A saga do mutungo: capoeira angola, música e educação, pesquisa relações entre esses três elementos. A partir de uma perspectiva crítica ao nacionalismo e a qualquer fundamentalismo, seja eurocêntrico ou nacional, entendemos que as casas de capoeira angola podem trazer, em seus sons, maneiras de entender música e educação ligadas às experiências de comunidades negras de antes e depois da diáspora, onde o berimbau assume o papel de instrumento musical e pedagógico. Nesta africanidade da capoeira angola musicalidades se constituem em territórios negros de ensino-aprendizagem com um deslocamento de uma perspectiva ocidental em diversos âmbitos. No mutungo melodia, ritmo e timbre se mesclam. Na relação com a música, uma herança africana em uma teia que se fundamenta na força da palavra: oralidade. Uma educação da presença, da experiência, da relação com o mestre. Mestre que conecta em teia milenar, que faz elo, que junta passados e futuros em presente. Da capoeira som que se insinua, se leva em iniciação, renasce, incessante busca pela consciência, consciências de fazeres musicais, capoeirísticos, vitais. Por isso é educação em improvisação, espaços abertos assegurando criatividade possível e necessária para se encontrar. A saga do mutungo traça alguns percursos dos sons da capoeira angola e de suas práticas, partindo do berimbau, entendido como instrumento em sua atuação junto à capoeira, mas também como como foice de mão no campo de batalha teórico. Evidenciando silenciamentos históricos de musicalidades hegemônicas. / We understand that the houses of capoeira angola bring in their sounds ideas of music linked to the experiences of black communities before and after the diaspora, the berimbau, sonorous arch evidences this relation. In the African capoeira Angola, they constitute as black territories of teaching-learning with a displacement of a western perspective in diverse scopes. In relation to music an African heritage in a web that is based on the power of the word: orality. An education of presence, experience, relationship with the master. Master that connects in millenary web, which makes link, which joins the past and future into present. From capoeira sound that insinuates itself, takes itself in initiation, is reborn, incessant search for the conscience, consciences of making musical, capoeirístico, vital. So it is education in improvisation, open space ensuring creativity possible and necessary to meet. The saga of the mutungo traces some courses of the sounds of capoeira angola and its practices, starting from the berimbau, African sound arch understood as an instrument in its performance along the capoeira roda, in the discs and in the stages of Brazilian popular music, but also like as sickle on the theoretical battlefield. Evidence of historical silencing of hegemonic musicianship

O presente trabalho objetivou, de um lado: reconstituir as trajetórias individuais e coletivas de músicos da noite de Porto Alegre, foram eles: Ari Fernando, Cigano Durque Costa, Luiza Hellena, Jô de Sousa, Gilberto [Pedro] Lara, Sabiá Juvêncio Rodrigues, Paulo Jorge Linier, Eneida Martins, Fabrício Rodrigues, Norminha Duval, Ziláh Machado, Zé Carlos Silveira, Zé da Terreira e outros; de outro lado, através do trabalho de campo realizado entre 2016 e 2017, etnografar o cotidiano dos colaboradores da pesquisa, indivíduos que têm em comum a idade acima de 60 anos, que frequentam o Sindicato dos Músicos do Rio Grande do Sul, a Casa do Artista Rio-Grandense, bares, etc. Através de uma etnomusicologia da memória, busquei compreender os motivos pelos quais alguns músicos são lembrados e outros estão esquecidos socialmente. Ao longo da pesquisa, observei que suas atividades profissionais, iniciadas entre os anos 1950 e 1970, nos circos, cabarés e casas noturnas, têm em comum as relações trabalhistas em condições de subalternidade. Percebi, também, que o esquecimento social que pesa sobre suas carreiras musicais está ligado aos prejuízos sociais causados pelas condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis, pelo racismo, pela opressão masculina sobre as mulheres e pela velhice. / The present work aimed at reconstituting the individual and collective trajectories of the night musicians of Porto Alegre: Ari Fernando, Cigano Durque Costa, Luiza Hellena, Jô de Sousa, Gilberto [Pedro] Lara, Sabiá Juvêncio Rodrigues, Paulo Jorge Linier, Eneida Martins, Fabrício Rodrigues, Norminha Duval, Ziláh Machado, Zé Carlos Silveira, Zé da Terreira and others; On the other hand, through the fieldwork conducted between 2016 and 2017, ethnographing the daily life of the research collaborators, individuals who have in common the age of over 60, who attend the Sindicato dos Músicos do Rio Grande do Sul, the Casa do Artista Rio-Grandense, pubs, etc. Through an ethnomusicology of memory, I sought to understand the reasons why some musicians are remembered and others are socially forgotten. Throughout the research, I observed that his professional activities, begun between the 1950s and 1970s, in circuses, cabarets and nightclubs, have labor relations in common under subaltern conditions. I also noticed that the social forgetfulness that weighs on their musical careers is linked to the social damages caused by unfavorable socioeconomic conditions, by racism, by male oppression of women and by old age.

This thesis explores ways of adopting elements of Calabrian folk music in compositions of contemporary music beyond the mere adoption of melodies and instruments. Through this work, I aim to create a practice for contemporary improvisation and composition that is deeply imbued with elements derived from the music theory, the sonic environment and the performance practices of Calabria. The work described in this dissertation consists of two components: ethnomusicological research and a practice-based enquiry. This research focuses mainly on three aspects of Calabrian folk music: generative principles, the tuning system and processes of bagpipes, and soundscapes created by animal bells. These aspects guided both the ethnomusicological enquiry and the creative exploration. They are first described and analysed in their original context: folk music was studied in the field, amid and within the tradition bearers; research was conducted from a cultural and musicological perspective within the methodological and ethical framework of ethnomusicology. The data emerging from the ethnomusicological investigations informed the creative enquiry carried out through practice-led research. The outcomes of my investigation into Calabrian music became the core principles of my compositions of contemporary music. Generative principles were explored from the perspectives of both composition and improvisation They informed primarily a series of pieces for saxophone solo and a composition for chamber ensemble. The tuning system and processes of Calabrian bagpipes were investigated in compositions centred on pitch and extended harmonic spaces. They informed two compositions for string quartet and a piece for saxophone quartet. Soundscapes informed the composition of a piece of spatial music for goat bells that adopts indeterminacy methods for structuring the performance. The creative work, attached to this thesis as a portfolio of compositions, is analysed through self-reflective methods and in relation to the work of other contemporary music practitioners. My enquiry of the folk sources contributes to the field of ethnomusicology with new insight into Calabrian music. The creative processes and the techniques developed throughout this research also have implications for the broader field of contemporary music, as they offer a perspective on new ways of engaging creatively with folk materials.

Esse trabalho discute a performance ritual e musical durante a Festa da Boa Morte e Glória realizada anualmente na segunda quinzena de agosto na cidade de Cachoeira, Recôncavo da Bahia. Elaborada através de elementos simbólicos, culturais, religiosos e de resistência política e social, a Festa da Boa Morte compreende performances musicais dentro de uma complexa performance ritual que é ao mesmo tempo coletiva e absolutamente restritiva. A Irmandade de Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte é um coletivo de mulheres idosas, todas religiosas enquanto praticantes do candomblé e do catolicismo popular. Como grupo a Irmandade é considerada elite na luta e resistência do negro contra o sofrimento e a escravidão no Brasil. As irmãs foram e são mulheres diferenciadas em vários sentidos: aos olhos da sociedade colonial eram chamadas de negras do partido alto; miticamente transgressoras da ordem masculina são consideradas iamis e organizadas em sacerdócio religioso unindo diferentes nações são donas do axé ou eleyes. As irmãs antigas compraram as alforrias de outros sacerdotes e sacerdotisas africanos, se comprometeram em garantir funerais dignos a si mesmas e aos seus, e mantém uma festa associada aos seus antepassados femininos (eguns) e aos seus orixás durante rituais católicos públicos e do candomblé (secretos). Segundo as irmãs, elas cumprem uma promessa feita pelas mais antigas: se todos os escravos fossem libertos elas cultuariam Maria na vida e na morte. Personagens narrando e encenando repetidamente performances, as irmãs desenvolvem seqüências rituais e musicais que vão da anunciação da morte ao velório de Nossa Senhora no primeiro dia da Festa. No segundo dia é realizado o enterro, e, no terceiro, demonstram sua crença na vida após a morte através da glorificação e assunção de Maria aos céus. Esses são os três principais momentos do ritual público, aos quais se seguem outros três dias de samba de roda que se fundem aos rituais secretos, já em desenvolvimento antes da Festa. O encerramento é marcado pela entrega de um presente às águas, para os orixás femininos Nanã, Iemanjá e Oxum. / This work discusses the musical and ritual performance during the Sisterhood of Good Death Celebration, which occurs in the second half of August in the city of Cachoeira, Recôncavo Area of Bahia. Involving symbolic, cultural, religious, social and political elements, the Sisterhood of Good Death Celebration engages musical performances inside a complex ritual performance that is at the same time collective and absolutely restrictive. The Sisterhood of Good Death is a collective of elderly women, all of them religious while devoted to candomblé and popular Catholicism. As a group, the Sisterhood is considered the elite in the stuggle of black people against oppression and slavery in Brazil. The Sisters were and still are distinguished women in many different ways: during the colonial period, they were called black women from the partido alto; mythically transgressing the dominant masculinity, they are considered iamis and organized in a religious ministry that congregates different candomblé nations. They are also the ones who possess the axé (eleyes). In the past, the sisters bought the manumission of other priests and priestesses, and commited to guaranteeing dignified funerals to themselves and to their people. The Celebration is associated with their female antecessors (eguns) and to their orixás during public catholic rituals and secret candomblé ceremonies. According to the sisters, they are living up to a promise made by their antecessors: If all the slaves were freed, they would all worship Mary in life and in death. Characters narrating and staging repeated performances, the sisters develop ritual and musical sequences which go from the annunciation of the death of the Virgin Mary to her vigil on the first day; on the second she is buried and on the third the Sisters demonstrate their belief in life after death through the glorification and elevation of Mary. These are the three most important moments of the public ritual, followed by three days of samba de roda . The samba takes place parallel to the development of the secret rituals started before the Celebration. On the last day of feast, the sisters deliver a gift to the waters, destinated to the female orixás Nanã, Iemanjá and Oxum.

Ideas and practices related to sustainability have become more common in academia since the foundation of the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education network and the growing currency of all things "green" in the business, structure, and daily life of higher education. In discussing elements of sustainability that I have incorporated into a course entitled "Ethnomusicology and Appalachia," I show how they are not part of a trend, but are foundational and transformative parts of both Appalachian studies and the study of people making music. Ethnomusicology is based in ideas of “music as culture” and as the study of musical activity, not idealized and autonomous “musical objects” (per Rice). Considering sustainability challenges notions of autonomy, which is crucial to understanding Appalachia's fluid tension (as described by Filene) between "insider" roots and "outsider" pressures. Essential scholarship on regional music-making by Jeff Titon is a model of this kind of integration, both in terms of compassionate and broad consideration of “musical sound” and in the socioaesthetic (per Kisliuk) ramifications of his conclusions. I will conclude my presentation by leading participants on an abbreviated soundwalk (per Westerkamp and Ferrington) to emphasize the importance of integrated and humane consideration in the study of music and Appalachia

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Journal Summary: Bluegrass and Old Time Country Music: Buried Roots is a collection of articles by noted country music scholars Wayne Daniel, James Akenson, Gregory Hansen and Lee Bidgood. This is a special publication of the International Country Music Journal, an extension of the International Country Music Conference held annually at Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee.