• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 85
  • 38
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 162
  • 162
  • 46
  • 45
  • 38
  • 38
  • 38
  • 25
  • 24
  • 24
  • 21
  • 20
  • 19
  • 17
  • 17
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Identification of compounds formed during the low temperature heat dispersal of o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS riot control agent) /

Hout, Joseph J January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2006 / Typescript (photocopy)
62

caracterizacao radioquimica e impacto radiologico ambiental no processamento de cassiterita para producao de estanho e chumbo metalicos / Radiochemical characterization and environmental radiological impact in tin and lead processing from casiterite

GARCIA, MARCIA A.A. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
63

Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crianças entre 0 e 12 meses de idade residentes nas comunidades próximas ao parque industrial do município do Rio Grande/RS / Neuropsychomotor development of children between 0 and 12 months old who live in communities near the industrial area in Rio Grande, RS, Brazil / Desarrollo neuropsicomotor en niños entre 0 y 12 meses de edad que viven en comunidades cercadas al parque industrial do municipio do Rio Grande

Fernandes, Carliuza Luna January 2004 (has links)
Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, 2004. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-08-23T19:33:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carliuzafernandes.pdf: 2398930 bytes, checksum: 6eb01588bfc024411c19eb656d27bc21 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-12-19T16:11:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carliuzafernandes.pdf: 2398930 bytes, checksum: 6eb01588bfc024411c19eb656d27bc21 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-19T16:11:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carliuzafernandes.pdf: 2398930 bytes, checksum: 6eb01588bfc024411c19eb656d27bc21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Este estudo transversal objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor(DNPM) em crianças entre 0 e 12 meses de idade que habitam as comunidades próximas ao parque industrial do município do Rio Grande, RS, consideradas potencialmente mais expostas (E) à poluição ambiental. As crianças avaliadas nessa área foram comparadas com as de uma área não exposta (NE) a qual foi delimitada após análise do mapa dos ventos do município. O DNPM foi avaliado através do Teste de Denver II. Para avaliação dos fatores de risco foi aplicado um questionário com a mãe ou responsável e coletadas medidas antropométricas como peso, comprimento, perímetros cefálico e torácico. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados o teste do qui-quadrado e regressão logística. Foram avaliadas 170 crianças sendo 83 na área NE e 87 na área E. A análise dos resultados mostrou uma associação significante (p=0,001) entre o local de moradia e a suspeita de atraso no DNPM, sendo identificado um maior risco (OR=3,51) entre as crianças que habitam as comunidades próximas ao parque industrial do município. Foram ainda associados significativamente com o desfecho à idade materna (p=0,03) e a posição da criança como segundo filho (p=0,04), sendo que este último mostrou-se como fator de proteção. Foi também observada uma forte tendência (p=0,06) de associação da escolaridade materna com a suspeita de atraso no DNPM. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as áreas quanto à condição sócioeconômica. Estes resultados nos sugerem que, além dos fatores já comumente apontados como determinantes para o DNPM, o local de residência nas proximidades o parque industrial do município poderia constituir-se um fator de risco adicional para o desenvolvimento infantil, devido a uma maior exposição à poluição ambiental. Sugerimos a realização de outros estudos que possam auxiliar na interpretação desses resultados. / This transversal study aimed at evaluating the neuropsychomotor development (NPMD) of children between 0 and 12 months old who live in communities close to the industrial area in Rio Grande, RS and are potentially exposed (E) to the environmental pollution. Children evaluated in this area were compared to others who were not exposed (NE) to this pollution in an area chosen after analyzing the wind map of the city. NPMD was evaluated by using the Test of Denver II. To evaluate risk factors, a questionnaire was applied to the child’s mother or guardian, and anthropometrical measures such as weight, length, cephalic and chest perimeters were collected. To analyze the data, the tests of X-square and logistic regression were used. A hundred and seventy children were evaluated – 83 in the NE area and 87 in the E area. The analysis of the results showed a meaningful association (p=0.001) between the place of residence and the suspicion of a delay in the NPMD. A higher risk (OR=3.51) was identified among children who live in the communities close to the industrial area in the city. There was also an association of the results with the mother’s age (p=0.03) and the fact that the child is the second one in the family (p=0.04). The latter was considered a protection factor. A high tendency (p=0.06) to associate the mother’s schooling with the suspicion of delay in the NPMD was also observed. No meaningful differences concerning socio-economic conditions were observed between both areas. These results suggest that, besides those factors that have usually been considered determinants in the NPMD, the place of residence close to the industrial area could also be an additional risk factor to child development, due to the increased exposure to environmental pollution. We suggest that other studies which can help to interpret these results should be carried out. / Este estudio transversal tuvo como objetivo evaluar el desarrollo neuropsicomotor (DNPM) en niños entre 0 y 12 meses de edad que viven en las comunidades próximas al parque industrial del municipio de Rio Grande, RS, consideradas potencialmente más expuestas (E) a la polución ambiental. Los niños evaluados en esa área fueron comparados con los de un área no expuesta(NE) la cual fue delimitada después del análisis del mapa de los vientos del municipio. El DNPM fue evaluado a través del Test de Denver II. Para la evaluación de los factores de riesgo fue aplicado un cuestionario con la madre o responsable y colectadas medidas antropométricas como peso, largura, perímetros cefálico y torácico. Para análisis de los datos fueron utilizados el test del qui-cuadrado y regresión logística. Fueron evaluados 170 niños siendo que 83 en el área NE y 87 en el área E. El análisis de los resultados mostró una asociación significante(p=0,001) entre el local donde viven y la sospecha de atraso en el DNPM, siendo identificado un mayor riesgo(OR=3,51) entre los niños que habitan las comunidades próximas al parque industrial del municipio. Fueron aún asociados significativamente con el cierre la edad materna(p=0,03)y la posición del niño como segundo hijo (p=0,04), siendo que este último se mostró como factor de protección. Fue también observada una fuerte tendencia (p=0,06) de asociación de la escolaridad materna con la sospecha de atraso en el DNPM. No fueron observadas diferencias significativas entre las áreas en cuanto a la condición socio-económica. Estos resultados nos sugieren que, más allá de los factores ya comunmente apuntados como determinantes para el DNPM, el local donde viven en las cercanías del parque industrial del municipio podría constituirse un factor de riesgo adicional para el desarrollo infantil, debido a una mayor exposición a la polución ambiental. Sugerimos la realización de otros estudios que puedan auxiliar en la interpretación de esos resultados.
64

caracterizacao radioquimica e impacto radiologico ambiental no processamento de cassiterita para producao de estanho e chumbo metalicos / Radiochemical characterization and environmental radiological impact in tin and lead processing from casiterite

GARCIA, MARCIA A.A. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A indústria produtora de estanho e chumbo metálicos localizada em Pirapora do Bom Jesus, estado de São Paulo é responsável pela produção anual de cerca de 7000 toneladas de estanho e 350 toneladas de chumbo. A matéria prima utilizada nesse processamento é a cassiterita a qual apresenta em sua composição concentrações de radionuclídeos naturais de urânio e tório de 660 kBq kg-1 e 450 kBq kg-1 respectivamente. O processamento metalúrgico de redução e refino permite que esses radioanuclídeos fiquem concentrados principalmente no material particulado gerado pelas chaminés e pela dispersão da escória gerada que é estocada a céu aberto. A quantidade dessa escória rejeito atualmente estocada é estimada em 600000 toneladas. Esse trabalho pretende estudar o impacto radiológico ambiental da operação desse processamento e estabelecer seu Programa de Monitoramento Radiológico Ambiental (PMRA). Visando à realização desse trabalho, os contaminantes radioativos foram determinados na matéria prima, produtos, subprodutos, resíduo, lagoas e sistemas de exaustão. Na matéria prima os radionuclídeos provenientes da série de decaimento do urânio e do tório, apresentam-se praticamente em equilíbrio; durante o processamento esse equilíbrio é quebrado e os radionuclídeos migram de acordo com suas propriedades químicas. Concentrações de 31 kBq kg-1 para 238U, 69 kBq kg-1 para 226Ra, 2.5 kBq kg-1 para 210Pb, 130 kBq kg-1 para 232Th e 120 kBq kg-1 para 228Ra foram obtidas para escória rejeito. O impacto radiológico ambiental foi estabelecido pelo monitoramento dos radionuclídeos nos compartimentos críticos os quais podem causar doses de exposições ao público. Se a pilha de escória rejeito for considerada, os caminhos críticos são a exposição interna devido à inalação da poeira e a ingestão de água, decorrentes da re-suspensão e dispersão da pilha e da contaminação do lençol freático, respectivamente. Exposições externas se devem à imersão na nuvem radioativa e aos solos contaminados. Para a emissão de efluentes gasosos e materiais particulados das chaminés, os caminhos críticos são a exposição interna oriunda da inalação do radônio e exposição externa devido à imersão na nuvem radioativa e ao solo contaminado. As matrizes ambientais críticas definidas foram: águas subterrâneas, solo e ar, e os radionuclídeos U, Th, 226Ra, 228Ra e 210Pb. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
65

Ocorrência de câncer na região oeste do Paraná: análise a partir da ocupação e exposição a agrotóxicos / Occurrence of cancer in the west region of Paraná: analysis from occupation and exposure to agrochemicals

Ruths, Jéssica Cristina 05 April 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-22T18:52:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Jéssica Cristina Ruths.pdf: 1101497 bytes, checksum: d7d0df7a3cdd14478c636990fcf83cd7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T18:52:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Jéssica Cristina Ruths.pdf: 1101497 bytes, checksum: d7d0df7a3cdd14478c636990fcf83cd7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-05 / The pesticides affect human health due to its intrinsic toxicity, producing effects that vary according to the active principle, the absorbed dose and the form of exposure. Among the various effects of these substances stands out the association with the occurrence of cancer. Thus, the objective was to analyze the association between exposure to pesticides and the occurrence of cancer in the populations of the municipalities of Anahy and Vera Cruz do Oeste, Paraná. Two studies were developed that gave origin to two articles. In the first one, a documentary, cross-sectional and quantitative study was developed. Data collection was performed in the Hospital Registry of Cancer (Integrator RHC) system, the time period selected for analysis was from 2012 to 2014. The variables selected were occupation, primary location of the neoplasm and the municipality of residence. For comparisons between the categories we used the Chi-square test for K proportions, followed by the Marascuilo procedure. In the second, a field survey was carried out in the municipalities of Anahy and Vera Cruz do Oeste, through the application of a semi-structured interview script, with individuals who had or had cancer and were exposed to pesticides at some point in their previous life. Data collection took place from October 2016 to April 2017. Quantitative data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel Software, while qualitative data were used to counter or reinforce quantitative data. The first study identified a statistically significant difference for neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx, with a greater proportion of occurrence among military, police, military and firefighters; for melanomas and other skin cancers, with the highest proportion among agricultural, forestry and fishing workers; for breast neoplasms, with a higher proportion among administrative service workers; for female genital organ neoplasms, where the largest was between male and female administrative services and male genital organs, with a higher proportion of military, police, military and firefighters. In the second study the results showed that 46.88% of the individuals who had or had cancer in Anahy and 32% in Vera Cruz do Oeste were exposed to pesticides prior to the diagnosis of cancer. There was a predominance of elderly individuals, farmers and low schooling. The main activities were the harvesting, planting, carpiring and the application of agrochemicals. Temporality was, in general, expressive, 56.42% of the population was exposed for more than 30 years. It was identified contact with 19 formulas of pesticides, of these, 47.36% do not have release of use, since they were considered harmful to human and environmental health. There was a prevalence of skin, prostate and breast cancers, respectively. The present study poses that occupational exposure may contribute to the illness of specific groups and that the results do not rule out the influence of exposure to pesticides in the occurrence of cancer. / Os agrotóxicos repercutem na saúde humana devido a sua toxicidade intrínseca, produzindo efeitos que variam conforme o princípio ativo, a dose absorvida e a forma de exposição. Entre os vários efeitos destas substâncias destaca-se a associação com a ocorrência de câncer. Sendo assim, objetivou-se analisar a ssociação entre exposição a agrotóxicos e a ocorrência de câncer nas populações dos municípios de Anahy e Vera Cruz do Oeste, Paraná. Foram desenvolvidos dois estudos que deram origema dois artigos. No primeiro desenvolveu-se um estudo documental, transversal e de natureza quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada no sistema de Registro Hospitalar de Câncer (Integrador RHC), o período de tempo selecionado para análise foram os anos de 2012 a 2014. As variáveis selecionadas foram a ocupação, a localização primária da neoplasia e o município de residência. Para comparações entre as categorias se utilizou o teste de Qui Quadrado para K proporções, seguido do procedimento de Marascuilo. Já no segundo foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, nos municípios de Anahy e Vera Cruz do Oeste, através da aplicação de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, com indivíduos que têm ou tiveram câncer e foram expostos a agrotóxicos em algum momento da vida pregressa. A coleta de dados se deu no período de outubro de 2016 a abril de 2017. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados com base na estatística descritiva, através do Software Microsoft Excel, enquanto os qualitativos foram utilizados para contrapor ou reforçar os quantitativos. O primeiro trabalho identificou diferença estatisticamente significativa para neoplasias de lábio, cavidade oral e faringe, sendo maior a proporção da ocorrência entre os trabalhadores das forças armadas, policiais, militares e bombeiros; para melanomas e outras neoplasias de pele, com a maior proporção entre trabalhadores agropecuários, florestais e da pesca; para neoplasias de mama, com maior proporção entre trabalhadores de serviços administrativos; para neoplasias de órgãos genitais femininos, onde a maior foi entre proporção trabalhadores de serviços administrativos e mercados e para neoplasias de órgãos genitais masculino com maior a proporção entre trabalhadores das forças armadas, policiais, militares e bombeiros. No segundo trabalho os resultados mostraram que 46,88% dos indivíduos que têm ou tiveram câncer em Anahy e 32% em Vera Cruz do Oeste, foram expostos aos agrotóxicos previamente ao diagnóstico do câncer. Houve predomínio de indivíduos idosos, agricultores e com baixa escolaridade. As principais atividades realizadas foram a colheita, o plantio, o ato de carpir e a aplicação de agrotóxicos. A temporalidade, em geral, foi expressiva, 56,42% da população esteve exposta por mais de 30 anos. Identificou-se contato com 19 fórmulas de agrotóxicos, destas, 47,36% não possuem liberação de uso, pois foram consideradas nocivas à saúde humana e ambiental. Houve prevalência de cânceres de pele, próstata e mama, respectivamente. O presente estudo coloca que a exposição ocupacional, pode contribuir para o adoecimento de grupos específicos e que o os resultados não descartam a influência da exposição aos agrotóxicos na ocorrência de câncer.
66

Características estruturais e estereológicas  do plexo cardíaco de camundongos expostos à poluição ambiental / Stereological and Structural characteristics of the cardiac plexus in mice exposed to environmental air pollution

Karina do Valle Marques 25 May 2012 (has links)
Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram determinar a morfologia do plexo cardíaco e verificar se o coração de camundongos é alterado pela exposição à poluição atmosférica em relação ao peso, ao número de neurônios e gânglios. Camundongos foram mantidos em câmaras situadas próximas a vias de trafego intenso em São Paulo. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=5) segundo a exposição à poluição atmosférica no período gestacional e/ou pós natal: ar filtrado (F-F), ar não filtrado (NF-NF), ar filtrado e ar não filtrado (F-NF) e ar não filtrado e ar filtrado (NF-F). Ao atingirem 120 dias de vida, os animais foram eutanasiados e seus corações removidos. O número de neurônios cardíacos assim como seu volume, volume do gânglio, área do neurônio, perímetro e o diâmetro de Feret máximo (FMax) e mínimo (FMin) foram estimados por meio de avaliações morfométricas e estereológicas. Os neurônios e gânglios cardíacos foram corados pelo método de Giemsa. As fibras colágenas foram identificadas pelo método de Picro-sirius sob luz polarizada. Verificou-se que as fibras colágenas tipo III são predominantes na cápsula do gânglio nos grupos NF-F e NF-NF. O peso corpóreo foi significativamente menor nos animais que foram expostos no período pós natal (F-NF, NF-NF) quando comparados aos grupos F-F e NF-F. A média do perímetro neuronal foi maior no grupo F-F que nos grupos expostos no período gestacional e pós natal (F-NF, NF-F e NF-NF). O FMax foi estatisticamente diferente entre o grupos expostos no período pós natal (F-NF e NF-NF) (p<0,05). Houve uma redução significativa no volume dos neurônios nos grupos F-NF e NF-NF. Os resultados permitem especular que a mudanças no controle autonômico do coração resultante da exposição à poluição atmosférica, pode ser relacionado a alterações no desenvolvimento do plexo cardíaco / The aims of the present study were to determine the cardiac plexus morphology and to test whether or not the heart of the mice alters in weight, neuronal and ganglia number with air pollution exposure. Mice were maintained in exposure chambers situated close to a busy crossroads in São Paulo. Animals were grouped in to four groups (n=5) according to prenatal and/or postnatal exposure to air pollution: filtered air (F-F); non-filtered air (NFNF); filtered and non-filtered air (F-NF); non-filtered and filtered air (NF-F). Reaching 120 days of life, the animals were euthanized for obtaining their hearts. The number of cardiac neurons as well as their volume, ganglion volume, neuron sectional area, perimeter and maximum (FMax) and minimum (FMin) Ferrets diameter were estimated under the stereological and morphometric aspects. The cardiac neurons and ganglia were stained employing the Giemsa method. Collagen fibers were identified by Picro-sirius under polarized light. Type III collagen fibers predominate in the ganglion capsule of the NF-F and NF-NF groups. Body weight was significantly reduced in those animals exposed to air pollution postnatally (F-NF, NF-NF) when compared to groups F-F and NF-F. The average of the neuronal perimeter was larger in F-F group than in those groups with gestational and postnatal exposure (F-NF, NF-F and NF-NF). The volume, volume do gânglio, área do neurônio, perímetro e o diâmetro de Feret máximo FMax was statistically different among the groups exposed to air pollution postnatally (F-NF and NF-NF) (p<0.05). A decrease in the total neuronal volume was significantly detected in F-NF and NF-F groups. The mean neuron volume was significant in the F-NF and NF-NF. Our results, allow us to speculate that changes in autonomic control of heart resulting from exposure to air pollution may be linked to alterations in the development of the cardiac plexus
67

The Potential Role of Environmental Exposures and Genomic Signaling in Development of Central Nervous System Tumors

Kunkle, Brian W 14 November 2011 (has links)
The etiology of central nervous system tumors (CNSTs) is mainly unknown. Aside from extremely rare genetic conditions, such as neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis, the only unequivocally identified risk factor is exposure to ionizing radiation, and this explains only a very small fraction of cases. Using meta-analysis, gene networking and bioinformatics methods, this dissertation explored the hypothesis that environmental exposures produce genetic and epigenetic alterations that may be involved in the etiology of CNSTs. A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies of pesticides and pediatric brain tumors revealed a significantly increased risk of brain tumors among children whose mothers had farm-related exposures during pregnancy. A dose response was recognized when this risk estimate was compared to those for risk of brain tumors from maternal exposure to non-agricultural pesticides during pregnancy, and risk of brain tumors among children exposed to agricultural activities. Through meta-analysis of several microarray studies which compared normal tissue to astrocytomas, we were able to identify a list of 554 genes which were differentially expressed in the majority of astrocytomas. Many of these genes have in fact been implicated in development of astrocytoma, including EGFR, HIF-1α, c-Myc, WNT5A, and IDH3A. Reverse engineering of these 554 genes using Bayesian network analysis produced a gene network for each grade of astrocytoma (Grade I-IV), and ‘key genes’ within each grade were identified. Genes found to be most influential to development of the highest grade of astrocytoma, Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were: COL4A1, EGFR, BTF3, MPP2, RAB31, CDK4, CD99, ANXA2, TOP2A, and SERBP1. Lastly, bioinformatics analysis of environmental databases and curated published results on GBM was able to identify numerous potential pathways and gene-environment interactions that may play key roles in astrocytoma development. Findings from this research have strong potential to advance our understanding of the etiology and susceptibility to CNSTs. Validation of our 'key genes' and pathways could potentially lead to useful tools for early detection and novel therapeutic options for these tumors.
68

Effets sanitaires aigus de l'exposition aux pesticides en milieu rural : étude dans un pays du nord : étude PhytoRiv : étude dans un pays du sud : PhytoNiger / Acute Sanitary effects of Pesticides exposure in rural areas : a study in a Northern Country : PhytoRiv : a Study in a Southern Country : PhytoNiger

Mamane, Ali 20 April 2015 (has links)
L’utilisation des pesticides peut être à l’origine de graves nuisances pour la santé humaine,comme l’ont montré les études en milieu professionnel agricole.L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les manifestations, principalement respiratoires etsurvenant à court terme, dans la population générale exposée aux pesticides utilisés enagriculture.Les résultats de deux études épidémiologiques, Phytoriv, menée en Gironde et Phytoniger, plusexploratoire, sont présentés, toutes deux menées au sein de population d’adultes et d’enfantsvivant en milieu rural.L’étude Phytoriv a mis en évidence la présence de concentrations faibles mais plus élevées depesticides dans l’air ambiant à proximité de zones viticoles traitées et a permis de recueillir surune période de une à trois semaines les symptômes ressentis par les riverains de manièrejournalière. L’absence d’effet majeur de l’exposition sur la santé respiratoire chez les riverainsobservée dans cette étude demande à être confirmée, en améliorant notamment l’estimationtemporelle et spatiale de l’exposition.L’étude Phytoniger a permis de démontrer la faisabilité d’une étude de santé environnementaledans un pays en développement. L’utilisation de pesticides non autorisés et potentiellementdangereux, pour des usages agricoles mais également domestiques, est importante au Niger etpose la question de leur impact sur la santé des populations. Certains symptômes respiratoiresétaient plus fréquemment observés en zone agricole humide, où les usages de pesticides, maiségalement les feux de démoustication, sont plus importants qu’en zone sahélienne agropastorale.Enfin, dans les deux études Phytoriv et Phytoniger, des risques plus élevés de symptômesrespiratoires étaient observés, notamment chez les enfants, en lien avec l’utilisation domestiquede pesticides.A l’avenir, une caractérisation plus précise des sources, niveaux et déterminants d’exposition dela population générale permettrait d’améliorer les connaissances sur le lien avec la survenue desymptômes et pathologies respiratoires et d’identifier les axes d’intervention les plus pertinents. / Pesticides are widely used in agriculture worldwide. However, it is now recognised thatoccupational pesticide exposure, especially in agriculture, can pose serious health concerns. Weaimed to study short term respiratory symptoms in general populations exposed to pesticidesused in agriculture.Here we present results of two epidemiological studies, Phytoriv, performed in Bordeaux area,France, and Phytoniger, performed in a Sahelian African country, both among rural adult andchildren populations.Higher pesticide levels in ambient air were observed in the surrounding of vineyards in Phytoriv.However, no major effect was observed on resident’s respiratory health. This need to beconfirmed by studies with improved temporal and spatial exposure assessment.Phytoniger allowed us to show the feasibility of environmental health studies in a developingcountry. Unauthorized and hazardous pesticides are widely used in Niger, for agricultural as wellas for residential purposes, and concerns are growing on their potential health effects. Some ofthe short term respiratory symptoms were more frequent in the agricultural wetland area,compared to the Sahelian agro-pastoral area. Pesticides are more susceptible to be used in thefirst area, but it is also more subject to mosquito control fires.Finally in both surveys, higher risks of respiratory symptoms have been observed for peopleliving in houses treated with indoor pesticides, and especially in children.All these results warrants further studies to improve assessment of sources, exposure levels anddeterminants of pesticide exposure in the general population, in order to improve knowledge onits respiratory and short term health effects. Thus, relevant public health interventions could beperformed.
69

Perturbation endocrinienne pendant la grossesse et anomalies précoces du système reproducteur : analyses à partir de cohortes mère-enfant / Endocrine disruption during pregnancy and early reproductive anomalies : analyses from birth cohort studies

Warembourg, Charline 14 December 2016 (has links)
Depuis plusieurs décennies, le rôle des expositions environnementales dans l’apparition des anomalies de la reproduction suscite l’intérêt de la communauté scientifique. La période prénatale est une phase critique du développement et l’exposition à des substances chimiques au cours de la grossesse pourrait avoir des conséquences sur la santé de l’enfant et de l’adulte. De nombreuses études chez l’animal ont mis en évidence que diverses molécules chimiques étaient toxiques pour la reproduction et le développement et que certaines d’entre elles étaient capables d’interférer avec le système endocrinien. Chez l’Homme, les effets de l’exposition prénatale à des substances susceptibles d’altérer l’équilibre hormonal du fœtus restent mal documentés. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’étudier l’effet de l’exposition prénatale à certains polluants chimiques en s’intéressant à deux indicateurs d’anomalie du développement du système reproducteur à la naissance : les niveaux d’hormones sexuelles et les malformations congénitales de l’appareil génital du garçon. Ce travail s’appuie sur les données issues de cohortes mère-enfants françaises ayant recruté des femmes enceintes au cours de leur grossesse et pour lesquelles des prélèvements biologiques ont permis la mesure de l’exposition. Les classes chimiques plus spécifiquement étudiées dans cette thèse comprennent les polluants organiques persistants (polychlorobiphényles, pesticides organochlorés et retardateurs de flamme bromés) et les éthers de glycol, une classe de solvants oxygénés. Les études menées mettent en évidence des effets sur le développement du système reproducteur, potentiellement associés à des mécanismes de perturbation endocrinienne, en lien avec l’exposition prénatale aux deux familles de polluants étudiées. Des modifications des niveaux d’hormones sexuelles sont observées en association avec l’exposition prénatale à divers polluants organiques persistants. L’exposition prénatale à certains éthers de glycol est associée à une augmentation du risque d’hypospade ainsi qu’à des modifications des niveaux d’hormones sexuelles. Ces résultats mettent en évidence les effets d’expositions prénatales à des polluants chimiques ubiquitaires, sur le système endocrinien du fœtus. / From last decades, researchers had increased interest about the impact of environmental exposure on reproductive impairments. The fetal life is a crucial period of development and exposure to chemical during gestation may lead to adverse health outcomes at birth or later in life. Several toxicological studies have reported that some chemicals are reproductive and developmental toxicants and that some of them are able to interact with the endocrine system. In humans, evidence about the endocrine effects of these molecules is limited. The aim of this thesis is to study the effect of prenatal exposure to chemicals on two endocrine-sensitive endpoints at birth: sex hormone levels and congenital anomalies of the genitalia. This work is based on data collected in two French mother-child cohorts that included pregnant women during pregnancy and collected biological samples to perform exposure assessment. Two chemicals classes are studies including persistent organic pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) and glycol ethers, a class of oxygenated solvent. The studies conducted show effects of prenatal exposure to both classes of chemicals on endocrine-sensitive endpoints related to reproductive health. Modifications of sex hormone levels are observed in association with exposure to various persistent organic pollutants. Prenatal exposure to some glycol ethers is associated with an increased risk of hypospadias and with modifications of sex hormone levels. These results highlight the effect of prenatal exposure to ubiquitous chemicals, on the endocrine system of the fetus.
70

Association between polyclonal and mixed mycobacterial Mycobacterium avium complex infection and environmental exposure / 肺Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)症におけるMAC多クローンおよび複数抗酸菌感染と環境暴露の関連

Fujita, Kohei 24 March 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18161号 / 医博第3881号 / 新制||医||1003(附属図書館) / 31019 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊達 洋至, 教授 杉田 昌彦, 教授 中山 健夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Page generated in 0.0462 seconds