Bemästrande erfarenheter, indirekt erfarenhet, verbal övertalning samt fysiologiskt och emotionellt tillstånd är informationskällor som inverkar på lärar-self-efficacy. Syftet med undersökningen var att undersöka samband mellan faktorer i lärarutbildningen och lärar-self-efficacy. Vid datainsamlingen gjordes en enkätundersökning, där 63 lärarstudenter, varav 42 kvinnor, deltog. Det undersöktes ifall det fanns samband mellan lärar-self-efficacy och underliggande faktorer i lärarutbildningen, kopplat till de fyra informationskällorna av self-efficacy. Resultatet visade att ju mer positiva erfarenheter och positivt stöd som lärarstudenterna upplever i sin utbildning, desto mer kommer deras lärar-self-efficacy att öka. En multipel linjär regressionsanalys visade att verbal övertalning bidrar med 33.9 % till studenternas lärar-self-efficacy. Det visades även att bemästrande erfarenheter, i form av antal terminer och praktikveckor, är en bidragande faktor till lärarstudenternas lärar-self-efficacy. Informationskällorna bemästrande erfarenheter och verbal övertalning, är därmed de mest centrala delarna i lärarutbildningen och i stärkandet av lärarstudenternas lärar-self-efficacy.

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The goal of this study was to investigate if participation in collaborative professional development workshops - on learned helplessness, self-efficacy, and metacognition - would impact teachers' beliefs in their capacity to address students' helplessness. The underlying assumption was that, with deeper understanding of the theoretical background upon which instructional practices should be constructed, teachers would develop a stronger belief that, through their pedagogical practices, they could impact students' individual learning outcomes as well as the classroom environment. In order to achieve this endeavor, an eight-week intervention was conducted in a low-achieving and low SES public school in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study's design, development, implementation, and evaluation were oriented by guidelines derived from the formative and design experiment methodology. The study benefited from quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods. Triangulation of data showed strong consistency between quantitative and qualitative findings. After the intervention, participating teachers acknowledged implementing the theories in their classrooms. Reported impacts included (a) strengthened teachers' beliefs about their capacity for effective teaching in this school environment; (b) increases in teachers' instructional efficacy and metacognitive abilities; (c) increased capacity to exercise reflective practice through evidence- based self-evaluations; (d) increased capacity to create comprehensive lesson plans including the Nine Events of Instruction (Gagne, 1985), the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation (Jones, 2009), and metacognitive strategies (Schraw, 1998). As teachers implemented the strategies in their classes, they reported positive impacts on the students' interests, attitudes towards classroom activities, and efforts to achieve. / Ph. D.

This research develops and validates a task-specific parenting self-efficacy measure focussing on the following domains: showing affection and empathy, engaging in play, facilitating routines, establishing discipline strategies, providing appropriate learning and development activities, and promoting communication interaction. Self-efficacy can be described as a person’s belief in his or her ability to successfully complete tasks. Self-efficacy beliefs are among the most consistent predictors of success and performance in many contexts. As a result, self-efficacy has been investigated across a variety of domains. Parenting self-efficacy can be defined as judgement which a parent has regarding his or her ability to successfully complete the tasks related to parenting a child. Increasing parents’ competence in raising and supporting their children throughout life is regarded as one of the cornerstones of adaptive parenting. As improving parenting self-efficacy has been known to have a positive effect on parenting competence it has been incorporated as a component of early childhood intervention programmes in recent years. Numerous self-efficacy instruments are currently being used to measure self-efficacy within the parenting literature. In the development of this particular measure, challenges surrounding the conceptualization and operationalization of parenting self-efficacy have been investigated. The parenting sense of efficacy instrument (P-SEMI) was developed from theoretical frameworks within both parenting and self-efficacy domains. A classification for the definition and development of parenting self-efficacy measures is proposed. The relevant theoretical constructs are operationalized in order to identify their observable indicators (discrete parenting tasks). The main aim of this empirical research is therefore to validate the P-SEMI by establishing the internal consistency reliability, as well as face, content, construct, and differential validity for the measure. The design used is a descriptive survey type design with three phases. Phase 1 established validity in the conceptual domain. The measure was developed and content validity was investigated by a panel of subject matter experts. Phase 2 established validity in the methodological domain. During this phase the measure was administered to two groups of mothers; mothers of children with a disability, and mothers of typically developing children. Seventy-nine mothers participated in this phase of the study. Two additional established measures were used as convergent measures, namely the general self-efficacy scale (which is a global self-efficacy measure) and the parenting sense of competence scale (which is a domain-general measure). Based on the data collected from these participants, content, construct and differential validity was established. Phase 3 established initial validity in the substantive domain. Results indicated that the P-SEMI is a reliable and valid task-specific measure for assessing the level of parenting self-efficacy of mothers of young children. The P-SEMI is moderately correlated to both of the existing self-efficacy measures used as convergent measures. The newly developed task-specific measure was the only measure which was able to differentiate between the levels of parenting self-efficacy. As a result this measure is applicable as a clinical tool to measure parenting self-efficacy, and can be used to conduct further research within the field of parenting self-efficacy. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication / unrestricted

Research has shown that self-efficacy is one of the most important personal resources in the work context. However, research on working life has mainly focused on a cognitive and task-oriented dimension of self-efficacy representing employees’ perceptions of their capacity to successfully complete work tasks. Thus, little is known about the influence that believing in one’s social and emotional competence could have. This thesis aims to expand previous theory regarding self-efficacy in the workplace by investigating social, emotional, and cognitive self-efficacy dimensions in relation to leadership, health, and well-being.   The thesis rests on four empirical studies, all related to health and well-being, and including at least one self-efficacy dimension. Study I employed questionnaire data from 169 Swedish high school students. The other three studies were based on questionnaire data obtained during a three-year international health-promoting leadership research project. These participants were employees and leaders from 229 different teams in 12 organizations in Sweden and Germany representing a wide range of occupations. Study I supported the idea that emotional self-efficacy is an important antecedent to prosocial behaviour and also highlighted the value of differentiating between different dimensions of self-efficacy. Study II validated the new work-related Occupational Social and Emotional Self-efficacy Scales; and indicated that these dimensions are positively related to well-being. However, Study III showed that emotional exhaustion in followers crossed over to leaders when the leaders’ emotional self-efficacy was high. Study IV revealed that transformational leadership and social self-efficacy can be positive for team climate. The main theoretical contribution of this thesis is to expand previous theory regarding self-efficacy in the workplace by incorporating social, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. The main practical implication is that the new Occupational Social and Emotional Self-efficacy Scales can be used to promote health and well-being in the workplace through activities such as recruitment, staff development, and team-building. This thesis suggests that (a) training managers to exert transformational leadership behaviours may simultaneously promote team climate, and this process may be mediated by social self-efficacy, (b) it may be counterproductive to enhance leaders’ emotional abilities in a team of exhausted followers, since the result can be an exhausted leader rather than an exhilarated team, (c) interventions aimed at improving health and well-being should be specific to each work setting, and (d) a more holistic approach where the mutual influence between leaders and followers is considered may be beneficial for healthier work environments.

The current research utilised a modified cyclical model of tracking teachers' efficacy beliefs from their source through to their implementation in teaching strategies. Key inclusions to the model were four factors (personal efficacy, teaching efficacy, classroom management efficacy and outcome efficacy) of teacher efficacy and four contextual considerations (culture load, learning load, language load and cognitive load) in relation to teaching students who have ESL. Data were collected through three studies, ultilising both qualitative methodologies (focus groups, hypothetical teaching scenarios) and a quantitative methodology (researcher-generated survey). Results revealed a two-factor model of teacher efficacy (not a four-factor model) with the two factors being personal efficacy (general teaching abilities) and teaching efficacy (overcoming environmental factors such as home life). Culture load and language load were significant contextual considerations given to teaching students who have ESL. Results of the research suggested that specific teacher training needs to focus on how to adapt curriculum to meet the needs of a diverse group of learners, emphasising in particular why chosen strategies should be used. More training is needed which involves learning how to include parents and other community members as valuable resources in the learning processes of the classroom.

The Sources of Middle School Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale (Usher & Pajares, 2009) was adapted for use in this study investigating the impact that gender, race, sexual orientation, hometown location (rural, suburban, or urban), high school GPA, college GPA and letter grade of a mathematics course in the previous semester had on the four sources of mathematical self-efficacy of 102 college freshmen attending three small, private, liberal arts institutions. Even though this study found no interaction effects between the student characteristics, the four sources of mathematical self-efficacy, or the three subcategories of the vicarious experience construct, this study did find statistically significant results for several independent variables: gender, hometown environment, and the letter grade received in the mathematics course the preceding semester at the Bonferroni correction rate of .025. Additionally, small p-values for race and hometown environments warrant further investigation with a larger sample size.

This thesis deals with domain of teacher collective efficacy, that is related to the self-efficacy concept, both are part of the social cognitive theory from Albert Bandura. The theoretical part first summarizes basic theoretical background of self-efficacy. Next part deals with topic of teacher self-efficacy that played important role in forming of the concept of teacher collective efficacy and its measurements. Then it summarizes information and results of research relevant to the new emergent concept of teacher collective efficacy. The empirical part describes the qualitative research that was carried out. Its goals were to map the concept of teacher collective efficacy among teachers in primary and secondary schools and how they reflect on this concept and then to suggest new possible model and possible directions for creating a teacher collective efficacy scale for Czech teachers. Research method were half- structured interviews with 8 teachers and the use of thematic analysis. It was found out that interview contained several common themes. After comparing it with theoretical conception of collective efficacy, modified model of teacher collective efficacy was suggested with 4 main themes: support, collective team, pupils and parents. KEYWORDS Self-efficacy, collective efficacy, qualitative...

Denna studie syftar till att öka förståelsen kring läkarstudenters karriärval. Merparten av läkarstudenter på Sveriges högskolor har universitetsutbildade föräldrar. Vi finner det därmed intressant att undersöka läkarstudenter som inte kommer från hem med en akademisk studietradition. Genom att studera på akademisk nivå lämnar studenterna sin nuvarande yrkes-och utbildningsmässiga samhällsklass. För att förstå varför dessa studenter väljer att genomföra denna klassresa har en kvalitativ metod tillämpats. Detta metodval gjordes för att vi strävade efter en djupare förståelse kring deras karriärval. Empirin tolkades i huvudsak utifrån två teoretiska verktyg: Banduras (1997) begrepp self- efficacy samt Social cognitive career theory (Lent et al. 1994) som användes för att förstå individers karriärutveckling. Resultatet visar att mönster gällande faktorer som individens självtillit, studieframgångar, intressen och personliga egenskaper har varit centrala när studiens informanter gjort sina karriärval. Det framkom även att omgivningens uppmuntran är betydande vid detta val.