This diploma thesis is dedicated to the future development of nuclear energy in the EU area and its incorporation into the current EU energy policy. The work also focuses on a detailed examination of EU energy policy in terms of energy security of the Member States and throughout the text deals with the role of nuclear power as a determining factor of energy security. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical part (Chapter one) and research part (Chapter two and three). The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to current theoretical approaches to the issue of energy security. The issues of energy security are then examined in the final part of this chapter in terms of integration into the all-embracing EU energy policy. The second chapter provides an analysis of the current energy situation in the European Union as a whole and in individual Member States. All findings are applied with emphasis on the status of nuclear energy in the energy mix. The final chapter summarizes current nuclear energy trends in the EU. In addition, analysis of the opinion polls and government interventions in the field of nuclear energy are provided.

Every individual, regardless of ethnicity, religion, income, etc., has the right to health. The right to health is a fundamental human right that can be further strengthened through the lens of Martha Nussbaum's central capabilities. This thesis explores how Canada's current national energy policy is focused on fossil fuel extraction and combustion, which is a leading cause in the rise in the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and changing the climate. Based on the evidence this thesis explores how, through its role in the climate crisis, the government of Canada is hindering the full enjoyment of the right to health by the Inuit, and how there is a need for a redesign in the national energy policy. A focus on climate justice is raised as the best possible focus for this redesign, in the energy policy, in order to respect the right to health of the Inuit.

<p>Problem velike količine emisije CO2 u atmosferi je međunarodno<br />prepoznat a Evropska unija je dokumentom &bdquo;Energetska mapa puta 2050<br />Evropske unije&ldquo; najviše doprinela u prepoznavanju i realizaciji mera<br />za njegovo sprovođenje. Jedan od ključnih segmenata dokumenta<br />predstavlja energetska politika. U ovoj tezi su prepoznati ključni<br />indikatori vezani za energetsku politiku, a zatim je formiran model<br />veštačkih neuronskih mreža koji je u stanju da predvidi emisiju CO2<br />do 2050. godine. Model je u mogućnosti da nauči funkcionisanje celog<br />sistema i omogućava simulaciju raznih scenarija energetske politike<br />kako bi se ispunio cilj da se što efikasnije i brže dođe do željenog<br />smanjenja emisija CO2.</p> / <p>The problem of high CO2 emission has been recognised internationally.<br />European Union has contributed the most to recognition and realization of<br />measures and actions, needed to solve this problem, by developing<br />document Energy Roadmap 2050. One of key segments of this document is<br />energy policy. In this thesis, key indicators for energy policy are found, after<br />which the artificial neural network model which is capable of CO2 emission<br />prediction by the year 2050 is formed. Model is capable of learning the whole<br />complex energy system and enables simularion of different energy policy<br />scenarios in order to reach the EU goal and decrease CO2 emission by the<br />year 2050 in most efficient and easiest way.</p>

Addressing building energy use is a pressing issue for building sector decision makers across Europe. In Sweden, some regions have adopted a target of reducing energy use in buildings by 50% until 2050. However, building codes currently do not support as ambitious objectives as these, and novel approaches to addressing energy use in buildings from a regional perspective are called for. The purpose of this licentiate thesis was to provide a deeper understanding of most relevant issues with regard to energy use in buildings from a broad perspective and to suggest pathways towards reaching the long-term savings objective. Current trends in building sector structure and energy use point to detached houses constructed before 1981 playing a key role in the energy transition, especially in the rural areas of Sweden. In the Swedish county of Dalarna, which was used as a study area in this thesis, these houses account for almost 70% of the residential heating demand. Building energy simulations of eight sample houses from county show that there is considerable techno-economic potential for energy savings in these houses, but not quite enough to reach the 50% savings objective. Two case studies from rural Sweden show that savings well beyond 50% are achievable, both when access to capital and use of high technology are granted and when they are not. However, on a broader scale both direct and indirect rebound effects will have to be expected, which calls for more refined approaches to energy savings. Furthermore, research has shown that the techno-economic potential is in fact never realised, not even in the most well-designed intervention programmes, due to the inherent complexity of human behaviour with respect to energy use. This is not taken account of in neither current nor previous Swedish energy use legislation. Therefore an approach that considers the technical prerequisites, economic aspects and the perspective of the many home owners, based on Community-Based Social Marketing methodology, is suggested as a way forward towards reaching the energy savings target.

The main focus of the present diploma thesis are the energy policies of Germany and the United Kingdom. In the thesis, a comparative analysis of both countries' policies is carried out, focusing on their progress towards a low carbon energy sector and on the fullfillment of their respective climate pledges, such as the share of renewable sources of electricity and total emissions. The scope of the thesis is narrowed down to include above all the electricity sector and the technologies that help to reduce the energy intensity of the energy sector. The central part of the text is descriptive, comparing both the general outlines of the respective policies and the policy instruments used. The thesis largely follows the logic of comparing the different approaches to the main energy sources (nuclear, renewable, natural gas) and in part also deals with other important phenomena: CCS and EU ETS. The choice of relevant indicators and the evaluation of trends is an integral part of the thesis. The secondary goal is to attempt an evaluation of the individual instruments and policies. Among the conclusions, the following stands out: 1/ the relative success of the German nuclear phaseout as concerns supply security and the simultaneous risks it brings concerning the total emissions from energy; 2/ the relative...

Before electricity liberalization was implemented in the EU, national utilities controlled energy planningand technology choices and were basically the only ones with access to energy infrastructure finance.Liberalization came to change that. One of the goals of EU policies today is to create a level playing fieldfor power production based on new technologies and decentralized supply. However, institutional,structural and other barriers hinder further RES diffusion. Such barriers need to be alleviated to acceleratethe diffusion of RES technologies. This study analyses the Swedish and Greek experiences and actions inthe energy policy area between 2003 and 2008. I identify actions and evaluate their effects highlightingsimilarities and differences between the two cases, as well as remaining challenges. I find that EU policywas a decisive national policy driver in both cases. In Greece, feed-in-tariffs created a more secureinvestment environment and a more level playing field for producers and technologies. In Sweden, thegreen certificates served to promote RES but could not avoid market control by larger players. In bothcases, rent extraction mechanisms hindering competition were found along administrative and networkaccess barriers affecting mostly wind power. In Greece, adjustments are needed to further promote PVand better manage public funds and excess profits. Market liberalization is also necessary. In Sweden, thecertificates market expansion created a more competitive environment but some technologies still needmore support. At EU level, further harmonization of rules concerning unbundling and the setting ofbinding RES targets and infringement procedures should reduce national policy risks and contribute toreduce costs for new technologies. Plurality of markets and support schemes should be pursued in orderto create a large base of technologies while international markets for more mature technologies should beestablished. A more transparent process in achieving and revising targets at national levels should also beestablished while measures to avoid lock-ins should be pursued.

This master thesis called "Germany as an energopolitical player" deals with the problem of energy security of Germany, with the evolution of German energy policy from 1988, it means from the start of Gerhard Shroeder's chancellor period, till nowadays. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether the German energy policy, which is characterized by the energy partnership between Germany and Russia, hinders a closer integration of European energy policy (EEP) which aims at the formation of a unified EU energy policy. Therefore the interdependence of Russia and Germany, its advantages as well as disadvantages, are analyzed. Part of this work tries to analyze also the positions of German political parties (or factional groups) on the issues of energy security of Germany, as well as the possible change of the Russian-German partnership in the context of the start of Angela Merkel's chancellor period. The economic dimension of this partnership cannot be left behind as well, because there are also many private energy companies, which have a huge impact on the shape of German energy policy. Therefore, also the role of these private actors is analyzed.

The main aim of the PhD thesis Perspektivy evropské energetické bezpečnosti v kontextu vývoje energetické politiky EU is to complement existing body of literature concerning with the evolution and characteristics of European energy policy. It attempts to add new dimension related to the influence of ideational and discursive factors on this policy. In order to explain the role of discourse in shaping the European energy policy into its current form, which is characterized by its segmentation into three distinct pillars - competitiveness, sustainability and security, the thesis applies the theoretical and analytical framework of discursive institutionalism. The thesis identifies an internal tension between component discourses, which prioritize different cognitive and normative ideas, to be one of the causes of incoherence and fragmentation of contemporary energy policy of the European Union. The main argument of this text is that three distinct discursive lines has been developed at the European level - liberalization-market, environmental and security lines. Nonetheless, these discourses are rather separate phenomena as they provide ideational frameworks often incompatible with each other due to the non-existent unifying elements. Building on different and often contradicting philosophical and...

Thesis: M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Ocean Engineering, 1979 / Bibliography: leaves 165-168. / by Jitendra N. Tandon. / M.S. / M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Ocean Engineering

This dissertation demonstrates novel holistic approaches on how to link policy, clean energy innovations, and robust energy modeling techniques to help build more resilient and cost-effective energy systems for the Canadian Arctic region and remote communities in general. In spite of the diversity among Arctic jurisdictions, various energy issues and challenges are shared pan-territorially in the North. For instance, 53 out of 80 remote communities in the Northern territories rely exclusively on diesel-based infrastructures to generate electricity, with heating oil as their primary source of heat. This critical dependence on fossil fuels exposes the Indigenous peoples and other Canadians living in the North to high energy costs and environmental vulnerabilities which is exacerbated by the local and global catastrophic effects of climate change in the Arctic. Aside from being strong point sources of greenhouse gases and other airborne pollutants, this reliance on carbon-intensive sources of energy elevates risk of oils spills during fuel transport and storage. Further, conventional transportation mode via ice roads is now increasingly unreliable because of the rising Arctic temperatures which is twice the global average rate. As a result, most fuels are being transported by small planes which contribute to high energy costs and fuel poverty rates, or via boats which also increases the risk of oil spills in the Arctic waters. Methodologically, this thesis presents a multi-domain perspective on how to accelerate energy transitions among Northern remote communities. In particular, a multi-objective optimization energy model was developed in order to capture complex trade-offs in designing integrated electrical and thermal energy systems. In comparison with traditional single-objective optimization approach, this technique offers diversity of solutions to represent multiple energy solution philosophies from various stakeholders and practitioners in the North. A case study in the Northernmost community of the Northwest Territories demonstrates the applicability of this framework - from modeling a range of energy solutions (supply and demand side aspects) to exploring insights and recommendations while taking into account uncertainties. Overall, this dissertation makes a set of contributions, including: (i) Development of a robust energy modeling framework that integrates complex trade-offs and multiple overlapping uncertainties in designing energy systems for the Arctic and remote communities in general; (ii) Extension of previous Arctic studies - where focused has solely been on the electricity sector - by integrating heating technology options in the proposed modeling framework in conjunction with methods on obtaining `high performance' buildings in the North; (iii) Overall energy system performance evaluation when integrating heat and electricity sectors, as well as the role of battery storage systems and diesel generator on facilitating variable renewable energy generation among isolated communities; (iv) Formulation of a community-scale energy trilemma index model which helps design policies that are accelerating (or hindering) energy transitions among remote communities by assessing quantitatively challenges relating to energy security, affordability, and environmental sustainability; (v) Synthesized holistic insights and recommendations on how to create opportunities for Indigenous peoples-led energy projects while discussing interwoven links between energy system operations, relationship building and stakeholders engagement, policy design, and research (energy modeling and analysis). Collectively, the new methods and recommendations demonstrated herein offer evidence-based decision making and innovative solutions for policy makers, utility companies, Indigenous peoples, and other stakeholders in the Arctic and beyond. / Graduate