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FEW ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCES DETECTION TECHNIQUES ON THE RUBY SURFACELi, Xiying 14 July 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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X-band EPR Spectroscopy of Spin-labeled Membrane Biomolecules Incorporated into Magnetically Aligned Phospholipid BilayersCardon, Thomas B. 14 August 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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SPIN-LABELED DNA CATIONIC LIGAND INTERACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NON-VIRAL GENE THERAPYZietlow, Christopher Mark 11 October 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A NOVEL PULSED EPR APPROACH FOR MEMBRANE PROTEIN LOCAL SECONDARY STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATIONliu, lishan 16 September 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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<b>Metallomechanisms: Investigation of organometallic catalysts and metalloprotein mechanisms through the use of electron paramagnetic resonance</b>Andrew Thomas Poore (20916779) 21 March 2025 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">The E2 domain of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a copper binding domain of unknown function. We perform spectroscopic analyses, including extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), UV-Vis, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to investigate the E2 domain. The combination of these spectroscopies revealed a labile water ligand in the primary coordination sphere of the Cu(II) cofactor, suggesting E2 has the ability to interact with small molecules in solution. Previous studies have debated the ability of E2 to behave as a ferroxidase, oxidizing ferrous iron into ferric iron, in physiologically relevant conditions. Recent data has suggested that E2 does not bind to Fe(II) nor does it catalyze its oxidation under multiple turnover conditions. We reexamine these results under single turnover conditions using both stopped-flow absorption and EPR to determine that Cu(I)-E2 can catalyze the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III), likely through an outer sphere electron transfer mechanism. This may have been obscured in studies that utilize multiple turnover conditions as Cu(I)-E2 has reacts with oxygen significantly slower than the single turnover rate for ferroxidase activity. In search of oxidants that could more quickly perform the oxidation of Cu(I)-E2 into Cu(II)-E2, we found that Cu(I)-E2 can react with oxidants linked to Alzheimer’s disease, including superoxide and peroxynitrite, with a second order rate constant in the range of 10<sup>5</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> while maintaining the integrity of its active site over multiple turnovers. This suggests that E2 plays a crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress through its solvent exposed copper-binding site.</p><p dir="ltr">The reduction of peroxynitrite by Cu(I)-enzymes is poorly understood. We utilize the colorometric Griess assay to determine reduction of peroxynitrite forms an equal amount of both nitrite and nitrate in solution indicating the reduction of peroxynitrite occurs via a single electron transfer mechanism. Further, we had interest in understanding the effect that secondary sphere residues have on the ability of E2 to remove peroxynitrite. Mutagenesis at Lys435 impacted the rate of peroxynitrite reduction from solution. Results obtained highlight the impact of secondary sphere interactions, with electrostatic and steric factors modulating substrate recruitment.</p><p dir="ltr">While we extensively studied the E2 domain of APP, we have begun to examine the role of other rigidly folded domains in APP, as well as full-length APP. While the D1 and D2 subdomains of APP are reported to bind Cu(II) with similar affinities, we show that the Cu(II)-D2 survives a PD-10 desalting column but Cu(II) is separated from D1 under the same conditions. We have spectroscopically characterized the D2 domain of APP and examined its potential reactivity. In addition to work on the subdomains, we report that APP is capable of binding to three equivalents of copper. Cellular and organismal studies demonstrate that APP potentially acts as a ferroxidase, aiding iron efflux. In Vitro studies on the protein system do not have this activity. The lack of activity could be due to APP being purified in its apo-form. We report that holo-APP has ferroxidase activity with a steady state turnover rate that is similar to the known serum ferroxidase, ceruloplasmin.</p><p dir="ltr">In addition to our protein work, we utilized EPR as a tool to study organometallic systems. We utilize EPR to determine the nature of the electronic structure of a series of organometallic complexes including organic radicals, d-block metals, and f-block metals. Additionally, we utilize EPR to study transient intermediates in organocopper systems. We highlight the mechanism of an organocopper catalyst where EPR reveals the presence of a transient paramagnetic Cu(II) species formed after treatment of the starting Cu(I) catalyst with a diazonium salt. This signal instantly disappeared after addition of an alkyl iodide to solution, forming a catalytically relevant organo-Cu(III) species that our collaborators characterize by crystallography and computational work. This study demonstrated the critical pathway for stepwise oxidative addition of substrate to an organocopper catalyst and provided insight into the electronic and structural properties that influence reactivity and stability.</p>
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Caracterização química da cerâmica marajoara / CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MARAJOARA CERAMICSRosimeiri Galbiati Toyota 11 February 2009 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram determinadas as concentrações elementares de Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb e Zn por meio da análise por ativação com nêutrons instrumental (INAA) em 204 fragmentos cerâmicos arqueológicos Marajoara, dos quais, 156 foram cedidos pelo Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da USP (MAE) e 48 cedidos pela Profª Denise Pahl Schaan, curadora do Museu do Marajó, além de 9 cerâmicas contemporâneas produzidas e comercializadas na Ilha do Marajó. Realizaram-se análises por espectroscopia de ressonância paramagnétca eletrônica (EPR) em 8 amostras arqueológicas e 1 amostra contemporânea para identificar a temperatura de queima e análises de difratometria de raio-X (XRD) em 13 amostras arqueológicas e 2 amostras contemporâneas para o estudo da composição mineralógica. O estudo das amostras discrepantes foi realizado por meio da distância Mahalanobis e o efeito do tempero adicionado à pasta cerâmica por meio do filtro modificado Mahalanobis. Os resultados foram interpretados utilizando-se a análise de conglomerados, análise de componentes principais e análise discriminante. A análise Procrustes, utilizada para o estudo de seleção de variáveis, mostrou que as variáveis Ce, Fe, Eu, Hf, K e Th são suficientes para caracterizar as amostras analisadas. O estudo comparativo entre as amostras arqueológicas e contemporâneas apresentou a formação de dois grupos bem definidos e próximos para as cerâmicas arqueológicas, e a formação de um terceiro grupo distante para as amostras contemporâneas, indicando que as amostras arqueológicas são bem diferentes das amostras contemporâneas. Tanto as análises de EPR, quanto de XRD, não apresentaram fatores relevantes para a diferenciação entre as amostras arqueológicas e contemporâneas. / In this study the elemental concentration of Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb and Zn were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in 204 fragments of Marajoara archeological ceramics, of which 156 were provided by the Archeology and Etnology Museum of São Paulo University (MAE) and 48 were provided by Dr. Denise Pahl Schaan, Marajó Museum curator. Also, 9 contemporary ceramics produced and marketed at Marajó Island were analyzed. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses were performed in 8 archeological samples and 1 contemporary sample in order to identify the burning temperature of the samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed in 13 archeological samples and 2 contemporary samples for the investigation of their mineralogical composition. Mahalanobis distance was used for the study of outlier while modified filter was used for the study of the temper added to the ceramic paste. Result interpretation was performed using cluster analysis, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis. Procrustes analysis was used for variable selection and it showed that the Ce, Fe, Eu, Hf, K and Th variables are adequate for the characterization of the analyzed samples. The comparative study among the archeological and contemporary ceramics showed the arrangement of two well-defined and close groups for the archeological samples and a third, distant group for the contemporary ones. This result indicates that the archeological and contemporary ceramics differ in their composition. EPR and XRD analysis were inconclusive for the differentiation of archeological and contemporaty ceramics.
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Caracterização estrutural de agregados formados pelo antifúngico anfotericina B e lipídios catiônicos: uma possível formulação farmacológica / Structural characterization of aggregates formed by the antifungal drug amphotericin B and cationic lipids: a possible pharmacological formulationOliveira, Tiago Ribeiro de 18 December 2008 (has links)
A Anfotericina B (AB) é um antibiótico antifúngico natural, do grupo dos polienos, produzido por cultura de bactérias Streptomyces nodosus. A AB foi isolada pela primeira vez em 1953, e desde então tem sido utilizada extensivamente no tratamento clínico de infecções sistêmicas. Como a AB é altamente insolúvel em meio aquoso, a formulação de escolha tem sido dispersões aquosas de micelas mistas de AB e desoxicolato de sódio (Fungizon). Entretanto, a alta toxicidade deste fármaco tem estimulado a proposição de várias outras formulações. O presente trabalho estuda uma dessas formulações alternativas propostas: agregados de AB e Brometo de dioctadecildimetilamônio (DODAB). O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi tentar avaliar, numa visão estrutural, as propriedades e peculiaridades envolvidas na interação da AB com as dispersões de DODAB. Neste trabalho, centrou-se no estudo de dispersões de DODAB, sonicadas (DODABS) e não sonicadas (DODABNS), onde o antibiótico estivesse, principalmente, na forma monomérica, tendo em vista a proposta baixa toxicidade da AB enquanto monômero. Para avaliar estes sistemas utilizaram-se as técnicas de absorção óptica, calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC) e a Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica (RPE) de marcadores de spin incorporados nos agregados lipídicos. Mostrou-se que a AB monomérica incorpora-se tanto em vesículas de DODABNS, como nos pequenos agregados de DODABS, sendo maior sua incorporação nestes últimos. Foi possível mostrar que até a fração molar (AB/DODAB) de 1,2 mol% a AB está totalmente monomérica, incorporada em agregados de DODABS, mas somente parcialmente em vesículas de DODABNS. Nas bicamadas de DODABNS, a preferência da AB monomérica é pela fase gel, 40 % incorporada, comparada com 23 % na fase fluida. As várias técnicas indicam que a AB encontra-se na superfície da bicamada, com seu cromóforo hidrofóbico enxergando um meio de polarizabilidade maior do que a da água, tanto em DODABS como em DODABNS. Marcadores de spin mostram a coexistência de domínios lipídicos em fases diferentes, gel e fluida, a baixas temperaturas, em DODABS. Curiosamente, indicam que a AB monomérica interage, preferencialmente, com os domínios mais fluidos, em desacordo com a observada maior afinidade da AB pela fase gel de bicamadas lipídicas de DODABNS. O estudo termo-estrutural de dispersões de DODABNS e DODABS aqui apresentado, na presença e ausência de AB, pode ser relevante na proposta de novas formulações farmacológicas. / Amphotericin B (AB) is a natural antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces nodosus, with a very potent antifungal activity. It is a polyene macrolide molecule, isolated in 1953. Since then, it has been extensively used in the treatment of systemic mycotic infections. Considering AB very low solubility in aqueous medium, it has been largely used as an aqueous dispersion of sodium deoxycholate-AB mixed micelles (Fungizon). However, the high toxicity of this preparation has led to the proposition of different other formulations. The present work focuses on one of the proposed preparations, namely aggregates formed by AB and the cationic lipid dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DODAB). Considering the proposed low toxicity of monomeric AB, the present work studies DODAB dispersions, sonicated (DODABS) and non-sonicated (DODABNS), where AB is mostly monomeric. To the structural analysis, optical absorption, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron spin resonance of spin labels incorporated in the aggregates were used. It was found that AB as a monomer incorporates in aggregates present in both dispersions, DODABS and DODABNS, but the incorporation of monomeric AB in the small fragments present in DODABS is much larger. It was shown that AB incorporates in DODABS aggregates, as a monomer, up to AB/DODAB concentration of 1.2 mol%. At this concentration, only 40 % and 23 % of AB molecules are in the monomeric state in the gel and fluid phases of DODABNS bilayers, respectively. Hence, the gel phase of DODABNS bilayers favors the monomerization of AB, as compared to the bilayer fluid phase. All the applied techniques point to a superficial interaction of monomeric AB with DODAB aggregates, with the hydrophobic polyene chromophor positioned relatively inside the bilayer, in a region of polarizability higher than that of water, in both dispersions, DODABS and DODABNS. Spin labels indicate the coexistence of gel and fluid domains in DODABS aggregates, at low temperatures, supporting the proposed hypothesis of the presence of bilayer fragments in the dispersion. Contrarily to the higher detected affinity of monomeric AB for the gel phase, as compared to the fluid phase of DADABNS bilayers, spin labels indicate that monomeric AB is mostly adsorbed at the fluid domain of the fragments, possibly corresponding to the periphery of the fragments. The thermal-structural study presented here of DODABNS and DODABS, in the presence and absence of AB, can be relevant in the design of new pharmaceutical formulations.
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Estudos da enzima clorocatecol 1,2-dioxigenase por EPR convencional e da estrutura dinâmica de biomembranas por EPR pulsada bidimensional / EPR studies of the enzyme chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase and of the dynamic structure of biomembranesCosta Filho, Antônio José da 06 November 2001 (has links)
Neste trabalho, usamos a técnica de Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica em seu modo convencional para o estudo da enzima clorocatecol 1,2-dioxigenase e em seu modo pulsado para o estudo da estrutura dinâmica de biomembranas. Clorocatecol 1,2-dioxigenase é uma enzima que catalisa a clivagem de estruturas aromáticas, como a do clorocatecol, via a a ativação e incorporação de uma molécula de oxigênio e que possui em seu sítio ativo um íon Fe(III). Nossos resultados de CD e atividade enzimática mostram o intervalo de temperaturas entre 20-25 ºC como aquele no qual a enzima apresenta atividade máxima. A maior contribuição para sua estrutura secundária vem de folhas β anti-paralela. A quantificação do número de spin feita por EPR indicou a presença de um íon Fe(III) por molécula de CCD, estando esse íon em estado de spin alto e simetria rômbica, como se depreende da linha estreita em g=4,3. Os parâmetros de desdobramentos de campo zero foram determinados pela medida em função da temperatura da linha em g=4,3, fornecendo λ=E/D=1/3 e D=(1,3±0,2) cm -1. O gráfico de Scatchard construído a partir dos espectros de EPR quando da titulação da enzima com o substrato catecol indicou a presença de um único sítio ligante de catecol, em acordo com a quantificação anterior do metal, e cuja constante de afinidade enzima-substrato é k=(2,7±0,1)x10-6 M. No que tange a EPR pulsado, foram utilizadas as chamadas técnicas modernas de EPR, com ênfase em 2D-ELDOR, para a investigação de diversos aspectos em membranas de interesse biológico. Primeiramente, investigamos a diferenciação entre a fase de líquido ordenado (Lo) e a de líquido cristalino (Lc) em membranas modelo de lipídio puro e lipídio/colesterol (1/1) contendo diferentes marcadores de spin (16-PC, CSL e DPPTC). Aí mostramos que é possível distinguir-se diferentes fases lipídicas apenas por simples inspeção visual dos espectros de 2D-ELDOR de um determinado marcador de spin incorporado à membrana. Além disso, realizamos simulações através do pacote de programas NLSPMC e determinamos as diferenças quantitativas entre as fases lipídicas: o estado de líquido ordenado apresenta maior fluidez e ordenamento na região das cadeias acílicas, ao passo que, na região da cabeça polar, mostra menor ordenamento. Em seguida, estudamos o efeito da presença de colesterol em alta concentração sobre o comportamento da membrana como função da temperatura. Nesse caso, o colesterol atua de maneira a manter a membrana em uma fase altamente ordenada e fluída dentro do intervalo de temperaturas medido, abolindo a transição gel-Lc do lipídio DPPC. Uma tentativa de aplicação de nossa metodologia ao estudo de membranas biológicas foi feita ao estudarmos membranas bleb que são ricas em colesterol. Estas mostram comportamento semelhante àquele observado para as membranas modelo com alta concentração de colesterol, um indicativo da existência de domínios Lo naquelas membranas biológicas. Por fim, estudamos o efeito da presença do peptídeo Gramicidina A\' (GA) sobre a estrutura da membrana de DPPC. Os resultados de 2DELDOR mostram claramente a presença de duas populações de lipídios (\"boundary\" e \"bulk\"). As simulações desses espectros foram as primeiras feitas com espectros contendo duas componentes e com os dados nas formas Sc- e Secsy. Essas mostram que os lipídios \"bulk\" são pouco afetados pela presença de moléculas de GA, ao passo que os lipídios \"boundary\" têm suas cadeias acílicas dobradas na porção terminal em torno das moléculas de GA, mecanismo que suporta a formação de domínios em fase HII na membrana. / In this work, EPR-CW and 2D-FT-EPR are used to study the enzyme chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase and the dynamic structure of biological relevant membranes, respectively. Chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (CCD) is a non-heme Fe(lIl) enzyme that catalyses the ring cleavage of aromatic compounds like chlorocatechol. The structure stability as a function of the temperature was determined via circular dichroism and catalytic activity assays. The enzyme has its maximum activity at 20-25 ºC. The main contribution to its secondary structure comes from antiparallel Β sheets. The iron content was determined by EPR measurements, indicating the presence of one Fe(llI) per molecule. The Fe(III) ion shows a very narrow line at g=4.3 indicating a high spin state in a rhombic symmetry with λ=E/D=1/3 and D=(1,3±0,2) cm -1. The Scatchard plot based on EPR spectra suggests the existence of one site for substrate binding with a binding constant k=(2,7±0,1)x10-6 M. As for 2D-FT-EPR, the so-called modem EPR techniques, like 2D-ELDOR, were used to investigate several aspects of biologically relevant membranes. Firstly, we determined the differences between the liquid-ordered (Lo) and the liquid-crystalline (Lc) phases in model membranes of pure lipid and of lipid/cholesterol (1/1) mixtures containing different spin labels (16-PC, CSL, and DPPTC). In this case, we show how 2D-ELDOR makes possible the differentiation between Lo and Lc phases just by a pattern recognition scheme. We also performed simulations of those spectra and the results are: the Lo phase shows higher fluidity and ordering in the acyl chain region, whereas it shows lower ordering in the headgroup polar region. After that the membrane behaviour as s function of temperature was studied. We showed that cholesterol maintains the membrane in a highly ordered and fluid structure over the entire range of temperatures, abolishing the gel-Lc phase transition of the lipid DPPC. The biological membrane bleb was the first attempt to apply our methodology to real membranes. The 2D-ELDOR results for bleb membranes indicate the existence of Lo domains in the structure of those membranes. Finally, we studied the effects of the peptide Gramicidin A\' (GA) on the lipid organization of DPPC membranes. The 2D-ELDOR results show very clear two-component spectra (assigned to bulk and ,boundary lipids), which were simulated by the NLSPMC programs. This is the first time that 2D-FT-EPR multi-component spectra are simulated using both the Sc- and Secsy formal. The simulations indicate that the GA molecules do not significantly affect the bulk lipid, whereas the boundary lipids present the end portion of their acyl chain bent towards the GA molecule. This mechanism is probably responsible for the local formation of the HII phase in the membranes.
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Caracterização química da cerâmica marajoara / CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MARAJOARA CERAMICSToyota, Rosimeiri Galbiati 11 February 2009 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram determinadas as concentrações elementares de Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb e Zn por meio da análise por ativação com nêutrons instrumental (INAA) em 204 fragmentos cerâmicos arqueológicos Marajoara, dos quais, 156 foram cedidos pelo Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da USP (MAE) e 48 cedidos pela Profª Denise Pahl Schaan, curadora do Museu do Marajó, além de 9 cerâmicas contemporâneas produzidas e comercializadas na Ilha do Marajó. Realizaram-se análises por espectroscopia de ressonância paramagnétca eletrônica (EPR) em 8 amostras arqueológicas e 1 amostra contemporânea para identificar a temperatura de queima e análises de difratometria de raio-X (XRD) em 13 amostras arqueológicas e 2 amostras contemporâneas para o estudo da composição mineralógica. O estudo das amostras discrepantes foi realizado por meio da distância Mahalanobis e o efeito do tempero adicionado à pasta cerâmica por meio do filtro modificado Mahalanobis. Os resultados foram interpretados utilizando-se a análise de conglomerados, análise de componentes principais e análise discriminante. A análise Procrustes, utilizada para o estudo de seleção de variáveis, mostrou que as variáveis Ce, Fe, Eu, Hf, K e Th são suficientes para caracterizar as amostras analisadas. O estudo comparativo entre as amostras arqueológicas e contemporâneas apresentou a formação de dois grupos bem definidos e próximos para as cerâmicas arqueológicas, e a formação de um terceiro grupo distante para as amostras contemporâneas, indicando que as amostras arqueológicas são bem diferentes das amostras contemporâneas. Tanto as análises de EPR, quanto de XRD, não apresentaram fatores relevantes para a diferenciação entre as amostras arqueológicas e contemporâneas. / In this study the elemental concentration of Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb and Zn were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in 204 fragments of Marajoara archeological ceramics, of which 156 were provided by the Archeology and Etnology Museum of São Paulo University (MAE) and 48 were provided by Dr. Denise Pahl Schaan, Marajó Museum curator. Also, 9 contemporary ceramics produced and marketed at Marajó Island were analyzed. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses were performed in 8 archeological samples and 1 contemporary sample in order to identify the burning temperature of the samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed in 13 archeological samples and 2 contemporary samples for the investigation of their mineralogical composition. Mahalanobis distance was used for the study of outlier while modified filter was used for the study of the temper added to the ceramic paste. Result interpretation was performed using cluster analysis, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis. Procrustes analysis was used for variable selection and it showed that the Ce, Fe, Eu, Hf, K and Th variables are adequate for the characterization of the analyzed samples. The comparative study among the archeological and contemporary ceramics showed the arrangement of two well-defined and close groups for the archeological samples and a third, distant group for the contemporary ones. This result indicates that the archeological and contemporary ceramics differ in their composition. EPR and XRD analysis were inconclusive for the differentiation of archeological and contemporaty ceramics.
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Atividade catalítica de compostos diimínicos de cobre (II) frente a oxidantes biológicos: Espécies Mono-, di- e tetranucleares / Catalytic activity of copper (II) diimine compounds against biological oxidants: Mono-, di- and tetranuclear speciesAlves, Wendel Andrade 15 February 2001 (has links)
Diferentes complexos de cobre(II) contendo um ligante tridentado do tipo imínico e um grupo imidazol foram preparados, na forma de sais perclorato, e caracterizados através de diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas (UV/Vis, IR, Raman e EPR). Em solução aquosa, estes compostos estão em equilíbrio com as correspondentes espécies dinucleares, onde os centros de cobre estão ligados através de uma ponte imidazolato. Em meio alcalino, estes compostos dinucleares e uma espécie tetranuclear foram também isolados e caracterizados. Medidas espectroscópicas e por eletroforese capilar, a diferentes pHs, permitiram estimar o valor da constante de equilíbrio num dos casos. A atividade catalítica desses complexos frente ao peróxido de hidrogênio e ao oxigênio molecular foi então comparada. A maioria dos compostos dinucleares e o tetranuclear mostraram ser eficientes catalisadores para a oxidação aeróbica de substratos fenólicos, com formação da correspondente difenoquinona, monitorada espectrofotometricamente, exibindo uma dependência de primeira ordem da velocidade de reação com a concentração do fenol e do complexo. Por outro lado, o estudo cinético da decomposição catalítica do peróxido de hidrogênio, monitorada manometricamente através do oxigênio liberado, indicou uma apreciável atividade dos compostos mononucleares, dependendo do pH. Neste caso, espécies reativas de oxigênio foram detectadas por EPR, utilizando o método do captador de spin. Parâmetros espectroscópicos e características estruturais destes complexos mostraram ser determinantes para sua reatividade frente a ambos os oxidantes biológicos estudados. / Different copper(II) complexes containing an imidazole ligand, in addition to a discrete tridentate imine, were prepared as perchlorate salts, and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (UV/Vis, IR, Raman and EPR). In aqueous solution, these compounds are in equilibrium with the corresponding binuclear species, where the copper centres are bridged by an imidazolate ligand. In alkaline solutions, these binuclear species and a tetranuclear were also isolated, and characterised. Evidence of these equilibria in aqueous solution was obtained by spectroscopic measurements and capillary electrophoresis, at different pH. An equilibrium constant involving the mono- and binuclear species was estimated for one of the ligands. The catalytic activity of the obtained complexes toward the usual biological oxidants, hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen, were then compared. Most of the binuclear and tetranuclear compounds showed to be efficient catalysts of the aerobic oxidation of phenolic substrates to the corresponding quinones or diphenoquinones, followed spectrophotometrically. Kinetic results indicated a first-order dependence of the reaction rate on both the complex and the phenol concentrations. On the other hand, an appreciable activity of the mononuclear compounds was verified on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. This reaction was monitored manometrically by the oxygen released, and was shown to be very dependent on the pH. Additionally, in this case, very reactive oxygen radicals were detected at the first stages of the reaction, by spin trapping EPR. Spectroscopic parameters and structural features in these complexes seem to be determinant of their reactivity toward the studied biological oxidants.
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