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Showing 1 to 6 of 6 (0.041 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"commission"" "subject:"decommission""
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An Empirical Assessment of the 2004 EU Merger Policy ReformDuso, Tomaso, Gugler, Klaus, Szücs, Florian 21 November 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Based on a database of 368 merger cases scrutinized by the European Commission (EC) between 1990 and 2007, we evaluate the economic impact of the change in European merger legislation in 2004. We propose a general framework to assess merger policy effectiveness, focusing on four different policy dimensions: 1) predictability, 2) decision errors, 3) reversion of anti-competitive rents, and 4)
deterrence. We compare the results before and after the reform, finding that the "more economic approach" resulted in improved ex-ante predictability of decisions and a reduction of the frequency of type I errors. Merger policy enforcement deters anti-competitive mergers without over-deterring pro-competitive transactions. Yet, the policy shift away from prohibitions, which are effective as a policy tool and as a deterrence mechanism, does not seem to be well grounded. (authors' abstract)
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The making of EU news; : A depictive analysis of the relation between journalists and EU sourcesRistiniemi, Michaela January 2005 (has links)
<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Object: “To depict, the relation between the journalists and sources in the news process, and how each work in the EU arena when making news about the EU”</p><p>Method: Qualitative interview</p><p>Material: Interviews with journalists from the DN, SVD, Aftonbladet and Europa Posten, and with the head of the press of the Swedish representation of the EU commission.</p><p>Main results: The complexity of the EU seemed to develop the kind of relation the journalists have with their sources, where the source cansupply the relevant information, without the journalist getting lost in the mass of it that the EU produce daily. But more than so, the relation appeared to be based on a mutual interdependence as each seek to reach their goals. Since 90% of the public form their opinion about the EU through the media, the EU has special press people working on all the contacts with the journalists. At the same time they are aware that the journalists need them in order to get the information they need to make news about the EU. The complexity of the EU field requires more pressure on the journalists, on their work as EU-journalists, than on other fields. And there is a need of a great deal of knowledge about the EU and independence to the source, in order to avoid going by the EU: s own agenda.</p><p>Keywords: EU-journalism, news, politics, EU commission, democracy</p>
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The making of EU news; : A depictive analysis of the relation between journalists and EU sourcesRistiniemi, Michaela January 2005 (has links)
ABSTRACT Object: “To depict, the relation between the journalists and sources in the news process, and how each work in the EU arena when making news about the EU” Method: Qualitative interview Material: Interviews with journalists from the DN, SVD, Aftonbladet and Europa Posten, and with the head of the press of the Swedish representation of the EU commission. Main results: The complexity of the EU seemed to develop the kind of relation the journalists have with their sources, where the source cansupply the relevant information, without the journalist getting lost in the mass of it that the EU produce daily. But more than so, the relation appeared to be based on a mutual interdependence as each seek to reach their goals. Since 90% of the public form their opinion about the EU through the media, the EU has special press people working on all the contacts with the journalists. At the same time they are aware that the journalists need them in order to get the information they need to make news about the EU. The complexity of the EU field requires more pressure on the journalists, on their work as EU-journalists, than on other fields. And there is a need of a great deal of knowledge about the EU and independence to the source, in order to avoid going by the EU: s own agenda. Keywords: EU-journalism, news, politics, EU commission, democracy
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Europos Sąjungos piliečių pasitikėjimo Europos Parlamentu ir Komisija analizė / The Reliance in The EU Parliament and The EU Commission of EU CitizensDulevičiūtė Kavaliauskienė, Aušra 23 January 2007 (has links)
The study aims to analyze the reliance in different EU institutions - the Parliament and the Commission - of 25 member countries citizens.
The reliance in institutions can be defined as a belief found in society, that institution answers citizens’ expectations.
The reliance in the Community and policy it implements differs from the desirable. Citizens expect active, public, transparent Community, in which could be felt tangible results of policy, based on cooperation, compromises and taking into account all interests. In recent years, the reliance in the EU is 48 %, meanwhile 52 % of member countries citizens expressed their reliance in the European Parliament, 47 % - in the European Commission.
From the survey a conclusion can be drawn, that younger, better educated, subjectively well ranking their knowledge about the Community respondents, rely more in the EU.
The European Parliament is the institution that gains the biggest reliance, because it is the best known. The presumption can be done, that citizens tend to rely in the Parliament, because it is the only elective institution in the EU or because of its power to control direct and indirect work of the European Council, the Commission and other institutions of the EU.
The European Commission gains its trust, because it has more and various powers in comparison with other EU institutions. The presumption can be done, that it is relied as a guardian of the Community or as ,,a power of integration”, than the privilege of... [to full text]
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Avloppsvattenbaserad epidemiologi med fokus på SARS-CoV-2 : Analys inom Västerås kommunGruvnäs, Amanda January 2021 (has links)
Globalt har hela världens befolkning påverkats både ekonomiskt och psykiskt av coronaviruset SARS-CoV-2, som har drabbat så många människor med covid-19 att det klassas som en pandemi. Strax efter pandemins utbrott upptäcktes det att viruset utsöndras från avföring och ut i spillvattennätet som leder till reningsverken. Då virusmängden ökar i avloppsvattnet ökar även covid-19 fallen i samhället. Ökning av virusmängd i avloppsvatten kan nämligen signalera om att det förekommer smittspridning i samhället. Avloppsvattenbaserad övervakning kan dock användas som komplement till andra teststrategier vilket EU-kommissionen har nämnt i en rekommendation. Trender kan analyseras för att i ett tidigt skede informera sjukvård och regioner om ökad smittspridning. På Kungsängens reningsverk i Västerås kommun har Mälarenergi analyserat avloppsvattnet för att ta reda på om ökning av virus i avloppsvatten kan indikera på ökad smittspridning i Västerås kommun. De har samlat in proverna och skickat det till SGS Analytics AB Sweden som har analyserat proverna med RT-qPCR. CT-värdena har normaliserats med vattenflöden. Korrelationstest har gjorts mellan virusmängd i avloppsvattnet och covid-19 fall, dödsfall samt IVA-fall. Det fanns ett signifikant svagt negativt samband mellan virusmängd i avloppsvatten och covid-19 fall per vecka. Mellan virusmängd och IVA-fall eller dödsfall fanns inget samband. Det finns en del felkällor som kan ha påverkat virusmängden. Vid höga vattenflöden kan PCR inhibitorer från tillskottsvatten och lakvatten ha påverkat CT-värdena. Värdena är höga på sommaren trots att covid-19 fall, dödsfall och IVA-fall var som lägst. Inhibitorer skapar direkt eller indirekt högre CT-värden vilket tolkas som lägre virusmängder.
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Suveränitetsvakuumet och oenigheter om EU-rättens företräde : En diskussion kring kommissionens underlåtenhet att föra fördragsbrottstalan / The sovereignty-vacuum and disagreements on the primacy of EU-law : A discussion on the commissions omission to start infringement proceduresLiljeström, Leo January 2023 (has links)
The European court of Justice (ECJ) has the stance that EU-law, within the confines of EU competence, has primacy over national law, regardless of its source, even if it’s the national constitutions. Although generally the ECJ:s stance is accepted, sometimes it is instead the EU that has had to indirectly (through inaction) accept the conclusions of the national constitutional courts. When this happens, it can however only be noticed as the EU commission’s decision to not start infringement proceedings against the member state, and as such it appears as a legal vacuum or absence of enforced law. Inside this vacuum there is lacking enforcement of EU-law, which the member states can use as a de facto exemption from EU-law to regain or uphold national sovereignty. Thus the member states can fill the vacuum by deciding cases on the basis of their own constitutional law rather than (the unenforced) EU-law. It appears to be an in EU-law unregulated transfer of sovereignty. This paper intends to shed light on possible problems that arise in this situation due to the lack of legality and certainty that ensues from these exemptions from EU-law being upheld through the inaction of the commission rather than positive legal regulation. I will also attempt to find a coherent model for the explanation of this seemingly contradictory situation, describing it as a “sovereignty-vacuum”, an opposing but related concept to the “exemption” of Carl Schmitt. Through use of Schmitt’s political theology, I attempt to find a solution to the problem of legality with an analogy to the concept of “mercy” and “forgiveness” in the context of constitutional law. Ultimately, I propose a solution de lege ferenda that these implicit exemptions from EU-law be written down as explicit exemptions.
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