This master thesis analyses the impact of the euro on the German economy. The research is conducted through the examination of German export, GDP level, and labor market. It is also supplemented with the evaluation of the past, current and future stages of the Eurozone. The thesis provides a detailed theoretical background, which explains the motivation for the creation of a common currency. As a tool to prove the validity of my hypotheses I use the synthetic control method, where I model a hypothetical case, in which Germany did not adopt the euro. The validity of my results will be tested by using the confidence intervals and comparing the RMSPE ratio. By using this unique approach, I aim to contribute to the series of academic papers about the validity of the euro. In my research I have come to the conclusion, that the euro has positively influenced Germany's economy.

The thesis is aimed at the evaluation of preparedness of the Czech Republic for acceptance of the common currency. Preparedness according to the convergence criteria and the state of the real convergency is evaluated in the thesis. Within the convergence criteria a state of the public finance is discussed in detail and the necessity for undertaking reforms. The real convergency is rated in the thesis according to the value of the GDP per capita, flexibility of the labour market, competitiveness and openness of the economy. In the end the recent progress in the EU is discussed, mainly in the Euro-zone. An outlook of the impact of the current events on the future of the EU is proposed.

The diploma thesis deals with the impact of the Global Financial Crisis to the Czech Economy. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the actual implications of the Global Financial Crisis to the Czech economy. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part describes the causes of crisis and the way how the crisis split from the USA to Europe and other countries. The second part deals with the impact of the financial crisis on the Czech Republic. The impact of the financial crisis to the individual areas of the Czech economy is described as well as the reaction of monetary policy and government including the fiscal impact. The third part deals with the possibility of the Czech Republic's entry to the European Monetary Union in the light of current financial crisis.

This diploma thesis analyzes the position of the Czech Republic in the European Union, particularly whether is considered as an equal partner or plays as a new member less important role. More emphasis has been put not only on an initial status within the process of transformation and association with the European Union, but also on the contemporary position of the Czech Republic in the European Union including the intended integration in the euro area and the past Czech Presidency of the European Union.

The thesis focuses on theoretical and empirical analysis of the deterioration of price perception among European consumers after the introduction of the euro banknotes and coins. The aim of the thesis is to find out the major factors which provoked a rapid increase of the indicator of perceived inflation after 2002, while inflation in euro zone continued developing moderately, and to derive some conclusions for economic policy of candidate countries to euro introduction. There are at least four reasons why it matters to analyse the distortion of the indicator of perceived inflation from the HICP index which measures the inflation in the euro zone. Firstly, from the political and economical perspective there is a risk of weak support for the European monetary integration. Secondly, the distortion of price perception can deteriorate the belief in the official statistics. Thirdly, the inaccurate price perception can lead to wrong consumer decisions having an impact on a volume or a structure of national consumption. Last but not least, there is a risk of a negative impact on price expectations. In order to meet its goals, the thesis stases several hypotheses which analyse the problem from two perspectives. Firstly, from a mere review of detailed prices in the period of the introduction of the euro banknotes and coins (Hypotheses: (i) the consumers are more sensitive towards some price movements, therefore the deterioration of the indicator of perceived inflation can be explained by the abnormal evolution of some prices in the critical period of the euro introduction, (ii) convergence of the new euro prices towards round prices lead to frequent price movements having an impact on price perception) Secondly, from the point of view of limited perception of prices by consumers (Hypothesis: (iii) consumers does not behave rationally when deciding about prices therefore they are not able to perceive all price movements). The thesis is organized in three chapters. The first chapter is mainly theoretical and introduces the problem of perceived inflation. It is followed by two chapters which combine empirical and theoretical analysis of the drivers of perceived inflation after the euro introduction. Within its conclusions, the thesis identifies a combination of several factors that caused a rapid increase of the indicator of perceived inflation after the changeover which have their origins in a changed monetary environment. The effects coming from using rounded conversion rates instead of the official ones in mental conversions of the new euro prices to the old prices in national currencies, limited the possibility for consumers to perceive correctly the price movements. Moreover, higher sensitivity towards price increases in comparison to price decreases and a higher inflation in some areas led to blaming the new currency for high inflation. The irrational behaviour of consumers in relation to prices was strengthened by the effects of the new currency. The thesis also states that while the increase of the indicator of perceived inflation had no negative impact on inflation expectations, the deterioration of inflation perception might negatively influence consumption.

La présente recherche porte sur l'étude de l'aménagement de la fiscalité égyptienne en faveur de l'investissement direct étranger et l'adaptation du régime fiscal au contexte de compétitivité mondiale. La compétitivité, notion d'origine privée, semble aujourd'hui être l'objectif à court terme permettant à l'État d'atteindre le degré de croissance économique nécessaire afin de réaliser son objectif à long terme de développement. L'État doit être en mesure d'orienter le capital privé vers les domaines stratégiques dans le cadre d'un plan de développement, notamment dans les pays en développement. En effet, en raison de la faiblesse de l'épargne nationale dans les PED, le capital étranger, notamment celui dirigé vers des projets d'investissement direct, représente un intérêt fondamental. En Egypte, depuis 1952 et jusqu'à 1970, la politique économique nassérienne avait une tendance socialiste et la fiscalité ne constituait pas un outil important d'interventionnisme étatique. En 1971, l'Égypte adopte une idéologie économique libérale et rend ainsi au capital privé étranger et à l'outil fiscal leur importance au sein de la politique économique égyptienne. En effet, l'adhésion de l'Égypte à l'économie de marché, et à un nombre important d'accords internationaux et régionaux, limite le nombre d'outils d'intervention étatique auquel l'État peut avoir recours sans constituer un obstacle à la libre circulation des capitaux, des marchandises et des services. L'idéologie libérale permet à l'interventionnisme fiscal d'avoir un statut important au sein des outils d'interventionnisme étatique. L'orientation de l'IDE vers les domaines stratégiques dépend de la manifestation de la souveraineté fiscale de l'État à travers les législations fiscales. Cette recherche retrace le développement de la fiscalité égyptienne et de la politique d'incitation fiscale des IDE, tout en expliquant l'intérêt et les limites du recours à l'instrument fiscal. La décision d'implantation d'investisseur étranger dans un pays d'accueil ne dépend pas uniquement de l'élément fiscal mais surtout du contexte économique favorable dans ce pays. Ce contexte est influencé par le régime fiscal dans son ensemble mais aussi par le climat social et politique. La politique fiscale égyptienne doit établir un équilibre entre l'objectif de profit du capital privé et l'objectif de développement de l'Égypte. Pour les pays en développement, en plus de l'apport financier, l'IDE trouve son importance dans le transfert de technologie et la création d'emplois, qui permettent d'améliorer le contexte économique et d'attirer davantage l'IDE. Un PED doit planifier sa politique envers les IDE en fixant les objectifs stratégiques qui correspondent aux facteurs d'amélioration du contexte économique. Cette amélioration crée un cercle vertueux en augmentant l'attractivité du pays envers l'IDE. Pour conforter ce raisonnement, le FMI a récemment effectué un revirement idéologique en émettant une réserve au sujet de sa règle fondamentale de la libre circulation des capitaux. Il a déclaré qu'un contrôle des flux de capitaux est nécessaire et que la liberté non conditionnée des flux de capitaux peut présenter des risques notamment pour les pays dont le contexte économique est déjà en difficulté. / This research focuses on the elaboration of Egyptian fiscal policy in favor of Foreign Direct Investment and adaptation of the tax system with global competitiveness. As a notion of private origin, competitiveness seems to be the short-term goal for the country to achieve the level of economic growth needed to achieve its long-term development. A country should be able to direct private capital to strategic sectors under a development plan, especially in developing countries. Due to weaknesses of the domestic resources in developing countries, foreign capital, especially that directed towards direct investment projects, is fundamental. Since 1952 and until 1970, economic policy in Egypt had a socialist Nasserite bias and taxation was not considered as an important tool for state intervention. In 1971, Egypt adopted a liberal economic ideology, thus recognizing the significance of foreign private capital and taxes in the Egyptian economic policy. Egypt hence followed the market economy, and joined a large number of international and regional agreements, which have limited the tools of state intervention without being obstacle to the free movement of capital, goods and services. Such liberal ideology allows the fiscal tools to have an important status in the state's intervention. The orientation of FDI to strategic sectors depends on the fiscal sovereignty of the state through tax laws. This research traces the development of Egyptian taxation and tax incentive policy of FDI, while explaining the benefits and limitations of using fiscal instruments. The decision to relocate foreign investors in a hosting country depends not only on the tax component but also the favorable economic environment in the country. This context is influenced by the tax system as a whole but also the social and political climate. Egyptian tax policy must strike a balance between rendering profit of private capital and the development plans. For developing countries, in addition to financial support, FDI is important in transferring technology and creating employment, which can improve the economic environment and attract more FDI. A developing country should plan its policy towards FDI by establishing strategic objectives that correspond with improving its economic environment. This is an improvement in increasing the country's attractiveness to FDI. Aforementioned position is also illustrated in IMF recent decision to alter its ideology regarding its fundamental rule of free migration of capital. Stating that control of capital flows is necessary and that unconditioned freedom of capital flows may present a risk especially for countries whose economies are already in trouble.

Orientador: Eduardo Strachman / Banca: José Ricardo Fucidji / Banca: Maryse Farhi / Resumo: Esta dissertação examina a crise grega de endividamento desencadeada a partir da chamada crise do subprime de 2008. A primeira parte do estudo se concentra na herança dos regimes autoritários que governaram a Grécia, entre 1930 e 1970. A seguir, são apresentadas duas visões distintas a respeito das causas do grande endividamento público grego, com grande contraste entre a visão oficial da troika (Comissão Europeia, Banco Central Europeu e FMI), responsável pelo plano de ajuste econômico imposto ao país; e a visão de economistas ligados ao Levy Institute of Economics. A partir disso, o estudo se volta para possíveis medidas que reduziriam o endividamento do país e esmiúça os detalhes do plano de reescalonamento da dívida grega, que envolveu medidas de austeridade e a maior operação de troca de títulos de dívida já feita. Conclui-se que as medidas adotadas foram suficientes para superar o problema do endividamento; no entanto, ao analisarmos detalhadamente a economia do país, notamos que os desequilíbrios e assimetrias de origem estrutural, produtiva, financeira e política, que levaram o país ao grande endividamento, ainda persistem / Abstract: This dissertation examines the Greek debt crisis that followed the subprime crisis of 2008. The first part of this study focuses on the legacy left by the authoritarian regimes that ruled Greece between 1930 and 1970. Then, two different visions explaining the causes of the great public debt are presented, stressing the contrast between the official vision represented by the troika (European Commission, European Central Bank and IMF), responsible for the adjustment plan imposed on the country, and the vision of economists from the Levy Institute of Economics. Following that, the study examines possible alternatives to reduce the debt burden and the details of the debt write-off coordinated by the IMF that consisted in the enforcement of austerity measures and the biggest bond swap in history. The study concludes that the measures taken were enough to overcome the main problem - the excessive indebtedness - although the analysis of the economy shows that the structural, political, productive and financial imbalances and asymmetries that led the country to the debt still remain / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SELMACIMINELLI.pdf: 682964 bytes, checksum: f1b7dfd325b235e996beba3957fa2c93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-14 / The object of this theme is to approach the aspects related to currency, studying the paths taken through civilization up to he process of monetary unification. The methodology applied will start with the study of the origens of currency, its evolution, functions and position in both national and international financial system. We will also approach the process of regional integration, phocusing on European Union, as the pioneer experience on implementing one currency- the Euro- also discussing the interface between the unicism and the sovereign power of nations, under the light of classical theories and the evolution of the concept of sovereignity. Finally, as a reflexion over the monetary unification, we will evaluate the effects that monetary unification can cause in the international market; at the same time analyzing the risks and the advantages of an hypothetical global system of monetary unification / A proposta do tema tem por finalidade abordar aspectos relacionados à moeda, estudando o caminho percorrido pela civilização até chegar ao processo de unificação monetária. A metodologia aplicada partirá do estudo das origens da moeda, sua evolução, suas funções e seu posicionamento no sistema financeiro nacional e internacional. Estudar-se-á, ainda, os processos de integração regional, com enfoque na União Européia, como experiência pioneira de instituição de moeda única o Euro -, abordando, ainda, a interface do unionismo com o exercício do poder soberano, sob a ótica das teorias clássicas e da evolução do conceito de soberania. Por fim, como forma de reflexão acerca da união monetária, avaliar-se-á os efeitos que a unificação da moeda pode vir a produzir no mercado internacional, ponderando os riscos e vantagens possivelmente advindas de um hipotético sistema global de moedas unificadas

Práce podává přehled o vzniku a vývoji evropské měnové integrace a společné evropské měny euro. Dále mapuje vznik a vývoj teorie optimálních měnových oblastí. Její autoři definují kritéria optimálních měnových oblastí, která jsou v práci analyzována ve vztahu k Evropské unii. Analýza tak odpovídá na otázku zda je Evropská unie optimální měnovou oblastí a zda je Česká republika optimálním kandidátem vstupu do eurozóny.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to assess the suitability and readiness of the Slovak Republic to adopt a single European currency. In analyzing the costs and benefits relating to Slovakia?s accession to the EMU, this thesis is guided by the theory of the OCA. The thesis provides a survey of the OCA theory, attempts to measure some of the OCA indicators and calculate OCA index for Slovakia. The results suggest that Slovakia fulfils the necessary condition for joining the monetary union, i.e. it is relatively well aligned with the euro area. The diploma thesis concludes that Slovakia is relatively suitable and well-prepared to join the euro area in 2009.