describing the prob-lems of grey section of Czech Republics economy and basic description of the project. My own research covers analysis of the current situation of general information about tax collection in the Czech Republic, identification of the economy sectors influenced by the project and evaluation of the influence of the electronic records of sales on small and medium enterprises in the Czech Repub-lic. Last but not least brief/detailed comparison of the Czech and Croatian electronic sales register systems and final evaluation reflection of the system implementation from macroeconomic point of view.

Background: South Africa is a multicultural, multi-ethnic developing country currently experiencing a unique quadruple burden of disease, of which malnutrition (both over- and under nutrition) is one of them. The increase in childhood obesity within the current South-African health setting is of serious concern, approximately 14% boys and 18% girls currently are overweight and it is estimated that this number will increase to 25% within the next decade. Healthy eating habits and increased physical activity are important components of a healthy lifestyle, and decrease the risk of overweight and obesity. It is also often the corner stone of many lifestyle modification intervention programmes aimed at preventing or decreasing overweight/obesity. Aim: This sub-study was part of a larger intervention study where a nutrition education intervention programme (NEIP) for children in the form of a musical play (based on the South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines [SAFBDG]) was developed to increase nutrition knowledge and thereby also contribute towards healthy lifestyle behaviour. The aim of this sub-study was therefore to explore and describe the attitude of a specific group of primary school children (aged 6-12 years) towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating, and physical activity before and after a NEIP as well as the standard school curriculum. Secondly, it was aimed to identify possible barriers to and motivators for healthy eating, unhealthy eating and physical activity. Methods: Children were randomly selected from the experimental group (n=143) of the main study. Children were selected into one of four focus groups per school (6 children per focus group) from which qualitative data were gathered on children’s attitude and perception towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating, and physical activity. Focus groups were defined by age and gender (boys and girls seperately, grades I-III and grades IVVI seperately), totalling a number of 96 children. A total of 75 children completed this sub-study, 21 children dropped out due to school-related problems or after school activities that clashed with the time slots during which the NEIP was implimented. Quantitative data was gathered with a socio-demographic and physical activity questionnaire, as well as a 3-point hedonic facial expression scale which was used to quantify attitude towards healthy eating, unhealhty eating and physical activity. All data (quantitative and qualitative) were collected at both baseline and end measurements. Results: The main findings of this sub-study were that the attitude of most primary school children towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating or physical activity remained unchanged after a unique NEIP. Five major themes were identified out of focus group discussions namely health awareness, healthy eating, unhealthy eating, physical activity, and consequences of unhealthy eating and sedentary behaviour. Mothers were identified as the main motivator for eating healthy and avoiding unhealthy eating. The taste and smell of food were both either identified as motivators or barriers for healthy eating and unhealthy eating. Older girls associate unhealthy eating with becoming fat while many children associate the combination of unhealthy eating and being sedentary with becoming fat. Most children have a positive attitude towards physical activity and enjoy doing it although the biggest motivator for partaking in physical activity is their parents and not themselves. Conclusion: Even though some children’s attitude did change in the desired direction after the implementation of a unique and fun NEIP, most children’s attitude towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating and physical activity remained unchanged. This might have been due to the measurement tool that was not sensitive enough to detect subtle changes. Various factors that can influence children’s attitude and perceptions towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating and physical activity both positively or negatively were identified. This study is one of only a few that explored and described the ‘true’ motivators of and barriers for children’s attitude towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating and physical activity. Results generated from this sub-study can thus make a valuable contribution to the existing literature available in this specific study field. / Thesis (MSc (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Background: South Africa is a multicultural, multi-ethnic developing country currently experiencing a unique quadruple burden of disease, of which malnutrition (both over- and under nutrition) is one of them. The increase in childhood obesity within the current South-African health setting is of serious concern, approximately 14% boys and 18% girls currently are overweight and it is estimated that this number will increase to 25% within the next decade. Healthy eating habits and increased physical activity are important components of a healthy lifestyle, and decrease the risk of overweight and obesity. It is also often the corner stone of many lifestyle modification intervention programmes aimed at preventing or decreasing overweight/obesity. Aim: This sub-study was part of a larger intervention study where a nutrition education intervention programme (NEIP) for children in the form of a musical play (based on the South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines [SAFBDG]) was developed to increase nutrition knowledge and thereby also contribute towards healthy lifestyle behaviour. The aim of this sub-study was therefore to explore and describe the attitude of a specific group of primary school children (aged 6-12 years) towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating, and physical activity before and after a NEIP as well as the standard school curriculum. Secondly, it was aimed to identify possible barriers to and motivators for healthy eating, unhealthy eating and physical activity. Methods: Children were randomly selected from the experimental group (n=143) of the main study. Children were selected into one of four focus groups per school (6 children per focus group) from which qualitative data were gathered on children’s attitude and perception towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating, and physical activity. Focus groups were defined by age and gender (boys and girls seperately, grades I-III and grades IVVI seperately), totalling a number of 96 children. A total of 75 children completed this sub-study, 21 children dropped out due to school-related problems or after school activities that clashed with the time slots during which the NEIP was implimented. Quantitative data was gathered with a socio-demographic and physical activity questionnaire, as well as a 3-point hedonic facial expression scale which was used to quantify attitude towards healthy eating, unhealhty eating and physical activity. All data (quantitative and qualitative) were collected at both baseline and end measurements. Results: The main findings of this sub-study were that the attitude of most primary school children towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating or physical activity remained unchanged after a unique NEIP. Five major themes were identified out of focus group discussions namely health awareness, healthy eating, unhealthy eating, physical activity, and consequences of unhealthy eating and sedentary behaviour. Mothers were identified as the main motivator for eating healthy and avoiding unhealthy eating. The taste and smell of food were both either identified as motivators or barriers for healthy eating and unhealthy eating. Older girls associate unhealthy eating with becoming fat while many children associate the combination of unhealthy eating and being sedentary with becoming fat. Most children have a positive attitude towards physical activity and enjoy doing it although the biggest motivator for partaking in physical activity is their parents and not themselves. Conclusion: Even though some children’s attitude did change in the desired direction after the implementation of a unique and fun NEIP, most children’s attitude towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating and physical activity remained unchanged. This might have been due to the measurement tool that was not sensitive enough to detect subtle changes. Various factors that can influence children’s attitude and perceptions towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating and physical activity both positively or negatively were identified. This study is one of only a few that explored and described the ‘true’ motivators of and barriers for children’s attitude towards healthy eating, unhealthy eating and physical activity. Results generated from this sub-study can thus make a valuable contribution to the existing literature available in this specific study field. / Thesis (MSc (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

The aim of this master thesis is to analyze and evaluate the introduction of registration of sales in catering and accommodation services in the South Bohemian Region. On the basis of the findings, it is recommended to prepare recommendations for updating the registration of sales (EET) system. This thesis is based on the primary data obtained through the questionnaire survey, which took place between December 2017 and March 2018. The information source was business people of accommodation, catering and hospitality situated in the South Bohemian Region. Respondents were often addressed by e-mail. The questionnaire survey focused on the opinions to the EET before and after its introduction, satisfaction with the material-technical equipment supplier, the resulting complications and the monthly costs associated with the operation of the EET. In addition, three research questions were developed, which were evaluated from the results of the questionnaire survey The questionnaire survey showed that most of the entrepreneurs with their equipment supplier were satisfied. Due to the costs and complications associated with EET, entrepreneurs have not changed the opinion to EET and is still negative.

La libération de l'acide arachidonique (AA) de la membrane des cellules par les phospholipases activées, le rend accessible pour être métabolisé par plusieurs enzymes impliquées dans la biosynthèse des eicosanoïdes. Ceux-ci incluent les cyclooxygénases (COX), les lipoxygénases (LOX) et plusieurs isoformes des cytochromes P450 (CYP450) qui produisent les acides époxy-eicosatriénoïques (EET) et les acides hydroxy-eicosatétraénoïques (HETE). Tandis qu'une attention considérable a été accordée aux rôles des eicosanoïdes dérivés des COX et des LOX, relativement peu de données sont disponibles sur les rôles potentiels des eicosanoïdes produits par les CYP450 sur la réactivité des muscles lisses des voies respiratoires (MLVR). L'objectif général de ce projet était de déterminer les modes d'action de ces eicosanoïdes bioactifs sur les tissus pulmonaires humains. L' idée étant de mieux cerner les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires activés lorsque ces tissus sont traités avec différents médiateurs lipidiques (eicosanoïdes) et inflammatoires (cytokines). Pour cela les propriétés électrophysiologiques, pharmacomécaniques et biochimiques susceptibles d'être modulées par ces eicosanoïdes sur les MLVR ont été analysées. Premièrement, nous avons démontré que l'acide 14,15-époxy-eicosatriénoïques (14,15-EET) hyperpolarise et relaxe les MLVR humains via l'activation des canaux potassiques de grande conductance activé par le Ca[exposant]2+ (BK[indice]Ca ). De plus, nous avons démontré que cet époxy-eicosanoïde diminue la sensibilité au Ca[indice]2+ des bronchioles perméabilisées à la [bêta]-escine, ce qui est corrélé avec une baisse du niveau de phosphorylation et d'expression de la protéine CPI-17 (protein kinase C-potentiated myosin phosphatase inhibitor). Par la suite, nous avons mis au point un modèle d'hyperréactivité bronchique (HRB) induit par un prétraitement des tissus au tumor necrosis factor [alpha] (TNF[alpha]). Ce modèle nous a permis d'évaluer les effets anti-inflammatoires des époxy-eicosanoïdes. Nous avons démontré que ces eicosanoïdes interfèrent avec l'activation du Nuclear Factor [kappa] B (NF[kappa]B) via leur interaction avec le peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [gamma] (PPAR[gamma]). De plus, le 14,15-EET et l'acide 17,18-époxy-eicosatetraénoïque (17,18-EpETE) diminuent l'hypersensibilité au Ca[exposant]2+ des bronchioles prétraitées au TNF[alpha], en interférant avec la voie de signalisation de p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK), ce qui entraîne une réduction de la phosphorylation et de l'expression de la protéine CPI-17. L'introduction de siRNA dirigés contre les transcrits de la CPI-17 dans les bronchioles humaines traitées au TNF[alpha] a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle crucial de cette protéine dans l'HRB. Cette étude a aussi permis de démontrer que l'époxyde hydrolase soluble (sEH) est surexprimée dans les bronchioles humaines traitées au TNF[alpha] et dans les biopsies de patients asthmatiques. L'utilisation d'un inhibiteur pharmacologique de la sEH, le 12-(3-adamantyl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA), a permis d'augmenter la biodisponibilité des époxy-eicosanoïdes et leurs effets bénéfiques sur les tissus bronchiques traités au TNF[alpha]. Les stratégies expérimentales établies ont permis de définir les modes d'action de ces eicosanoïdes et de démontrer leurs rôles potentiels contre l'HRB.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las encefalopatías espongiformes transmisibles (EET) o enfermedades por priones son un grupo de enfermedades neurodegenerativas letales que afectan al ser humano y a otros mamíferos. El agente causal de estas enfermedades es el prión, que es una isoforma anómala de una proteína celular normal codificada en el gen PRNP. La Organización Mundial de la Salud, en 1998, estableció, para el diagnóstico de las enfermedades priónicas humanas, las categorías de definitivo, probable y posible. El diagnóstico se confirma en el estudio neuropatológico, o, en el caso de las formas genéticas, en el análisis genético si este demuestra la presencia de una mutación patogénica en el gen de PRNP. El diagnóstico de ECJ in vivo, con categoría de probable, se realiza cuando a una serie de criterios clínicos se añade la presencia de complejos periódicos en el EEG o la prueba de proteína 14-3-3 positiva en el caso de las formas esporádicas. Con el nombre de proteína 14-3-3 se denomina a una familia de proteínas especialmente abundante en sistema nervioso central y su detección a través de un método de inmunoblot, se demostró que se asociaba al diagnóstico de ECJ esporádica.OBJETIVOS: O1: Estudiar la evolución de la demanda y la validez de la prueba de proteína 14-3-3 durante el periodo 1997-2000 en España. O2: Mejorar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la prueba de la proteína 14-3-3 para el diagnóstico de enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (ECJ) y analizar los patrones atípicos en el resultado de la prueba. O3: Analizar el polimorfismo del exon 1 del gen Tau en enfermedades por priones y determinar si este modifica la predisposición a padecer enfermedades priónicas o la expresión clínica de estas. O4: Caracterizar clínica y genéticamente las enfermedades por priones humanas en Cataluña en el periodo 1993-2001 TRABAJOS que conforman esta tesis doctoral: T1: Utilización y validez de la prueba de la proteína de 14-3-3 en el diagnóstico de enfermedades priónicas: estudio prospectivo de 4 años. Medicina Clínica 2003 (en prensa). T2: Isoformas de la proteína 14-3-3 y patrones atípicos en la prueba de la 14-3-3 en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob. Neuroscience Letters 2002; 320: 69-72. T3: Análisis del polimorfismo del exon 1 del gen Tau en las encefalopatías espongiformes transmisibles. Journal of Neurology 2002; 249: 938-939. T4: Características clínicas y genéticas de las enfermedades priónicas humanas en Cataluña (1993-2001). CONCLUSIONES: C1. El número de pruebas de proteína 14-3-3 en LCR solicitadas a nuestro laboratorio se ha incrementado a lo largo del periodo 1997-2000. Paralelamente, han aumentado el número de falsos positivos y disminuido el valor predictivo positivo de la prueba . Las causas más frecuentes de FP pueden y deben ser excluidas por la evaluación clínica y las pruebas complementarias apropiadas. Un resultado negativo es altamente predictivo de ausencia de la enfermedad en nuestro medio. C2. Los anticuerpos frente a las diferentes isoformas de proteína 14-3-3 no aumentan la sensibilidad ni la especificidad obtenida con el anticuerpo estándar para el diagnóstico de ECJ. La banda inferior característica de patrones de positividad atípicos de la prueba de 14-3-3, se origina por una reacción cruzada del anticuerpo anti-proteína 14-3-3 con las cadenas ligeras de immunoglobulinas libres presentes en el LCR. C3. No existe evidencia, en nuestra población, de asociación entre el polimorfismo del exón 1 del gen Tau y la predisposición a padecer enfermedades priónicas, o el perfil de expresión clínico de la enfermedad. C4. La distribución de los subtipos etiológicos y de las características genéticas y clínicas de los pacientes catalanes con enfermedades priónicas es similar a lo descrito en otras poblaciones europeas. Hasta un tercio de las formas genéticas diagnosticadas carecían de antecedentes familiares conocidos. Las formas valina-valina de ECJ esporádica y las formas genéticas presentan con más frecuencias manifestaciones clínicamente atípicas. No se ha detectado ningún caso de variante de ECJ en Cataluña en el periodo estudiado.

No description available.

Shewanella spp. are model electroactive bacteria (EAB) and well-known for their broad metabolic capabilities and extracellular electron transfer (EET) properties, which allow them to utilize a diverse range of carbon substrates, such as formate, lactate, pyruvate, and amino acids. However, the majority of Shewanella spp. cannot metabolize glucose, a naturally occuring carbon and energy source. Here, we examine the electrode respiring potential of Shewanella chilikensis JC5T- and its coexistence with acetoclastic EAB, Geobacter sulfurreducens in glucose-fed microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) operated at a set anode potential condition of 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Chronoamperometry analysis revealed that the maximum current density was 0.04523 mA/cm2 (CE: 14.55%) in S-MEC (only S. chilikensis JC5T) and 0.299 mA/cm2 (CE: 53.85%) in CC-MEC (S. chilikensis JC5T and G. sulfurreducens) which is 6.6-folds higher in current density and 3.7-folds higher in coulombic efficiency than S-MEC. Cyclic voltammetry analysis demonstrates presence of biofilm and redox mediator for EET mechanisms. Metabolic analysis showed that S. chilikensis as a monoculture and co-culture with G. sulfurreducens can metabolize glucose and produce intermediates such as acetate, formate, and lactate. These intermediates are likely used to generate electrical current. Collectively, these results provide novel insights on electrode respiring properties of S. chilikensis and its coexistence with acetoclastic EAB, G. sulfurreducens to enhance the current density and coulombic efficiency from glucose-fed MEC.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-11-19T11:23:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kamila Lauany Lucas Lima - 2018.pdf: 1815959 bytes, checksum: bc2167df3f3d8cab7e32728d28ff5a43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-11-19T11:32:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kamila Lauany Lucas Lima - 2018.pdf: 1815959 bytes, checksum: bc2167df3f3d8cab7e32728d28ff5a43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-19T11:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kamila Lauany Lucas Lima - 2018.pdf: 1815959 bytes, checksum: bc2167df3f3d8cab7e32728d28ff5a43 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The present study aimed to test whether: 1) the high fat diet can induce T2D without the administration of streptozotocin (STZ); 2) the high fat caloric intake causes metabolic, behavioral and morphological changes, similar to t2D and; 3) the practice of moderate physical exercise is effective to reverse the metabolic changes caused by T2D and of the high fat diet. To test these hypotheses, we used 57 Wistar 8 week old rats. They were splited into the five experimental groups: group D (N = 25) who received a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (STZ diluted in citrate buffer, pH 4.5-25mg / kg body weight of the animal) and were fed with high fat diet. To test the effect only of the high fat diet, the HL group (N = 8) was fed with high fat diet but did not receive the STZ injection. Animals with similar ages were used as control (CO, N = 24) and fed with a balanced diet. At the end of the third week, animals of CO and D and HL groups were subdivided into two other groups: sedentary (SE) and exercised (EF). EF groups were submitted to swimming for 6 weeks. The D-SE, D-EF and HL-SE groups presented significant changes in body weight gain, abdominal fat gain, caloric intake, food efficiency, lipid profile and fasting and capillary glucose levels, when compared to control groups. There was no significant difference in the concentrations of arachidonic acid products and the renal tissue did not present morphological alterations. Physical exercise increased high density lipoproteins (HDL), but did not change others evaluated parameters. We conclude that consumption of the high fat diet when associated with sedentary behavior may cause metabolic alterations similar to T2D and that physical exercise was efficient to improve the lipid profile. / Os objetivos do presente estudo foram investigar as seguintes hipóteses: 1) a dieta hiperlipídica pode induzir o Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) sem a administração de streptozotocina (STZ); a ingestão de dieta hiperlipídica e hipercalórica causam alterações metabólicas, comportamentais e morfológicas, similares ao DM2 e; 3) a prática de exercício físico moderado tem potencial sobre as alterações metabólicas causadas pelo DM2 e pela dietahiperlipídica. Para testarmos essas hipóteses foram utilizados 57 ratos Wistar com 8 semanas de idade, distribuídos nos seguintes grupos experimentais: grupo D (N=25) que receberam uma única injeção intraperitoneal de estreptozotocina (STZ diluído em tampão de citrato, pH 4,5 - 25mg/kg de peso corporal do animal) e foram alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica. Para testar o efeito somente da dieta hiperlipídica, o grupo HL (N=8), recebeu uma dieta hiperlipídica, mas não recebeu a injeção de STZ. Animais com idades similares foram utilizados como controle (CO, N=24) e alimentados com dieta balanceada. No final da terceira semana, animais dos grupos CO e D e HL foram subdivididos em dois grupos: sedentário (SE) e exercitado (EF). Os grupos EF foram submetidos a um protocolo de natação durante 6 semanas. Após o protocolo experimental, os grupos D-SE, D-EF e HL-SE apresentaram alterações significativas no ganho de massa, gordura abdominal, ingestão calórica, eficiência alimentar, perfil lipídico e glicemia em jejum e capilar quando comparados aos animais controles. Não houve diferença significativa nas concentrações dos produtos do ácido araquidônico e o tecido renal não apresentou alterações morfológicas. O exercício físico aumentou as lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL), mas não alterou os demais parâmetros avaliados. Concluímos que o consumo da dieta hiperlipídica quando associada ao comportamento sedentário pode causar alterações metabólicas similares ao DM2 e que o exercício físico foi eficiente para melhorar o perfil lipídico.

My diploma thesis is focused on creating an application for Electronic Register of Sales. The main sense of the application is to facilitate an implementation to e-shops, which were created on so-called "Greenfield". This application is supposed to help programmers in their work, because the most complex logic will be done by the app. Another big advantage of it is saving money to the e-shop owners. The implementation of my solution is more time saving than the implementation which is provided by Financial administration of the Czech Republic. The first part of my thesis is concentrated on Electronic Register of Sales issue. It's following by a description of technology and tools which I used for the app development. The selected technology and tools are the most modern and widely used nowadays. The end of the theoretical part is about introducing e-shop Tisknisi.cz In the practical part of the thesis I described the "E-EET" application and compiled its structure in terms of frontend and backend. Then I explained its technical solution. Code samples are accompanied by explanations. A phase "implementation solution" is described by POST request method. I've designed a price policy to ensure the profitability of "E-EET" application by myself.