For many years there has been a suggested association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aside from their common epidemiological and immunological similarities, there appears to be an association between the incidence of both diseases coexisting. We report a case of a 41-year-old man with chronic diarrhea and weakness, who was found to have concomitant MS and Crohn's Disease. Our report underscores the importance clinicians of maintaining a high degree of suspicion about the potential association of these conditions among these patient populations.

Bus stops are interwoven into the urban landscape, providing direct access to the transit system and offering upfront information to users. This contact creates an ever-present opportunity for transit agencies to market their services to the public and attract ridership. The purpose of this thesis is to help transit agencies exploit this opportunity through the development and deployment of user information. The thesis examines how agencies are leveraging bus stop infrastructure in the United States and Canada. Site visits were conducted at twenty-nine transit agencies across the continent with observations photographed and processed into matrices. The photographs provide examples of innovative ways in which agencies have employed elements, while the matrices reveal the current state of the practice. The thesis concludes with recommendations for the conceptualization and development of bus stop signage that integrate many of these innovative elements as well as ADA regulations to improve user information at transit agencies. The findings of this thesis may be of interest to transit agencies that are seeking to construct a new or improve upon an existing user information system as well as to those interested in or studying public transit, wayfinding, or environmental graphic design. While there exists a large degree of difference as to the level of information that is made available to users in different transit agencies, all agencies have room to improve.

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal pathologies are a common etiology of organic failure to thrive and feeding difficulties; therefore failure to thrive can be a common indication for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), especially in infants and young children. However there has been no recent studies investigating diagnostic outcome of EGD in children specifically with failure to thrive or feeding difficulties. AIM: To investigate the outcome of EGD with biopsy in children presenting with failure to thrive or feeding difficulties and to determine the extent to which EGD with biopsy results led to a change in diagnosis or clinical management, including medication and nutritional supplements. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study in children under the age of 3 (defined as from 0 up to and including 36 months) who had been seen at one of Boston Children’s Hospital’s outpatient gastroenterology clinics and undergone EGD for the investigation of failure to thrive or feeding difficulties from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015. RESULTS: Poor weight gain (55.6%), gastroesophageal reflux (44.4%) and food refusal (38.9%) were the most common presenting symptoms at the first GI clinic visit. The overall prevalence of any gross endoscopic abnormality was 24.8%. The overall prevalence of any histologic abnormality was 44.2%. Compared to subjects with normal esophageal histology, subjects with abnormal esophageal histology had a lower proportion of gastroesophageal reflux and vomiting as their main presenting symptom (63.4% vs. 44.4%, p-value = 0.04). Compared to subjects with normal esophageal histology, subjects with histologic abnormalities in the esophagus were more likely to have current allergy to milk (25% vs. 9.6%, p = 0.02), peanut (8.3% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.03) and tree nut (8.3% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In this study gastroesophageal reflux was more prevalent in subjects with normal esophageal histologic findings than those with abnormal findings (63.4% vs. 44.4%, p-value = 0.04). Although the largest number of histologic abnormalities were found in infants, infants were still more likely to have normal than abnormal histology in the esophagus. This finding suggests a more a careful consideration of signs and symptoms prior to proceeding with EGD in infants. Subjects with current milk allergy were more likely to have esophageal histologic abnormalities (p-value = 0.02). Further analysis could indicate current milk allergies as a predictive variable in esophageal histologic abnormalities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate what the EGD teacher needed in order to facilitate the successful implementation of CAD as an education tool into the EGD classroom. The researcher aimed to understand how teachers perceive CAD with regard to its usefulness and ease of use in an EGD class. The primary research question was as follows: What is needed to facilitate the implementation of CAD into the EGD classroom? The secondary research questions were: ? What are the barriers that prevent teachers from implementing CAD in their EGD classes? ? What lessons can be learnt from those schools where CAD has already been implemented? In the literature, the researcher looked at EGD as a subject presented in high school as well as the early roots of CAD. The external factors influencing the implementation of ICT in the classroom and the importance of CAD as a teaching tool were explored throughout the study. The theoretical framework used to support this study was the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research approach towards this study was qualitative by nature and followed a multiple-case study design (Yin, 2003). The participants of the study were identified through a convenient-purposive sampling method. The researcher analysed data through an interpretivist point of view. The data analysis was done through the use of thematic analysis methods. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / MEd / Unrestricted

Those working in Engineering for Global Development seek to improve the conditions in developing countries. A common metric for understanding the development state of a given country is the Human Development Index (HDI), which focuses on three dimensions: health, education, and income. An engineer’s expertise does not always align with any of those dimensions directly, while they still hope to perform impactful work for human development. To discover other areas of expertise that are highly associated with the HDI, correlations and variable selection were performed between all World Development Indicators and the HDI. The resultant associations are presented according to industry sector for a straightforward connection to engineering expertise. The associated areas of expertise can be used during opportunity development as surrogates for focusing on the HDI dimensions themselves. The data analysis shows that work related to "Trade, Transportation, and Utilities", such as electricity distribution, and exports or imports, "Natural Resources and Mining", such as energy resources, agriculture or access to clean water, and "Manufacturing", in general, are most commonly associated with improvements in the HDI in developing countries. Also, because the associations were discovered at country-level, they direct where geographically particular areas of expertise have been historically associated with improving HDI.

Different diversity techniques such as Maximal-Ratio Combining (MRC), Equal-Gain Combining (EGC) and Selection Combining (SC) are described and analyzed. Two branches (N=2) diversity systems that are used for pre-detection combining have been investigated and computed. The statistics of carrier to noise ratio (CNR) and carrier to interference ratio (CIR) without diversity assuming Rayleigh fading model have been examined and then measured for diversity systems. The probability of error (p_e) vs CNR and (p_e) versus CIR have also been obtained. The fading dynamic range of the instantaneous CNR and CIR is reduced remarkably when diversity systems are used [1]. For a certain average probability of error, a higher valued average CNR and CIR is in need for non-diversity systems [1]. But a smaller valued of CNR and CIR are compared to diversity systems. The overall conclusion is that maximal-ratio combining (MRC) achieves the best performance improvement compared to other combining methods. Diversity techniques are very useful to improve the performance of high speed wireless channel to transmit data and information. The problems which considered in this thesis are not new but I have tried to organize, prove and analyze in new ways.

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