La présente recherche est de type exploratoire et porte sur la mise en forme juridique de l’expertise psychiatrique quant à la traitabilité des « délinquants dangereux ». Les observations sont menées en contexte canadien et couvrent quatre provinces, soit l’Alberta, le Québec, l’Ontario et la Nouvelle-Écosse de 2008 à 2012. La recherche est basée sur deux apports théoriques : l’avènement de la « nouvelle pénologie » et la théorie des systèmes autopoïétiques de Niklas Luhmann. La « traitabilité » est ainsi conçue comme un médium de communication auquel se réfèrent les systèmes psychiatrique et juridique pour construire, respectivement, leur propre conception de la traitabilité. Nos analyses démontrent que, du point de vue psychiatrique, la « traitabilité » renvoie, comme mise en forme principale, à la capacité de changement chez le délinquant. Pour les experts, le médium est ainsi investi pour promouvoir un idéal réhabilitatif et transformatif de l’individu : la forte majorité des délinquants sont, à différents niveaux, considérés traitables. Apparaît dans ce cadre une distinction entre le désir déviant et sa transposition en comportements déviants. Si le désir déviant ne peut pas être changé, le comportement, lui, peut être altéré ou refoulé par l’entremise de l’intervention thérapeutique. Pour les experts, la présence du désir ne représente pas un problème en soi si celui-ci ne débouche pas sur des actes concrets. Dans le contexte de la détermination de la peine, ces communications psychiatriques sont récupérées et réinvesties par le système juridique. Les principes réhabilitatifs promus par les experts cèdent la place à de nouveaux sens et à de nouvelles significations proprement juridiques. Ces dernières puisent leur essence principalement dans la neutralisation et la protection de la société, moins dans la capacité de changement du délinquant. Si la « traitabilité » dans son sens réhabilitatif est fortement représentée dans le discours des experts, le même médium ainsi que ces mises en forme psychiatriques sont investis tout autrement dans le système juridique. Pour ce système, dans l’ordre des priorités, le changement individuel apparaît secondaire par rapport à la protection de la société, vue comme prioritaire. La neutralisation de l’individu, notamment par son incarcération, se présente alors comme la meilleure protection. Le risque de récidive est non seulement neutralisé, mais la responsabilité du traitement en détention est en même temps transférée sur le délinquant. Le système, ainsi, s’autodécrit comme protégeant la société contre le crime. D’un point de vue sociologique, on remarque en même temps que ce faisant, le système se ‘’protège’’ lui-même contre la critique qui voudrait lui imputer la responsabilité de la non réhabilitation.

This thesis explored relationships (1) between composite and constituent processes of self-regulated learning (SRL) and three sport performance groups, (2) between SRL and different practice variables, and (3) whether these associations depended on an athlete’s consideration of future consequences (CFC). Athletes (N = 272; 200 males; 18-35 yrs; M practice = 13.55 hours/week) completed survey measures for SRL, weekly training including deliberate practice (DP), performance level and CFC. Higher scores in composite SRL were associated with a greater chance of belonging to an elite group, compared to a less-elite and a recreationally competitive group. Self-monitoring predicted greater likelihood of membership in less-elite and elite groups compared to the recreationally competitive group. Self-monitoring predicted greater engagement in total DP hours, and DP in supervised and unsupervised settings. Effort, self-efficacy, and planning were notable in some results, but contributions were less significant. CFC had no moderating effect, however it was correlated with SRL.

La possibilité des catastrophes nous oblige à repenser les définitions progressives, non-linéaires ("l'instauration," dans le vocabulaire d'Etienne Souriau) des concepts de risque, d'espace et d'expertise. Suivant une approche symétrique, ce travail explore plusieurs dimensions de l'espace «à risque» dans la Baie de San Francisco, ancrées dans l'expérience partagée d'une communauté épistémique plongée dans l ‘attente d'un séisme majeur - le "Big One". Avec les outils de la géographie et des études des sciences et technologies, nous nous pencherons sur le système complexe de relations qui co-construit le risque de tremblements de terre et regarderons la façon dont son instauration progressive entraine des transformations dans l'aménagement et la pratique de l'espace, la définition du risque, et, finalement, dans la figure de l'expert. A partir d'une recherche empirique approfondie menée dans la baie de San Francisco, l'analyse de la communauté des «Earthquake Junkies» - comme ces experts se présentent eux-mêmes - nous verrons que les différentes existences du tremblement de terre questionnent la séparation rigide entre science et expérience, rationalité et émotion, expertise et savoir profane. En proposant une perspective pragmatique, cette recherche propose également un cadre pour réfléchir à la définition du sujet «à risque » / The potentiality of disasters forces us to rethink progressive, yet non-linear definitions (“instauration,” in Souriau vocabulary) of risk, space, and expertise. Following a symmetrical approach, this work explores several moving dimensions of the subject and space “at risk” in the San Francisco Bay Area, within the shared experience of an epistemic community waiting for a major earthquake - “the Big One” - to unfold. With a Geography, Science and Technologies Studies perspectives, we will look at the complex system of relations that co-construct the risk of earthquakes and the ways in which this successive instauration convene transformations in the making of space, the definition of risk, and finally, the translation of this scientific work into public policies and the figure of the expert. Drawing from in-depth empirical research of the Bay Area, analyzing the community of “Earthquake Junkies”—as these experts called themselves—and other risk-conscious residents, this work emphasizes the role of experience and emotions in multiple interlaced processes, connecting risk, space, and expertise. Following this exploration will see that the rigid definition that have separated science and experience, rationality and emotion, expertise and lay perception should be recomposed in favor of a more systematic approach that takes into account the role of the different dimensions of knowledge. As a prospect for a better understanding of the complex definition of risk in the public sphere, this research also proposes a framework to think about the definition of the subject “at risk,” as well as allows for reflection on the establishment of closest relation between scientific and non-scientific knowledge

Les femmes, au Maroc, constituent une population hétérogène. Celles, qui, depuis l'indépendance, ont bénéficié de l'éducation puis accédé aux études supérieures, ont pu investir de nombreuses professions qu'elles exercent aujourd'hui parfois en nombre. Pourtant, certaines professions supérieures, comme la profession comptable, notamment dans son segment supérieur, l'expertise comptable, restent des bastions masculins. Les femmes y sont arrivées très lentement et restent en faible nombre, en particulier au stade de l'inscription à l'Ordre des experts-comptables. Cette étude se situe au croisement d'une sociologie des professions et d'une sociologie du genre. Elle montre comment l'intérêt s'est récemment porté sur la sociologie de la profession comptable dont le développement est lié à la libéralisation du marché et comment les modèles professionnels imposés par la colonisation à certains pays comme les pays arabes, dont le protectorat français au Maroc, ont influencé l'institutionnalisation des professions nationales. La place des femmes dans la profession comptable a été très peu étudiée et n'a encore fait l'objet d'aucun travail au Maroc. Aussi ce travail a eu également pour but l'étude de la profession, notamment au niveau de son segment supérieur, l'expertise comptable, au prisme du genre. A partir d'entretiens auprès de femmes mais également d'hommes comptables et experts-comptables à différentes étapes de leur vie professionnelle, ce travail montre la diversité des expériences et des vécus. Il analyse et interprète les trajectoires des femmes, que celles-ci soient linéaires ou qu'elles empruntent des voies alternatives qui les éloignent de l'inscription à l'Ordre. Certaines femmes feront l'expérience d'une accumulation de freins et obstacles qui remettent aujourd'hui en question la classique métaphore du « plafond de verre». D'autres au contraire, suivront des trajectoires linéaires qui leur permettront des carrières de réussite et l'accession à la stature de femmes « dirigeantes ». Les mécanismes susceptibles d'expliquer la diversité de ces parcours, dont les cursus, les conditions de travail, la place que la société fait aux femmes marocaines et la recherche permanente à laquelle s'astreignent les femmes d'un équilibre entre leur vie professionnelle et leur vie familiale, sont analysés dans ce travail. / Women in Morocco constitute an heterogeneous population. Those who, since the independence of the country, have benefited from education and accessed higher education, have been able to invest sometimes highly many professions. However, some higher professions like accounting, remain male bastions. Women have come to them very slowly and remain very few, especially when registering at the College of Accountants (Ordre).This study lies at the crossing of the sociology of professions and the sociology of gender. Starting from the development of the sociology of professions, first the Anglo-Saxon then the French one, it shows how interest has recently focused on the sociology of the accounting profession, the development of which is linked to the market liberalization and how professional models imposed on countries such as the Arab countries by colonization influenced the institutionalization of the national profession. In Morocco, the accounting profession was born with the French protectorate.The place of women in the accounting profession has been very little studied and it hasn't been the subject of any work in Morocco. Thus, this work also aimed to study accounting, through the prism of gender. From interviews with accountants, women but also men, at different steps of their professional life, this work shows the diversity of experiences. It analyzes the trajectories of women, either they have been linear or they have borrowed alternative routes that take them away from the registration to the College (Ordre). Some women have experienced an accumulation of disadvantages that would today question the classical metaphor of « glass ceiling ». Others on the contrary, have followed linear paths that have led them to successfully careers and to the stature of « leaders ». Mechanisms able to explain the diversity of courses, including curricula, working conditions, the women permanent search for a balance between their professional and their family lives and the place that society allows them are analyzed in this work.

The thesis deals with marginally explored area of expert capacities of the Czech political parties with respect to the different organizational types of selected political parties and movements. The work aims to find out what expert capacities work for these types of political parties, how these experts are recruited in their position, whether it corresponds to their educational background and professional experiences with function, which are they holding in the expert authority. Work is elaborated in the form of case study, which focuses on the activities of defense policy expert commissions. The text is divided into two theoretical and one empirical chapters. The first chapter deals with the process of policy-making, its actors and activities associated with this process. The second chapter defines the various types of political parties first from the mainstream perspective (cadre, mass, catch-all parties), which complements the modern concept of business party and finally there is a typology of S. Wolinetz (office-seeking, vote-seeking, policy-seeking parties). The last empirical chapter presents the case study focused on four Czech political parties (TOP 09, KSČM, ČSSD and political movement ANO 2011) and their access to party expertise. The result of this work is to compare the level of analytical capacity across selected political parties/movements and testing of hypotheses formulated in the introduction of the thesis.

<p>QC 20120129</p>

abstract: This dissertation explores the technolinguistic brokering experience of adolescents and (im)migrant non-English speaking mothers in acculturating families. By focusing on the performance of cultural intermediation, I examine the dimensions of technolinguistic brokering and their influence upon the Adolescent Language Technology Broker (ALTB) and mother relationship. Additionally, I explore the factors of power present as a result of the complexities of the ALTBs role to connect their mother to the English speaking community. This research uses a qualitative approach to explore concepts of expertise, knowledge, (inter)dependence, relational maintenance and quality, and power in the dialogic cultural relationship. Research indicates that expertise in the form of culture, cultural interactions, multilingual, and relational maintenance and quality contribute to the ALTBs capabilities in building cultural relationships. Moreover, to assist in dealing with power tensions created by differing levels of expertise and knowledge, ALTBs and mothers communicatively construct an (inter)dependent cultural relationship. I highlight practical implications, discuss limitations, and provide recommendations for future directions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Communication 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effects of online reviews on consumer purchase intention considering the moderating role of product involvement and consumer expertise. Methodology: To reach our goal in this paper, we conduct a descriptive study in a deductive way. This is quantitative research in which the relationship between online reviews and consumer buying behavior will be tested. The research strategy of the study is an online survey. The sample size is 200 respondents considering confidence level 95% and confidence interval 7. Data editor IBM SPSS is used to performing the data analysis. Findings: High-low product involvement and high-low consumer expertise have an impact on the factor of online review (quality, quantity, and credibility) significantly and it affects the purchase intention of the consumer. The study created a conceptual model, which is adapted from the ELM model that considers expertise, involvement, perceived quality, quantity credibility of online consumer review and intent to purchase. This study found that the effect of review type (quality) on the intention of purchase was stronger for both experts and novice and both high-low involvement products. Depending on the level of involvement, the quantity of review on purchase intention increases but the quantity of review on the intention to purchase did not differ under both low involvement &amp; high expertise. Again, individuals rely on source credibility when product involvement is low. But the credibility of the review did not differ on the purchase of intention under low involvement and low expertise situation. Research implications: This study applies the ELM model to measure the cognitive factor (review factor) and motivation factor (involvement and expertise) together. This study shows consumers with different levels of involvement and expertise prefer different levels of online review factors. The marketer could classify online review information into different category lines like the attribute-based review, benefit-based review, etc. and based on the analysis, the marketer can make a different plan for a different level of consumer (expert and involved consumer). Keywords: Quality, quantity, and credibility of review, Product involvement, consumer expertise, elaboration likelihood model (ELM Model).

L’expertise du risque biologique joue un rôle central dans l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre de la politique sanitaire et environnementale au niveau de l’Union européenne. Depuis la crise dite de la « vache folle », le législateur de l’Union a reconnu la nécessité d’encadrer davantage cette expertise. Toutefois, si le droit de l’Union s’intéresse au cadre scientifique de l’expertise du risque biologique, il traite de façon lacunaire la question de son cadre juridique. En effet, si les exigences d’indépendance, d’impartialité et de transparence sont affirmées à l’égard de l’expert, leur application manque de clarté et menace à terme la protection de la santé et de l’environnement des citoyens de l’Union. Pour remédier à ce problème, cette étude propose des critères ayant pour but l’établissement d’une réglementation au niveau de l’Union de l’expertise du risque biologique. Ces critères ont été établis après l’analyse du cadre juridique existant, des modèles d’expertise issus des législations de certains Etats membres et tiers à l’Union ainsi que de contributions doctrinales. / Biological risk expertise plays a central role in the development and implementation of health and environmental policy at EU level. Since the "mad cow" crisis, the Union's legislator has recognized the need to provide more guidance for this expertise. However, while EU law is concerned with the scientific framework of biological risk expertise, it does not address the issue of its legal framework in a comprehensive way. Indeed, while the requirements of independence, impartiality and transparency are affirmed with regard to the expert, their application lacks clarity and ultimately threatens the protection of the health and environment of EU citizens. To address this problem, this study proposes criteria for establishing EU-level regulation of biological risk expertise. These criteria were established after analysis of the existing legal framework, models of expertise from the legislation of certain Member States and third countries as well as doctrinal contributions.

The problems of judicial expertise in criminal proceedings Abstract Judicial Expertise is a substantial and irreplaceable part of criminal proceedings. It's legal regulation is required to fulfil high demands. Firstly, it must provide an effective platform for usage of expert evidence in criminal proceedings. Secondly, it ought to ensure that experts provide quality outcomes in compliance with lege artis. Thirdly, it should offer satisfying conditions for expert's activities. This thesis selects a few of the current issues originating from aforementioned requirements. It analyses their origin and evaluates how the Czech legal regulation solves them. At first, the thesis defines fundamental institutes which create a base for an expert's function in criminal proceedings. Subsequently, it offers an overview of statutory regulation of judicial expertise in criminal proceedings. It deals with both special regulation in criminal law and general regulation of Act No. 254/2019 Sb., on judicial experts, expert offices and expert institutes, together with relevant ordinances. Chapter three deals with legislative changes in the field of judicial experts effective from 1st January 2021. It focuses on new experts appointing, remuneration and supervision of experts' activities. It analyses and compares how these issues...