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The Swedish government has set a goal to have zero net greenhouse gas emissions by 2045 andto reduce emissions from domestic transport by at least 70% compared to 2010 levels by 2030.To achieve this, an expansion of the Swedish electric vehicle (EV) personal car fleet is needed.This scientific paper utilizes material flow analysis (MFA) to predict this expansion and thecorresponding demand for battery raw materials in Sweden, examining the growth trajectory ofthe EV market in Sweden and its implications going forward. The study concluded that themarket share of electric vehicles in Sweden will increase significantly in the next ten years,which will lead to a rise in the need for battery raw materials. Depending on possiblebreakthroughs in battery technology, these demands will vary. Given the rising demand for rawmaterials and the high environmental costs associated with mining new minerals, it is importantto underscore the importance of battery recycling as an essential component of sustainablemobility. This highlights the need to improve recycling practices.

The global automotive industry is currently experiencing a shift as the sector converts from fossil fuels to electric vehicles (EVs). However, the existing infrastructure for EV charging is facing difficulties in meeting the growingdemand in terms of accessibility and technical performance. In response, companies such as Zpark EnergySystems are actively engaged in the development of chargers to cater to the needs of the next generationchargers. As part of their efforts, Zpark has introduced a new product segment specifically tailored to thegrowing market demand, by creating a fast charger for the residential market. This thesis aims to create anexterior design for the charger and battery storage unit (BSU) suited to Scandinavian residential environments.The project has been divided into three main focus areas. The first area concerns design where primarily formtheory, material science and ergonomics have been researched. To validate the theory which established thedesign elements and features of the charger and BSU, extensive user testing was performed. The second areaconcerns adaptation in terms of how the product design will suit the intended home market. Scandinavian-architecture, -design, -colours and -climate has been studied for this area. The final focus area concerns theinteraction between users and mainly the charger. Research has been conducted to explore the integration ofuser interactive features into the design. The usability of these features has also been thoroughly examinedthrough user testing. Which has been combined with theories related to colour, human-machine interaction, andform theory in order to create a user-friendly interaction experience.The project approach has been divided into the following steps; exploration, ideation, evaluation andimplementation. For the explore phase background theory to the project was researched and methods such asbenchmarking, white space analysis, customer journey, placement analysis, and user research were conductedto gain an understanding of the market and the current pain points. For the ideation phase the goal was togenerate a large number of design concepts for both the charger and BSU. This was achieved through variousinternal ideatios methods within the team as well as external methods at workshops. To narrow down betweenthe design concepts an evaluation matrix was used which resulted in a final concept that was brought forward tothe next project phase, namely the evaluation. The evaluation phase concerned testing the final conceptsthough user testing and making technical specifications according to theory. At the end of this stage a finaldesign was achieved where all details were specified and loose ends tied together. The last phase concerningimplementation was then performed in correlation with the specified design through producing digital 3Dvisualisations and creating an animation of the final designs.The project resulted in an exterior design for the charger as well as the BSU which fulfils the aims of the projectscope. The design incorporates the features found to be necessary in the background research. Further auser-friendly design was established through various user tests investigating the integrated features and revisingthem according to the user test results. Adaptation to the home market is achieved through customisablecolours and modularity of the BSU. The design incorporates the characteristics of Scandinavian design boththrough its form elements and by the use of materials which makes the charger and BSU suit a Scandinavianresidential environment in a visually cohesive and aesthetically pleasing way. / Fordonsindustrin genomgår en omfattande förändring då branschen konverterar från fossila bränslen tillelektriska fordon (EF). Branschen står inför utmaningar de kommande åren då den befintliga infrastrukturen förelbilsladdning har svårigheter att möta den ökande efterfrågan när det gäller tillgänglighet och tekniskprestanda. Därav är företag som Zpark Energy Systems aktiva i utvecklingen av innovativa laddare för atttillgodose dessa behov hos nästa generations laddare. I linje med deras satsningar har Zpark introducerat en nyproduktkategori specifikt anpassad till den växande marknadsefterfrågan genom att skapa en snabbladdaresom är skräddarsydd för bostadsmarknaden. Detta examensarbete syftar till att skapa en exteriör design försnabbladdaren samt tillhörande batterilagringsenhet (BLE) anpassad till Skandinavisk bostadsmiljö.Projektet har delats upp i fyra huvudsakliga fokusområden. Det första området centrerar kring design där främstformteori, materialvetenskap och ergonomi har studerats. För att validera teorin som designelement ochfunktioner för laddaren och BLE har baserats på så utfördes användartester. Det andra fokusområdet i projektetavser anpassning i form av hur produktens design ska anpassas till den avsedda bostadsmiljön. Teori gällandeskandinavisk arkitektur, design, färger och klimat har studerats för att skapa en akademisk grund för dettaområde. Det sista fokusområdet för projektet rör interaktionen mellan användare och främst laddaren.Användartester har genomförts för att utforska integrationen av interaktiva funktioner i designen och dessanvändbarhet. Detta har kombinerats med teorier relaterade till färgsättning, människa-maskin-interaktion ochformteori för att skapa en användarvänlig upplevelse under laddningsprocessen.Projektets tillvägagångssätt är uppdelat i tre huvudmoment: utforskning, idégenerering, utvärdering ochimplementering. Under utforskningsfasen undersöktes bakgrundsteori för projektet och metoder sombenchmarking, white space analysis, customer journey, placeringsanalys och användarstudier användes för attfå en förståelse för marknaden och befintliga utmaningar. Under idégenereringsfasen var målet att generera ettstort antal designkoncept för både laddare och BLE. Detta uppnåddes genom olika interna och externaidégenereringsmetoder och workshops. För att välja bland designkoncepten användes en utvärderingsmatrissom resulterade i ett slutgiltigt koncept vilket sedan togs vidare till nästa projektfas. Utvärderingsfaseninnefattade utvärdering av det valda design konceptet genom användartester och tekniska specifikationer enligtteorin. Vid slutet av denna fas uppnåddes en slutlig design där alla detaljer specificerades och lösa ändar knötsihop. Den sista fasen rör implementering och utfördes i enlighet med den specificerade designen genom attproducera digitala 3D-visualiseringar och skapa en animering av de slutgiltiga designerna.Projektet resulterade i en exteriör design för laddaren och BLE:n som uppfyller projektets mål: Designeninkluderar de funktioner som identifierats som nödvändiga i bakgrundsundersökningen. När det gällerfunktionaliteten skapades en användarvänlig design genom olika användartester som utvärderade deintegrerade funktionerna vilka reviderades utifrån resultatet i testerna. Anpassning till hemmamarknaden uppnåsgenom anpassningsbara färger och modularitet för BLE. Designen innehåller kännetecknen för skandinaviskdesign både genom sina formelement och genom användningen av material vilket gör att laddare och BSUpassar i en skandinavisk bostadsmiljö på ett estetiskt tilltalande sätt med hög funktionalitet.

The move toward electric vehicles (EVs) has a significant impact to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and make transportation more eco-friendly. Fast-charging stations play a crucial role in this transition, making EVs more convenient for adoption specifically when driving in long distance. However, the challenge is to create a fast-charging system that can work with the different types of EVs and their varying power needs while still being efficient and effective. In this context, this thesis embarks on this journey by introducing an innovative solution for efficient universal fast charging, spanning both low voltage and high voltage battery systems. A novel, configurable dual secondary resonant converter is proposed, which empowers the charging module to extend its output range without imposing additional demands on the resonant tank components. This solution addresses the pressing need for a wide output voltage range in fast-charging standard in the growing EV landscape. To ensure optimal performance across a broad voltage and power range, the thesis employs an analytical model for LLC resonant converters to optimize the resonant components. This strategic component selection aims to achieve the desired output voltage and power range while minimizing conduction losses. The proposed topology and design methodology are rigorously validated through the development of a 10 kW prototype. Furthermore, the study introduces a two degrees of freedom (2DoF) control scheme for the proposed LLC resonant converter with the configurable dual secondary LLC converter topology. An analytical model is formulated to guide the selection of control parameters, ensuring coverage of the desired output voltage and power range without compromising system efficiency. The steady-state analytical model is utilized for determining optimized control parameters at each operating point within the converter's output range. To enhance the charging module's power density and efficiency, a high-frequency litz-wire transformer design methodology is introduced. The transformer's core size is optimized to achieve high power density and efficiency, while the winding configuration is chosen to minimize conduction losses. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations validate transformer losses and operating temperatures. The culmination of this research is the development of a 30 kW charging module prototype. This prototype features an LLC resonant converter with a configurable dual secondary and two degrees of freedom control for output voltage control. The component ratings, estimated losses, and power board design are carefully considered to create a compact and efficient charging module. Experimental testing across a universal output voltage and power range con rms the effectiveness of the proposed solution. In summary, this thesis presents a comprehensive approach to design of a module for EV fast charging application addressing voltage range, efficiency, and component optimization, resulting in the successful development of a high-performance charging module prototype. / Thesis / Doctor of Engineering (DEng)

The electrification of transportation is increasingly of interest to governments around the world as a means of contributing to the achievement of climate change goals. Transportation is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, but it is also the backbone of the global economy and local mobility. Electrification is widely seen as a promising pathway to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transportation while continuing to support economic growth. Multiphase machines have distinctive features that draw attention in the transportation electrification domain due to their features. Recently, powertrains based on the current-source inverter (CSI) are getting more attention to be a more reliable structure for Electric Vehicles (EVs) by replacing the dc-link capacitor with a choke inductor. This thesis combines these two technologies to develop a more reliable, compact powertrain for heavy-duty electric vehicles. First, a survey covers the recent advances in several aspects such as topology, control, and performance to evaluate the possibility and the future of exploiting them more in EV applications. The six-phase drives are extensively covered here because of their inherent structure as a dual three-phase system which eases the production process. The survey presents the different topologies used in dual three-phase drives, the modulation techniques used to operate them, the status of using multiphase drives in traction applications industrially, and the upcoming trends toward promoting this technology. New powertrain configurations for heavy-duty electric vehicles (HDEV) are proposed based on current-source inverters (CSI) and asymmetrical six-phase electric machines. Since the six-phase CSI comprises two three-phase CSIs, multiple configurations can arise based on the connection between the two CSIs. In this context, the proposed powertrain configurations are based on parallel, cascaded, and standalone six-phase CSIs. The standalone topology is based on separating the two three-phase converters by supplying each converter with a dedicated dc-dc converter. A new and straightforward method is proposed to extend the six-phase standalone CSI. The proposed technique employs the vector space decomposition (VSD) to mitigate the inverter current harmonics and extend the linear modulation region by about 8%. For motor drive applications, increasing the fundamental output component can reflect higher torque production capability for the same drive size, given that thermal limits are not exceeded. Moreover, to increase the drive's reliability, space vector modulation (SVM) techniques are developed to operate the six-phase CSI while reducing the common-mode voltage (CMV) content associated with the switching of semiconductors. The SVM techniques select the switching states associated with the minimum CMV value offline to eliminate the need for measurements. Experimental validation of the proposed algorithms is presented to operate a scaled-down six-phase PMSM fed by the proposed powertrain configuration. These proposed techniques make the CSI- based powertrain a promising solution for future HDEVs in terms of cost, performance, and reliability. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬科学) / 甲第23837号 / 薬科博第152号 / 新制||薬科||17(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科薬科学専攻 / (主査)教授 髙倉 喜信, 教授 山下 富義, 教授 小野 正博 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

Univerzita Karlova Pedagogická fakulta Katedra hudební výchovy DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Enviromentální výchova jako součást Hv na 1. stupni ZŠ s využitím tvorby Jar. Uhlíře a Zd. Svěráka Environmental education as a part of Hv at the 1st stage of elementary school with the use of works by Jar. Uhlíř and Zd. Svěrák Martina Urbanová ABSTRACT The subject of the work is the integration of elements of environmental education into the education of music education at the 1st stage of primary school through the creation of Jar. Uhlíř and Zd. Svěrak. The aim of the theoretical part of the work is to map the basic principles and thematic areas of environmental education at the 1st stage of primary school and to analyze selected works of Jar. Uhlíř and Zd. Svěrák in terms of environmental elements. The practical part is focused on the integration of Ev topics in their creation into Hv classes through project teaching and on the actual implementation of this teaching in the form of experimental teaching.

[ES] Actualmente la insuficiencia cardiaca es una de las principales causas de mortalidad y co-morbilidad a nivel mundial sobre todo en países desarrollados. Este tipo de patología a su vez, se desglosa en un gran abanico de posibles agentes que perturban el funcionamiento del músculo cardiaco en función de su causa. Uno de los problemas más importantes a niveles de afectación cardiaca se centra en pacientes que sufren algún tipo de cáncer y son tratados con antraciclinas. Estas drogas ampliamente usadas en el mundo de la oncología, tienen una serie de efectos secundarios entre los cuales destaca su posible efecto cardiotóxico. Este trabajo ahonda sobre este proceso y sobre la existencia de un perfil de paciente con una susceptibilidad a sufrir este tipo de episodios de toxicidad cardiaca. En este sentido, se investiga una serie de miRNAs que se encuentran diferencialmente expresados en pacientes que sufren este tipo de episodios frente a los que no. Una vez se detectan estos miRNA generamos un algoritmo predictor mediante el cual somos capaces de predecir si un paciente sufrirá cardiotoxicidad en función de la cantidad de ciertos miRNAs presentes en suero. Una vez descubiertos estos miRNAs nos centramos en la búsqueda de una posible opción terapéutica para esta serie de eventos. Para ello usamos las vesículas extracelulares (EVs) derivadas de células mesenquimales estromales (MSC), unas células que han demostrado tener un alto potencial terapéutico y de gran seguridad. Se evaluó su capacidad terapéutica en el daño inducido por doxorrubicina y posteriormente se amplió el estudio añadiendo el daño por isquemia reperfusión en diferentes frentes como puede ser la regeneración cardiaca, inhibición de la fibrosis o neoangiogénesis. Aunque es necesario un estudio más exhaustivo de los perfiles de cardiotoxicidad y de los mecanismos de acción tanto de los miRNAs como de las EVs, esta tesis demuestra la capacidad de ambos como una potente herramienta tanto de diagnóstico como terapéutica. / [CA] Actualment la insuficiència cardíaca és un dels principals causes de mortalitat i co-morbiditat a nivell mundial sobretot en països desenvolupats. Aquest tipus de patologia al seu torn, es desglossa en un gran ventall de possibles agents que pertorben el funcionament de l'múscul cardíac en funció de la seva causa. Un dels problemes més importants a nivells d'afectació cardíaca se centra en pacients que pateixen algun tipus de càncer i són tractats amb antraciclines. Aquestes drogues àmpliament usades en el món de l'oncologia, tenen una sèrie d'efectes secundaris entre els quals destaca el seu possible efecte cardiotòxic. Aquest treball aprofundeix sobre aquest succés i sobre ha un perfil de pacient amb una susceptibilitat a patir aquest tipus d'episodis de toxicitat cardíaca. En aquest sentit s'investiga una sèrie de miRNAs que es troben diferencialment expressats en pacients que pateixen aquest tipus d'episodis enfront dels que no. Un cop es detecten aquests miRNA generem un algoritme predictiu mitjançant el qual, som capaços de predir si un pacient patirà cardiotoxicitat en funció de la quantitat de certs miRNAs presents en sèrum. Un cop descoberts aquests miRNAs ens centrem en la recerca d'una possible opció terapèutica per a aquesta sèrie d'esdeveniments. Per a això fem servir les vesícules extracelulres derivades de cèl·lules mesesnquimales, unes cèl·lules que han demostrat tenir un alt potencial terapèutico i de gran seguretat. Es testen la seva capacitat terapèutica en el dany per doxurbicina i posteriorment s'amplia l'estudi afegint el dany per isquèmia reperfusió en diferents fronts com pot ser la regeneració cardíaca, inhibició de la fibrosi o neoangiogènesi. Encara que és necessari un estudi més exhaustiu dels perfils de cardiotoxicitat i dels mecanismes d'acció tant dels miRNAs com de les EVs, aquesta tesi demostra la capacitat de tots dos com una potent eina tant de diagnòstic com terapèutica. / [EN] Heart failure is currently one of the main causes of mortality and co-morbidity worldwide, especially in developed countries. This type of pathology, can be broken down into a wide range of possible agents that disturb the functioning of the cardiac muscle depending on its cause. One of the most important problems in terms of cardiac involvement is centered on patients who suffer from some type of cancer and are treated with anthracyclines. These drugs, widely used in the world of oncology, have a series of side effects, among which their possible cardiotoxic effect stands out. This work delves into this event and into the existence of a patient profile with a susceptibility to suffer this type of episodes of cardiac toxicity. In this sense, we investigate a series of miRNAs that are differentially expressed in patients who suffer this type of episodes versus those who do not. Once these miRNAs were detected, we generated a predictive algorithm by which we are able to predict whether a patient will suffer cardiotoxicity based on the amount of certain miRNAs present in serum. Once these miRNAs were discovered, we focused on the search for a possible therapeutic option for this series of events. For this we used extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal cells (MSC), cells that have been shown to have a high therapeutic potential and high safety. We tested their therapeutic capacity in doxorubicin injury and later extended the study by adding ischemia reperfusion injury on different fronts such as cardiac regeneration, inhibition of fibrosis or neoangiogenesis. Although a more exhaustive study of the cardiotoxicity profiles and mechanisms of action of both miRNAs and EVs is needed, this thesis demonstrates the capacity of both as a powerful diagnostic and therapeutic tool. / Sánchez Sánchez, R. (2021). Estudio del papel de los miRNAs y las vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células mesenquimales estromales en la patología cardiaca [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/177178 / TESIS