Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-17T12:57:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianeMariaChristinaNobregaBakker_TESE.pdf: 2357774 bytes, checksum: 43174f7d2cb8dbbbc79d1d1db399831f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-18T12:26:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianeMariaChristinaNobregaBakker_TESE.pdf: 2357774 bytes, checksum: 43174f7d2cb8dbbbc79d1d1db399831f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T12:26:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianeMariaChristinaNobregaBakker_TESE.pdf: 2357774 bytes, checksum: 43174f7d2cb8dbbbc79d1d1db399831f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-16 / Tendo em vista a dificuldade de destina??o final nos res?duos agroindustriais de unidades do grupo M. Dias Branco S.A., o presente trabalho teve como objetivo buscar alternativas para o aproveitamento de res?duos da produ??o de margarina e farelo de trigo como potenciais substratos para produ??o de produtos biotecnol?gicos. Inicialmente os res?duos foram caracterizados e se prospectou, nos respectivos res?duos, cepas potenciais produtoras de enzimas. Nos cultivos foram utilizados cons?rcios f?ngicos prospectados do res?duo farelo de trigo de unidade fabril, bem como cepas de fungos Aspergillus oryzae CCT n? 0975 ATCC9362, Trichoderma reesei CCT n? 2768 - QM 9414 e a bact?ria Bacillus cereus CCT n? 5457, adquiridos da cole??o de culturas da Funda??o Andr? Tosello-SP. Na avalia??o do potencial dos res?duos como substrato, em res?duos de margarina n?o foi observado crescimento microbiano nas condi??es testadas, apesar desse apresentar consider?veis percentuais de ?cidos graxos, assim, n?o prosseguiu-se os estudos com os res?duos de borra da refinaria e efluente da produ??o de margarinas. Como o farelo de trigo apresentou cerca de 40% de hemicelulose, realizou-se ensaios de fermenta??o em estado s?lido, com o material n?o lavado e n?o autoclavado, indentificando-se produ??o de xilanases nas primeiras 72 h de cultivo. A partir deste resultado foi realizado um Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR) - planejamento fatorial 23, com tr?s repeti??es no ponto central e seis pontos axiais, obtendo a otimiza??o dos fatores do processo: umidade, pH e granulometria. Os fatores foram considerados significativos pela ANOVA com o n?vel de confian?a de 95%. O resultado otimizado de atividade enzim?tica de 11,78 ?0,01 UI/g ou 3,54 UI/mL utilizando pH 3,3, granulometria de 900,0 ?m e umidade de 40% foi verificado. O caldo enzim?tico obtido foi avaliado atrav?s da eletroforese, onde foi poss?vel observar duas bandas predominates de massa molar 14,4 e 30 kDa. Desnatura??o a partir de 60?C, extra??o est?vel com tamp?o acetato de s?dio e com ponto isoel?trico em pH na faixa de 5,5-6,5. O caldo foi considerado eficiente na modifica??o de tipifica??o de farinhas de trigo pelo estudo dos par?metros reol?gicos de massa fabricada com farinha aditivada com o caldo enzim?tico produzido, adotando-se an?lise do falling number e alveografia. O caldo se mostrou est?vel por 30 dias e manteve 50% de sua atividade xilanol?tica por 6 meses. O farelo de trigo se mostrou potencial substrato para induzir a produ??o de enzimas por FES utilizando-se o microrganismo Aspergillus orizae. O extrato enzim?tico obtido apresentou viabilidade para aplica??o na panifica??o com possibilidade de ser inserido na estrat?gia de inclus?o de novos produtos de inova??o em empresas de moagem. / In order to point alternatives for wheat bran disposal destination generated in food industries sector M. Dias Branco S.A., thus contributing with the reduction of the resultant impact of the deposition of residues in the environment. It has been evaluated in the present work the potential of the wheat bran as substrate for xylanase production by solid state fermentation using fungal consortiums as well as the Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC9362), Trichoderma reesei (2768), Bacillus cereus CCT n? 5457, from Funda??o Andr? Tosello-SP. The use of non-washed and non-autoclaved wheat bran as carbon and energy source on the solid state fermentation by the Aspergillus oryzae fungus showed greater percentage of the produced protein after 72 hours of cultivation. The use of a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) - 23 factorial planning with three repetitions at the central point as well as six axial points ? coupled to Surface Response Methodology (SRM) allowed to assay the influence of humidity, pH and grain size (independent variables or factors) on the xylanase activity (dependent variable or response) as well as to optimize the best condition for the enzyme production. Results showed that all factors and their combination were significant at 95% confidence level. The optimized xylanase activity was (11.78 ?0,01) UI/g or (3.54) UI/mL obtained at 40% of humidity, pH 3.3 with grain size of 900.0?m. The produced broth was stable for 6 months and remained about (50%) of the initial xylanase activity at 4?C. SDS-PAGE assay showed that xylanase has 14,4-30 kDa molar mass. The obtained enzymatic broth was efficient to modify wheat flours as shown by the falling number rheologic parameters and alveography assay.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T13:13:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HerickDeBulhoesCandido_DISSERT.pdf: 3415313 bytes, checksum: 3560484e16c3b98f21f190aedce472ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-03T22:03:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HerickDeBulhoesCandido_DISSERT.pdf: 3415313 bytes, checksum: 3560484e16c3b98f21f190aedce472ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-03T22:03:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HerickDeBulhoesCandido_DISSERT.pdf: 3415313 bytes, checksum: 3560484e16c3b98f21f190aedce472ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-27 / O comportamento reol?gico dos fluidos de perfura??o ? fundamental para se determinar a melhor composi??o e tratamentos a serem aplicados nos fluidos. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o comportamento reol?gico de sistemas pol?mero - tensoativo para utiliza??o como aditivos viscosificantes em fluidos base ?gua. Os aditivos utilizados foram os pol?meros goma xantana (GX) e poliacrilamida (PAC) e os tensoativos sab?o base (ani?nico) e cetremida (cati?nico). Os sistemas foram submetidos ? caracteriza??o reol?gica em diversas concentra??es de tensoativo a uma concentra??o fixa de pol?mero. A caracteriza??o reol?gica foi realizada atrav?s de ensaios de reologia, utilizando sistema de cilindros coaxiais, onde se obteve as curvas de fluxo e curvas de viscosidade para cada sistema. A partir das curvas geradas foi aplicado o modelo matem?tico que melhor representou cada sistema bem como os par?metros desse modelo. Em todos os sistemas o modelo de Herschel-Bulkley foi o que melhor representou o comportamento, podendo classific?-los como pl?sticos (pseudopl?sticos com limite de escoamento). A partir da caracteriza??o reol?gica, foi poss?vel determinar e utilizar as concentra??es que apresentaram os maiores valores de viscosidades, que foram: poliacrilamida com 400 ppm de sab?o base e poliacrilamida com 400 ppm de cetremida. A partir das concentra??es escolhidas foram formulados 4 (quatro) fluidos modificando apenas do aditivo viscosificante, o Fluido A (GX), Fluido B (PAC), Fluido C (PAC+400 ppm Sab?o Base) e Fluido D (PAC+400 ppm cetremida). Em seguida, foram realizados ensaios reol?gicos com aux?lio de um viscos?metro de campo com os fluidos formulados. Apesar das solu??es pol?mero - tensoativo apresentarem melhores resultados reol?gicos, quando adicionados ao fluido de perfura??o com os outros aditivos da formula??o base, tiveram uma queda substancial do potencial viscosificante, fato que pode ser explicado pela interfer?ncia dos sais NaCl e KCl na na hidrata??o do pol?mero Poliacrilamida. Assim o Fluido A (GX) apresentou os melhores resultados reol?gicos. / The rheological behavior of drilling fluids is essential to determine the best composition and treatments to be applied to fluids. This project presents a study of the rheological behavior of Polymer - Surfactant systems for use such as viscosifying additives in the base fluid water. The additives used were polymers Xanthan Gum (GX) and polyacrylamide (PAC) and the surfactants Soap Base (anionic) and Cetremid (cationic). The systems were subjected to rheological characterization of various surfactant concentrations at fixed polymer concentration. The rheological characterization was performed using rheology testing system using coaxial cylinders, where it obtained the flow curves, viscosity curves for each system. From the generated curves were applied mathematical model best represented the systems as well as the parameters of this model. In all systems the model of Herschel-Bulkley was best represented the behavior and can classify them as Plastics (Pseudoplastic with yield strength). From the rheological characterization, it was possible to determine and use concentrations with the highest viscosity values, which were Polyacrylamide with 400 ppm soap base and polyacrylamide with 400 ppm Cetremide. From the chosen concentrations were made three (3) fluids modifying only the viscosifying additive, the Fluid A (XG), Fluid B (PAC), Fluid C (PAC + 400ppm Soap Base), and Fluid D (PAC + Cetremide 400 ppm). Then rheological test was carried out with the aid of a field viscometer with the formulated fluids. Despite the Polymer - Surfactant solutions deliver better rheological results when added to the drilling fluid with other additives of the base formulation, had a substantial fall of viscosifying potential, which can be explained by the interference of NaCl and KCl salts in the polyacrylamide hidratation. So Fluid A (XG) showed the best results rheology.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T13:13:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoMillerDeMeloHenrique_DISSERT.pdf: 3984983 bytes, checksum: 30d84ae3b0ffad6ccf10102bfede68c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-03T23:05:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoMillerDeMeloHenrique_DISSERT.pdf: 3984983 bytes, checksum: 30d84ae3b0ffad6ccf10102bfede68c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-03T23:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoMillerDeMeloHenrique_DISSERT.pdf: 3984983 bytes, checksum: 30d84ae3b0ffad6ccf10102bfede68c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Pela ind?stria do petr?leo, diversos pa?ses que det?m atividades ligadas a explora??o e produ??o buscam alternativas para o descarte da ?gua produzida (AP) gerada. Por outro lado, a irriga??o agr?cola consiste na principal atividade consumidora de recursos h?dricos. Em busca de equacionamento, utilizar ?guas residuais nessa atividade apresenta uma potencial aplica??o. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a composi??o e o tratamento da ?gua produzida de petr?leo no desempenho de sementes de alface e gergelim. O efluente foi tratado com flocula??o i?nica usando 5 concentra??es de tensoativo: 300, 350, 400, 450 e 500 ppm. Ap?s a estabiliza??o dos flocos, submeteu-se a solu??o a um processo de filtra??o. Quanto ao tratamento, a remo??o de metais e de ?leo foram mensurados. Paralelamente, foram analisados os testes de germina??o e vigor: germina??o, primeira contagem do teste de germina??o, ?ndice de velocidade de germina??o, comprimento da parte a?rea, comprimento da rad?cula, comprimento da pl?ntula e massa seca. Por fim, curvas de inibi??o para os constituintes da AP e para o tensoativo foram plotadas, com o objetivo de verificar as concentra??es inibit?rias desses componentes. Ap?s o tratamento da AP com a flocula??o e a filtra??o, verificou-se remo??o de at? 40% de c?lcio e de 99% para o ?leo. Sem a filtra??o, apenas a concentra??o de 300 ppm de tensoativo n?o atendeu a legisla??o (TOG = 20 ppm). Para baixas concentra??es de org?nicos, metais e salinidade na ?gua produzida, o processo mostrou-se eficiente no tratamento do efluente. Para a germina??o, n?o houve diferen?a na maioria dos casos testados. Por?m para o vigor houve diferen?a, sendo afetado negativamente com o uso da ?gua produzida. Os efluentes tratados apresentaram desempenho pr?ximo ao da ?gua destilada. As curvas de inibi??o formuladas para os constituintes da ?gua produzida mostraram decr?scimo das vari?veis ? medida em que ocorreu incremento das concentra??es. Em rela??o ao ?leo, n?o houve diferen?a na germina??o, somente no vigor. Para o tensoativo, verificou-se que as concentra??es estudadas n?o apresentaram efeito t?xico ou inibit?rio para as culturas. / For the petroleum industry, several countries that have activities related to exploration and production search alternatives for the discard of the produced water (PW) generated. On the other hand, agricultural irrigation is the main activity consuming water resources. In search of a solution, the use of waste water in this activity has a potential application. In this context, the objective of this research was to study the composition and treatment of water produced from petroleum in the performance of lettuce and sesame seeds. The effluent was treated with ionic flocculation using 5 concentrations of surfactant: 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 ppm. After stabilization of the flakes, the solution was subjected to a filtration process. Regarding the treatment, the removal of metals and oil were measured. At the same time, germination and vigor tests were analyzed: germination, first germination test, germination velocity index, length of upper part, radicle length, length of the seedling and dry mass. Finally, inhibition curves for the constituents of PW and for the surfactant were plotted, in order to verify the inhibitory concentrations of these components. After treatment of the PW with flocculation and filtration, up to 40% of calcium and 99% of the oil were removed. Without filtration, only the concentration of 300 ppm of surfactant did not comply with the legislation (OGC = 20 ppm). For low concentrations of organic, metals and salinity in the water produced, the process was efficient in the treatment of the effluent. For the germination, there was no difference in the most of the cases tested. However for the vigor there was difference, being negatively affected with the use of the produced water. The treated effluents presented performance close to that of the distilled water. The inhibition curves formulated for the constituents of the produced water showed a decrease in the variables as the concentrations increased. Regarding oil, there was no difference in germination, only in vigor. For the surfactant, it was verified that the concentrations studied showed no toxic or inhibitory effect for the cultures.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T13:13:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NarioCezarCamaraAlves_DISSERT.pdf: 3724020 bytes, checksum: 7d9bb0f760270e1cb1c18ea011288bb0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-03T23:20:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NarioCezarCamaraAlves_DISSERT.pdf: 3724020 bytes, checksum: 7d9bb0f760270e1cb1c18ea011288bb0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-03T23:20:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NarioCezarCamaraAlves_DISSERT.pdf: 3724020 bytes, checksum: 7d9bb0f760270e1cb1c18ea011288bb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / Dois campos de pesquisas s?o essenciais para o mercado do petr?leo nos dias atuais: otimiza??o de custos e quest?es ambientais. Nas opera??es de perfura??o de po?os o sistema de fluido se mostra como sendo essencial, e assim requer uma otimiza??o cont?nua. Fluidos de perfura??o ? base org?nica s?o largamente utilizados nestas opera??es, onde, ap?s a sua utiliza??o, se tornam um passivo caro e poluente. Atualmente o tratamento realizado neste tipo de fluido ? somente de corre??o, o que requer, geralmente, grandes quantidades de insumos, elevando ainda mais o custo do Sistema de Fluidos para a opera??o de perfura??o. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um m?todo de recupera??o de fluidos de perfura??o n?o aquosos atrav?s da quebra da emuls?o de ?gua em ?leo, utilizando como agente desemulsificante sistemas microemulsionados. Para a obten??o desta microemuls?o estudou-se qualitativamente a influ?ncia de diferentes tensoativos na separa??o de fases do fluido e definiu-se o de melhor efici?ncia (ULX 95). Para mapeamento do fluido utilizado nos ensaios foram feitas an?lises de reologia, raz?o de ?gua/?leo/s?lidos, salinidade e Estabilidade El?trica. Para o estudo da quebra de emuls?o variou-se: a composi??o do sistema microemulsionado para o tensoativo ULX 95, a fase aquosa da microemuls?o atrav?s da utiliza??o ou n?o de sal (CaCl2), a propor??o sistema microemulsionado/fluido e a temperatura no momento da mistura. Tamb?m foram feitos testes para a caracteriza??o das fases obtidas ap?s o ensaio de quebra, assim como a possibilidade de reutiliza??o do fluido n?o-aquoso recuperado. Os testes de reutiliza??o do fluido n?o aquoso recuperado obtiveram resultados satisfat?rios. / There are two research fields essential for the oil market: cost optimization and environmental issues. In the well drilling operations the fluid system is shown to be essential, and thus requires a continuous optimization. Organic based drilling fluids are widely used in these operations, which, after use, become expensive and polluting liabilities. Currently the treatment performed in this type of fluid is only correction, which usually requires large quantities of inputs, further increasing the cost of Fluid System for the drilling operation. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a method of recovery of non-aqueous drilling fluids through the breaking of the water in oil emulsion using as demulsifying agent microemulsions systems. To obtain the microemulsion system qualitative studies were performed where the influence of different surfactants in the phase separation of the fluid were studied and defined the best efficiency (RNX 95). For mapping of the fluid used in the tests were made rheology analysis, ratio of water / oil / solids, salinity, and electrical stability to study the emulsion breaking was varied: the composition of microemulsion system for the surfactant (RNX 95), the aqueous phase of the microemulsion by using or not salt (CaCl2), the rate microemulsion / fluid system and the temperature at mixture. Test have also been made to the characterization of phases obtained after breaking test, as well as the possibility of reusing the non-aqueous fluid recovered. The tests had a satisfactory result.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T14:05:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AllanMartinsNeves_DISSERT.pdf: 2153659 bytes, checksum: 19b8e265b34574f2712c75f067e65296 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-07T15:28:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AllanMartinsNeves_DISSERT.pdf: 2153659 bytes, checksum: 19b8e265b34574f2712c75f067e65296 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T15:28:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AllanMartinsNeves_DISSERT.pdf: 2153659 bytes, checksum: 19b8e265b34574f2712c75f067e65296 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / O cen?rio atual da ind?stria do petr?leo envolve explorar e produzir reservas com desafios t?cnicos enormes. Desta forma, torna-se cada vez mais necess?rio o conhecimento dos mecanismos que impactam a produ??o do ?leo. Um exemplo disso s?o as novas descobertas no mar brasileiro, como o pr?-sal, composto por grandes acumula??es de ?leo leve, com alto valor comercial. Um fator determinante a ser considerado ? o tipo de rocha reservat?rio predominante na forma??o destas reservas, que s?o rochas carbon?ticas, principalmente o calc?rio, que em sua maioria apresenta molhabilidade favor?vel ao ?leo, fator que diminui a recupera??o do petr?leo. Assim, estudos v?m sendo desenvolvidos com esse tipo de rocha visando inverter sua molhabilidade e melhorar a produtividade. Uma maneira de melhorar essas condi??es no reservat?rio ? atrav?s dos m?todos qu?micos envolvendo tensoativos, que pela sua natureza anfif?lica, t?m a capacidade de se adsorver em interfaces e superf?cies de acordo com sua afinidade, diminuindo a energia livre interfacial, podendo inverter a molhabilidade da rocha, facilitando o fluxo de ?leo e assim, melhorando sua recupera??o. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar como diferentes tipos de tensoativos se adsorvem na rocha calc?ria, e se eram capazes de alterar sua molhabilidade. Para isso, foi utilizado o m?todo de banho finito para tr?s tensoativos: OCS (ani?nico), C16TAB (cati?nico) e ULTRANEX 110 (n?o i?nico), variando-se par?metros como a temperatura, a massa de adsorverte (calc?rio), tempo de contato e concentra??o de tensoativo. Tamb?m foram feitas an?lises de ?ngulo de contato para analisar a molhabilidade e de potencial zeta. O OCS foi o ?nico tensoativo que apresentou adsor??o significativa na rocha, possivelmente por apresentar ?ons opostamente carregados aos da rocha. O aumento da temperatura de 30?C para 50?C ocasionou decr?scimo na capacidade de adsor??o. O calc?rio in natura apresentou molhabilidade mista, com forte afinidade ao ?leo, que ap?s tratamento ocorreu diminui??o da molhabilidade ao ?leo, no entanto tamb?m diminuiu em rela??o ? ?gua. As medidas de potencial zeta mostraram que as atra??es eletrost?ticas desempenharam papel importante na adsor??o, obtendo-se maior valor em m?dulo para o OCS. / The current scenario of the oil industry involves exploring and producing reserves with big technical challenges, in this way, it becomes increasingly necessary to know the mechanisms that impact the oil production. An example of this is the new discoveries in the Brazilian sea, with the pre-salt, composed of large accumulations of high commercial value light oil. However, a determining factor to be considered is the type of reservoir rock predominant in the formation of its reserves. These rocks are composed almost of carbonates of calcium that form the carbonate rocks, mainly limestone, which in the majority of them are oil-wet, a factor that Decreases the recovery of oil. Thus, studies have been developed in this type of rock in order to reverse its wettability and improve productivity. One way of change the wettability of the reservoir is through the chemical methods involving surfactants, which by their amphiphilic nature have the ability to adsorb at interfaces and surfaces according to their affinity, reducing the free interfacial energy, which can reverse the wettability of the rock, facilitating the flow of oil and thus, improving its recovery. The objective of this work was to study how different types of surfactants adsorb in limestone, and if they were able to alter their wettability. For this, the finite bath method was used for three surfactants: OCS (anionic), C16TAB (cationic) and ULTRANEX 110 (nonionic), varying parameters such as temperature, adsorption mass (limestone), contact time and concentration of surfactant. Contact angle analysis was also performed to analyze wettability and zeta potential. OCS was the only surfactant that presented significant adsorption in the rock, possibly due to the presence of electrically charged ions. The increase in temperature from 30 ? C to 50 ? C caused a decrease in the adsorption capacity. The limestone in natura presented mixed wettability, with strong affinity to the oil, after treatment the wettability decreased to oil, however it also decreased in relation to water. The measurements of zeta potential showed that the eletrostatic attractions played an important role in the adsorption, obtaining greater value in the module for the OCS.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T14:05:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RenanPiresDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4838615 bytes, checksum: 6a4a4de336f3ed012ff9d79a80113a5c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-07T15:40:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RenanPiresDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4838615 bytes, checksum: 6a4a4de336f3ed012ff9d79a80113a5c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T15:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenanPiresDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4838615 bytes, checksum: 6a4a4de336f3ed012ff9d79a80113a5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A passagem de um PIG ? uma t?cnica bastante empregada na inspe??o de dutos de longo comprimento e principalmente enterrados, valendo-se do diferencial de press?o sobre o mesmo para impulsion?-lo. Por?m, durante a inspe??o, um dos problemas que pode ocorrer ? a parada do PIG por causa de incrusta??es severas ou defeitos de fabrica??o/instala??o dos dutos, fazendo com que o instrumento pare e sua posterior libera??o com altas velocidades devido ao ac?mulo de press?o ? montante. Este trabalho prop?e o uso de redes neurais artificiais a fim de modelar a rela??o entre o diferencial de press?o sobre o PIG e sua velocidade durante o seu trajeto no interior do duto. Para tanto, foi empregado um sistema supervis?rio para a captura dos dados de press?o ao longo da tubula??o de teste e um od?metro acoplado ao PIG para a dos dados de velocidade. Foram considerados dois modelos de redes neurais artificiais, no caso a rede MLP e a rede NARX, sendo esta ?ltima uma rede recursiva. Os resultados de treinamento e valida??o mostraram que os modelos por redes neurais artificiais foram eficientes para estimar a velocidade do PIG. / The passage of a PIG is a technique quite used in inspection of big length and principally buried pipes using the pressure differential on it to impulse itself. But, during the inspection, one of the problems that may occur is the stop of the PIG because of severe incrustations or fabrication/installation defects of the pipes, doing the halt of the instrument and its posterior release with high velocities due to the accumulate of pressure at back part. This work purpose the use of neural networks in order to model the relation between the differential pressure on the PIG and its velocity during your path in the tube. Therefore, it was used a supervisory system to capture the pressure data along the test pipe and an odometer coupled to the PIG for the velocity data. It was considered two neural network models, in the case the MLP and NARX networks, the latter being a recurrent network. The training and validation results showed that the models by neural networks were efficient to estimate the velocity of the PIG.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:25:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaroGustavoPauloGalvao_DISSERT.pdf: 2667387 bytes, checksum: 5bf60c0285a5be566d4b19dddc68fd68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T21:41:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaroGustavoPauloGalvao_DISSERT.pdf: 2667387 bytes, checksum: 5bf60c0285a5be566d4b19dddc68fd68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T21:41:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaroGustavoPauloGalvao_DISSERT.pdf: 2667387 bytes, checksum: 5bf60c0285a5be566d4b19dddc68fd68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Enxofre ? o terceiro elemento mais abundante no petr?leo e ? considerado um dos principais contaminantes presentes nessa matriz, podendo ocorrer nas formas de sulfetos, tiofenos, mol?culas polic?clicas contendo oxig?nio e nitrog?nio etc. Podem provocar corros?o, envenenamento de catalisadores automotivos e de processos do refino. Na queima dos combust?veis, quando presentes, d?o origem aos ?xidos SOX, que contribuem com a forma??o da chuva ?cida, acidez do solo e problemas respirat?rios na popula??o. Logo, a determina??o de enxofre ? de primordial interesse tanto para a ind?stria petroqu?mica quanto na ?rea da qu?mica anal?tica. Diante dessa conjuntura, ? proposto neste trabalho o desenvolvimento de um procedimento de preparo de amostras de petr?leo para determina??o por Cromatografia de ?ons (IC) do teor de enxofre como sulfato (SO4 2-). Para tal, a decomposi??o por via ?mida em sistema fechado assistida por radia??o micro-ondas, auxiliada pela a??o oxidativa de H2O2, foi o procedimento adotado, onde a temperatura e pot?ncia m?xima de 230 ?C e 1000 W, respectivamente, foram utilizadas no programa de aquecimento. Seis amostras de petr?leo (?API entre 18,75-25,17) foram analisadas, sendo as concentra??es m?dias de enxofre obtidas entre 377,50 e 3321,74 mg Kg-1, com DP entre ? 1,02 e ? 9,56. Para efeitos da avalia??o dos resultados obtidos, realizou-se a determina??o do teor de enxofre nas amostras em estudo utilizando a t?cnica UVF, fundamentada na norma oficial ASTM D5453-12, onde correla??es entre 85,43 e 106,43% foram alcan?adas, evidenciando a efici?ncia do m?todo proposto na convers?o das esp?cies de enxofre contidas nas amostras a sulfato e sua determina??o por IC. A efici?ncia do procedimento de decomposi??o adotado foi testada atrav?s do RCC% e do EOMD%, sendo alcan?ados teores entre 6,72 e 15,73% e 85,85 e 94,14%, respectivamente, demonstrando a efici?ncia do procedimento de decomposi??o utilizado. / Sulfur is the third most abundant element in petroleum and is considered one of the main contaminants present in this matrix, and may occur in the forms of sulfides, thiophenes, polycyclic molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen etc. They can cause corrosion, poisoning of catalysts used in refining and in automobiles. In fuel combustion, when present, they give rise to SOX oxides, which contribute to the formation of acid rain, soil acidity and respiratory problems in the population. Therefore, the determination of sulfur is of primary interest for the petrochemical industry as well as for analytical chemistry. Considering this situation, it is proposed the development of a procedure for the preparation of petroleum samples for the determination of the sulfur content of sulfur (SO4 2-) by Ion Chromatography (IC). For this, the wet decomposition assisted by microwave radiation, assisted by the oxidative action of H2O2, was the adopted procedure, where the maximum temperature and power of 230 ?C and 1000 W, respectively, were used in the program of heating. Six petroleum samples (?API between 18.75-5.17) were analyzed, with the mean concentrations of sulfur being between 377.50 and 3321.74 mg Kg-1, with a standard deviation between ? 1.02 and ? 9.56. For the purposes of the evaluation of the obtained results, the sulfur content in the samples under study was evaluated using the UVF technique, based on the official standard ASTM D 5453-12, where correlations between 85.43 and 106.43% were reached, evidencing the efficiency of the method proposed in the conversion of the sulfur species contained in the samples to sulfate and its determination by IC. The efficiency of the adopted decomposition procedure was tested using RCC% and EDMO%, with levels between 6.72 and 15.73% and 85.85 and 94.14% being respectively achieved, demonstrating the efficiency of the decomposition procedure used.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:25:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ArnobioSilvaDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 5771102 bytes, checksum: 83f601b7701ab9229184a97dbff2ea8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T21:57:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ArnobioSilvaDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 5771102 bytes, checksum: 83f601b7701ab9229184a97dbff2ea8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T21:57:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArnobioSilvaDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 5771102 bytes, checksum: 83f601b7701ab9229184a97dbff2ea8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-03 / Os dep?sitos silicicl?sticos da Forma??o Tombador, unidade basal do Grupo Chapada Diamantina, de idade mesoproteroz?ica, ocorrem numa faixa aproximadamente Norte-Sul ao longo da Serra do Sincor?, por??o central do Cr?ton S?o Francisco (CSF), Nordeste do Brasil. Esses dep?sitos s?o constitu?dos por uma espessa sequ?ncia de rochas silicicl?sticas. Realizou-se um estudo petrogr?fico e petrol?gico de se??es delgadas de rochas aflorantes da Fm. Tombador, juntamente com o aux?lio de t?cnicas especiais como a Fluoresc?ncia de Raios X (FRX), Difratometria de Raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia de Raios X por Dispers?o de Energia (EDS) e Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV). Com base nas an?lises, verificou-se que essas rochas s?o constitu?das predominantemente por metarenitos. Os seguintes eventos diagen?ticos foram identificados: infiltra??o mec?nica de argilas, compacta??o mec?nica, compacta??o qu?mica, sobrecrescimento de quartzo, sobrecrescimento de turmalina, fraturamento de gr?os, precipita??o de ?xido/hidr?xidos de ferro, dissolu??o de gr?os, cauliniza??o e ilitiza??o. Foram identificados atrav?s da FRX em amostra total, os seguintes elementos qu?micos em ordem decrescente, sil?cio (Si), alum?nio (Al), pot?ssio (K), ferro (Fe), magn?sio (Mg), tit?nio (Ti), zirc?nio (Zr), estr?ncio (Sr) e ?trio (Y). A alta concentra??o do sil?cio (Si), acima de 90% ? decorrente da abund?ncia do quartzo (Q95F3FR2, segundo Folk, 1974), sendo importante indicador da alta maturidade mineral?gica das rochas estudadas. Atrav?s da t?cnica de DRX, foram identificados os seguintes grupos de argilominerais: ilita, caulinita, esmectita e interestratificados de ilita/esmectita. Embora as caracter?sticas das amostras reflitam as condi??es pret?ritas de ambientes diagen?ticos, as medidas do ?ndice de cristalinidade da ilita ou ??ndice de Kubler? (KI), e a presen?a do mineral pirofilita s?o suficientes para demonstrar que as rochas da ?rea de estudo foram afetadas pelo anquimetamorfismo, indicativo da transi??o entre a f?cies prehnita-pumpelita superior e a f?cies xisto verde inferior, e que as condi??es de soterramento atingiram a profundidade da ordem de 10-12 km e temperaturas da ordem de ?300 0C. A ocorr?ncia de determinados argilominerais (ilita, caulinita e esmectita), o alto teor de quartzo, os baixos teores de feldspato e fragmentos de rochas est?o diretamente relacionado aos sistemas deposicionais, mostrando que a composi??o do arcabou?o ? diretamente respons?vel pela evolu??o diagen?tica dessas rochas. / The siliciclastic deposits of the Tombador Formation, basal unit of the Chapada Diamantina Group, of mesoproterozoic age, occur in a north-south range along the Serra do Sincor?, central portion of the S?o Francisco Craton (CSF), Northeast Brazil. These deposits consist of a thick sequence of siliciclastic rocks. A petrographic and petrological study of thin sections of outcropping rocks of Fm. Tombador was carried out, along with the help of special techniques such as X-Ray Fluorescence (FRX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Spectroscopy by Energy Dispersion (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Based on the analyzes, it was verified that these rocks are constituted predominantly by meta-sandstones. The following diagenetic events were identified: mechanical infiltration of clays, mechanical compaction, chemical compaction, quartz overgrowth, tourmaline overgrowth, grain fracturing, iron oxide/hydroxide precipitation, grain dissolution, kaolinization, ilitization and mineral pyrophyllite that reflects the transition stages between diagenesis and anchemimorphism. The following chemical elements in descending order, Si, Al, K, Fe, Mg, Ti, Zr, Sr and Y were identified by X - ray fluorescence in total sample, with values above 85%, together with the high amount of Quartz (Q95F3FR2, according to Folk, 1974), indicate the high mineralogical maturity of these rocks. Through the XRD technique, the following groups of clay minerals were identified: illite, kaolinite, smectite, interstratified of illite/smectite and the mineral pyrophyllite. Although the characteristics of the samples reflect the previous conditions of diagenetic environments, measurements of the illite crystallinity index or "Kubler Index" (KI), and the presence of the mineral pyrophyllite are sufficient to demonstrate that the rocks of the study area were affected by anchemimorphism, indicative of the transition between the prehnita-pumpellyite facies and the below greenschist facies, and that burial conditions reached a depth of the order of 10-12 km and temperatures in the order of ? 300 ? C. The occurrence of certain clay minerals is directly related to the depositional system, showing that the composition of the framework are directly responsible for the diagenetic evolution of these rocks.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:25:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 YasminMariaDaSilvaMenezes_DISSERT.pdf: 1903091 bytes, checksum: 5c6db423bd821ce4e4f3aaaa1ff9090b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T23:40:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 YasminMariaDaSilvaMenezes_DISSERT.pdf: 1903091 bytes, checksum: 5c6db423bd821ce4e4f3aaaa1ff9090b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T23:40:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YasminMariaDaSilvaMenezes_DISSERT.pdf: 1903091 bytes, checksum: 5c6db423bd821ce4e4f3aaaa1ff9090b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A ?gua produzida ? o maior volume de descarte de l?quidos gerados durante a produ??o e processamento de petr?leo e g?s natural e, a sua composi??o pode conter v?rios compostos t?xicos naturais, dentre eles t?m-se os hidrocarbonetos polic?clicos arom?ticos (HPA), cuja presen?a causa efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente. O presente trabalho realizou um estudo sobre a remo??o de 15 HPA em ?gua produzida utilizando sistema microemulsionado. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um diagrama de fases pseudotern?rio constitu?do por ?gua produzida enriquecida com HPA, como fase aquosa (FA), n-hexano como fase oleosa (FO) e n-butanol e CTAB como cotensoativo (C) e tensoativo (T), respectivamente, a uma raz?o C/T = 4. A partir da constru??o do diagrama foi escolhido um ponto com uma alta porcentagem de FA para testar o tratamento, na regi?o de interesse, Winsor II (WII). Esse ponto (90% FA, 5% FO e 5% C/T) foi avaliado de duas maneiras: utilizando um precursor da forma??o de microemuls?o, utilizando como FA a ?gua produzida obtida e a mat?ria ativa (C/T) para a obten??o da microemuls?o formada nesse ponto, e a pr?pria microemuls?o obtida nesse ponto. A avalia??o qualitativa, realizada por meio de espectroscopia de fluoresc?ncia, mostrou que houve tratamento da ?gua produzida para ambos os m?todos, por?m, a avalia??o quantitativa, realizada por meio de cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia com detector de fluoresc?ncia (HPLC-FLD), mostrou que a extra??o utilizando a microemuls?o foi mais eficiente. Com isso, foi realizado um planejamento experimental simplex centr?ide para que o estudo da influ?ncia das fases fosse mensurado e, assim, fosse poss?vel identificar o ponto ?timo de extra??o. As amostras foram analisadas por HPLC-FLD e seus resultados mostraram que cada HPA apresentou uma superf?cie de resposta diferente, por?m todos apresentaram um m?ximo de extra??o no ponto de microemuls?o com a composi??o 90% FA, 5% FO e 5% C/T. Esse resultado mostra que essa t?cnica ? promissora para o tratamento da ?gua produzida na remo??o de HPA, constituindo-se em uma alternativa para o tratamento desse rejeito. / Produced water is the largest volume of disposal fluids generated during the production and processing of petroleum and natural gas and its composition can contain several toxic compounds, among them are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), whose presence causes harmful effects to the environment. This paper discusses a study on the removal of 15 PAH in produced water using a microemulsion system. For this, it was developed a pseudo-ternary phase diagram consisting of produced water enriched with PAH, as the aqueous phase (AP), n-hexane as oily phase (OP) and n-butanol and CTAB as cosurfactant (C) and surfactant (T), respectively, to a right C/T = 4. From the diagram's construction was chosen a spot with a high percentage of AP to test the treatment in the region of interest, Winsor II (WII). This spot (90% AP, 5%C/T and 5% OP) was evaluated in two ways: using a precursor of microemulsion formation only with the AP and the active matter and microemulsion formed at that point, by adding the OP. The qualitative assessment, carried out by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, showed that there was water treatment for both methods, however, the quantitative assessment, carried out by means of high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD), showed that extraction using microemulsion was more efficient. With that, it was performed an simplex centroid experimental planning for the study of the influence of the phases and, thus, it was possible to identify the best point of extraction. The samples were analyzed by HPLC-FLD and its results showed that each PAH presented a different response surface, but all of them showed a maximum extraction at the point with microemulsion composition of 90% AP, 5% C/T and 5% OP. This result shows that this technique is promising for the treatment of produced water in removing HPA, constituting an alternative to the treatment of this reject.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-03T00:21:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MayraKerollySalesMonteiro_DISSERT.pdf: 5097719 bytes, checksum: 8a31b93e5438ec081f424997340a4eb4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-09T22:11:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MayraKerollySalesMonteiro_DISSERT.pdf: 5097719 bytes, checksum: 8a31b93e5438ec081f424997340a4eb4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T22:11:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MayraKerollySalesMonteiro_DISSERT.pdf: 5097719 bytes, checksum: 8a31b93e5438ec081f424997340a4eb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / Biofilmes e revestimentos comest?veis s?o camadas finas de materiais biodegrad?veis aplicados sobre produtos alimentares que desempenham um papel importante na sua preserva??o, distribui??o e comercializa??o. A f?cula de mandioca ? um dos melhores candidatos ? prepara??o de revestimentos comest?veis, por ser um pol?mero completamente biodegrad?vel no solo e na ?gua e de f?cil obten??o. No entanto, a f?cula possui limita??es em suas propriedades f?sico-qu?micas quando comparada aos pol?meros sint?ticos. Por sua vez, o melhoramento destas propriedades foi proposto neste estudo a partir da adi??o de 5%, em massa, de argila em rela??o ? massa seca de biopol?mero. A compatibiliza??o superficial da argila com a matriz biopolim?rica foi realizada por modifica??o superficial na presen?a de tr?s tipos de tensoativos (brometo de cetiltrimetil am?nio, dodecil sulfato de s?dio e ?lcool laur?lico etoxilado). O efeito de tr?s modifica??es sequenciais e cumulativas na argila foi caracterizado por Difra??o de Raios X (DRX), Transformada de Fourier por Radia??o Infravermelha (FTIR), Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva de Raios X (EDS), ?ngulo de Contato (AC), Potencial Zeta (ZETA) e An?lise Termogravim?trica (TGA). A argila modificada sinergicamente na presenta dos tr?s tensoativos evidenciou o maior distanciamento basal entre as camadas de silicato, cerca de 10 nm a mais em rela??o ? argila natural. Os filmes de f?cula de mandioca com argila natural e modificada foram caracterizados como bionanocomp?sito intercalado ou esfoliado atrav?s das an?lises de Microscopia de For?a At?mica (AFM), Microscopia ?ptica (MO), DRX, FTIR, MEV e AC. A influ?ncia da argila modificada e da natural na mudan?a das propriedades f?sico-qu?micas dos filmes de f?cula original foi investigada quanto ? permeabilidade ao vapor d??gua, ductibilidade, opacidade, estabilidade t?rmica e solubilidade em ?gua. Por fim, a argila modificada sinergicamente na presenta dos tr?s tensoativos foi o material de refor?o que mais contribuiu para o melhoramento das propriedades f?sico-qu?micas do filme de f?cula controle, dentre as quais reduziu 90,6% da permeabilidade ao vapor d??gua, bem como 77,43% da dissolu??o m?xima. / Biofilms and edible coatings are thin layers of biodegradable materials applied to food products that play an important role in their preservation, distribution and commercialization. Cassava starch is one of the best candidates for the preparation of edible coatings, because it is a completely biodegradable polymer in soil and water and easy to obtain. However, the starch has limitations in its physical-chemical properties when compared to the synthetic polymers. In turn, the improvement of these properties was proposed in this research from the addition of 5%, by mass, of clay in relation to the dry mass of biopolymer. The surface compatibilization of the clay with the biopolymer matrix was performed by surface modification in the presence of three types of surfactants (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate and ethoxylated lauryl alcohol). The effect of three sequential modifications on the clay was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform by Infrared Radiation (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dispersive Lightning Spectroscopy (DLS), Contact Angle (AC), Zeta Potential (ZETA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The clay modified synergistically in the presence of the three surfactants showed the greatest basal space between the silicate layers, about 10 nm more than the natural clay. The cassava starch films with natural and modified clay were characterized as bionanocomposite intercalated or exfoliated through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Optical Microscopy (MO), XRD, FTIR, SEM and AC analyzes. The influence of modified and natural clay on the change in the physical-chemical properties of the original starch films was investigated for water vapor permeability, ductility, opacity, thermal stability and water solubility. Finally, the synergistically modified clay in the presence of the three surfactants was the reinforcing material that contributed the most to the physical-chemical properties of the control starch film, among which it reduced the permeability to water vapor by 90.6%, as well as 77.43% of the maximum dissolution.