Traditionally, bacterial culture has been used for bacterial detection, allowing study of living microorganisms. Molecular methods are rapid and allow simultaneous identification of numerous species and uncultivated phylotypes. The objective of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the role of the oral microbiota, including poorly characterized and uncultivated bacteria, in dental caries and periodontitis, by comprehensive molecular, clinical, and statistical methods. The microbiota of 275 pre-school children (75 with caries and 200 caries-free) was examined by whole genomic DNA probes, 16S rDNA cloning and sequencing, and PCR. Streptococcus mutans, exhibiting a combined association with Streptococcus sobrinus, was significantly associated with Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Plaque from children with Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) was diverse with 138 identified and 107 unidentified taxa, which possibly included novel phylotypes. Other species/phylotypes associated with childhood caries included Lactobacillus gasseri (p<0.01), Lactobacillus fermentum, Actinomyces israelii, and Actinomyces odontolyticus (all p<0.05, ECC), Veillonella parvula (p<0.01), Veillonella atypica (p<0.05), and Veillonella sp. HOT-780 (p<0.01, S-ECC). Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri, both used as probiotic therapy species, were detected more frequently in caries-free children than those with ECC. Fastidious periodontal species, including Parvimonas micra, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Eubacterium brachy, Filifactor alocis (all p <0.05), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (p<0.01), were also more frequently detected in children with dental caries than in caries-free children. Other variables associated with ECC were race, dental visit, snacking (all p<0.05), and visible dental plaque (p<0.01). The oral microbiota of early periodontitis in young adults (N=141) was analyzed by whole genomic and oligonucleotide DNA probes, and PCR. Species detected more frequently in early periodontitis than periodontal health included Treponema denticola, F. alocis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Bacteroidetes sp. HOT-274 (oral clone AU126), and A. odontolyticus (p<0.01) by oligonucleotide DNA probes, and P. gingivalis (p<0.001) and T. forsythia (p=0.03) by PCR. Subgingival samples exhibited a higher prevalence of periodontitis-associated species than samples from tongue surface, including A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. denticola, T. forsythia (all p<0.05), and uncultivated TM7, Treponema, and Actinobaculum clones (all p<0.05). P. gingivalis (p<0.01) by PCR was associated with periodontal disease progression. Early periodontitis was associated with older age (p=0.01), male gender (p=0.04), and cigarette smoking (p=0.05). The role of bacterial subgroups in periodontitis was examined by studying the serotypeability of 313 genotyped clinical A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates (189 subjects). A total of 95 strains (30 subjects) remained non-serotypeable, although PCR revealed presence of the serotype- specific genes. The absence of the immunodominant serotype-specific antigen was confirmed by immunoblot assays. No major DNA rearrangement in the studied serotype-specific gene clusters was found. In summary, detection of previously cultured species and uncultivated phylotypes revealed the diversity of the oral microbiota in dental diseases and health already early in life. Bacterial species have insufficiently characterized subgroups that may have attributes to evade the host response. Molecular approaches used in this study enable comprehensive, culture-independent characterization of the oral microbiome that may in the future lead to identification of diagnostic bacterial profiles for dental diseases.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the relationships between maternal psycho-social factors and brushing practices in low-income children aged 1-5 years old. METHODS: Data from The Oral Health Advocates in Public Housing (OHAPH) study was used. Analyses were limited to 1–5 year old children and their mothers (n =941). Mothers were surveyed regarding their knowledge about child’s oral health, self-efficacy and self-motivation related to brushing their children’s teeth twice a day. The main outcome measure was children’s brushing frequency reported by their mothers. Analyses were conducted in SAS 9.4 to account for the complex sampling design. RESULTS: Maternal knowledge about child’s oral health was significantly associated with maternal self-efficacy (OR=1.95; 95% CI=1.44-2.64), significant association was also found with maternal self-motivation (OR=3.24; 95% CI=1.42-7.36). Self-efficacy and self-motivation were highly associated (p-value <0.0001), mothers who reported having high level of self-efficacy were highly motivated as well (77.8%). Most of the children in this sample had their teeth brushed twice or more a day (65.3%). Maternal self-efficacy was a strong and significant predictor of child’s brushing frequency (OR=10.51; 95% CI= 6.98-15.81). Maternal self-motivation has also showed a statistically significant association with child’s brushing frequency (OR=7.41; 95% CI=2.63-20.85). However, higher level of maternal knowledge about child’s oral health was not significantly associated with having the child’s teeth brushed twice or more a day (OR= 1.33, 95% CI= 0.96-1.84). Older children and those who had visited the dentist within the past year showed higher odds of having their teeth brushed twice a day in comparison with younger children and those who didn’t visit the dentist. Being a Hispanic child lowers the odds of brushing frequency. Mediation analysis showed that maternal self-efficacy and self-motivation are both mediators in the pathway between maternal knowledge about child’s oral health and child’s brushing frequency, full mediation was observed. CONCLUSION: Maternal self-efficacy and self-motivation are associated with children’s brushing practices. Since these factors are modifiable, designing tailored interventions targeting mothers with the aim of improving child’s brushing frequency could be the key to increase the oral health potential for young children from low-income families early in life. / 2018-09-28T00:00:00Z

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / AIM:The aim of this study was to review the data available from the Department of Health(DOH), on pre-school paediatric patients treated under Dental General Anaesthesia(DGA), at public health facilities in the Western Cape (WC) in order to ascertain the type and nature of treatment provided.METHODOLOGY:This retrospective descriptive study reviewed the records on the Department of Health(DoH) Database of 16 732 pre-school patients treated under dental general anaesthesia in the period 1 January 2005 until 31 December 2007. A questionnaire was also completed telephonically with 22 dentists from the district dental health clinics.Summary descriptive statistics were calculated from data collected and comparisons were drawn between services available at the health districts and academic hospitals.RESULTS:Of the 58 255 procedures recorded for pre-school patients in the district health clinics in the Western Cape, 99.94% were for extractions provided and 0.5% for restorations.The average number of teeth extracted was 10.4 (SD ±3.9).The average rate of DGA per 1000 of the population was 1.06. Only 9% (2) of dentists at district clinics reported that pre-DGA prevention was provided and 5% (1) reported including post-DGA prevention. The Academic Hospital at Tygerberg Oral Health Centre was the only facility in the Western Cape that provided comprehensive dental treatment for pre-school patients which included restorations, extractions, pre and post DGA prevention. Red Cross Children’s Hospital provided treatment for pre-school patients under DGA that included extractions, pre- and post DGA, but no restorative treatment. CONCLUSION:The demand for DGA in pre-school patients in the WC was high. The lack of prevention associated with DGA in the public health service is the most likely reason the retreatment rate under DGA was reported by dentists as being 77%. There was an absence of protocol regarding DGA for pre-school patients in the public health service.RECOMMENDATIONS:Guidelines formulated were recommended for use in the public service for pre-school patients being treated under DGA and includes the provision of preventive interventions such as regular topical fluoride applications, oral hygiene instruction and dietary advice.

Objectifs : L’objectif principal de cette étude est de connaître l’âge auquel les dentistes québécois recommandent la première visite dentaire chez les enfants. Les objectifs secondaires sont d’identifier des facteurs qui peuvent influencer l’âge auquel les dentistes recommandent la première visite dentaire, d’identifier les facteurs qui freinent les dentistes à voir de jeunes enfants et de vérifier les connaissances des dentistes concernant la prise en charge des jeunes patients. Méthode : Une invitation à répondre à un questionnaire informatisé confidentiel regroupant 32 énoncés a été envoyée aux membres de l’Ordre des dentistes du Québec (ODQ). Résultats : 263 dentistes québécois ont répondu en tout ou en partie au questionnaire. L’âge moyen recommandé pour la première visite dentaire est de 21,1 mois (±11,8). Les dentistes qui recommandent une visite dentaire plus tôt sont les femmes (p<0,001), les dentistes pédiatriques (p=0,001), les dentistes ayant gradué depuis 2000 (p=0,005), les répondants connaissant la recommandation de la première visite à tout au plus an (p=0,001), le concept de la maison dentaire (p=0,01), ceux qui sont au courant que les soins dentaires sont la première cause d’anesthésie générale chez les enfants canadiens (p=0,006) ainsi que ceux très intéressés à recevoir des formations supplémentaires (p<0,05). Les participants estiment que le comportement et le manque de participation sont les principaux obstacles qui les empêchent de traiter de jeunes enfants. Conclusion : En moyenne, les répondants recommandent la première visite dentaire à l’âge de 21,1 mois, ce qui est supérieur à un an, l’âge recommandé par l’Association dentaire canadienne. Afin de sensibiliser les dentistes à la pertinence de la première visite dentaire avant un an, il serait pertinent que l’ODQ fasse des campagnes de promotion auprès des dentistes et de la population québécoise. Il serait aussi souhaitable d’augmenter les formations continues sur ce sujet et d’inclure dans les curriculums de doctorat en médecine dentaire des stages cliniques avec des enfants de moins de deux ans. / Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the age at which Quebec dentists recommend the first dental visit. Secondary objectives are as follow: to identify the factors that influence the age at which dentists recommend the first dental visit, to identify dissuasive elements that keep dentists from treating young children, and to evaluate the dentists’ knowledge in regard to infant patient care. Methods: Members of the Ordre des dentistes du Québec were invited to answer to a confidential online survey containing 32 questions. Results: 263 Quebec dentists answered the questionnaire, in totality or partially. The average age recommended for the first dental visit is 21.1 months (±11.8). Dentists who recommend an earlier dental visit are: women (p<0.001), pediatric dentists (p=0.001), dentists who graduated since 2000 (p=0.005), respondents who already knew the recommendation for the a first dental visit at age one (p=0.001), respondents who were familiar with the dental home concept (p=0.01), respondents who knew that dental care is the first reason for general anesthesia among Canadian children (p=0.006) and those who are very interested in following an additional training course in pediatric dentistry (p<0.05). Patient’s behavior and lack of cooperation are the main identified reasons that prevent dentists from treating infants. Conclusion: On average, the participants recommend the first dental visit at 21.1 months, which is later than one year (the age recommended by the Canadian Dental Association). In order to make dentists aware of the importance of the first dental visit before one year old, it would be pertinent for the ODQ to carry out promotional campaigns addressed to dentists as well as Quebec’s general population. It would also be pertinent to increase continuing education on this subject and to include clinical internships with children aged under two in the doctoral programs of general dentistry.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is closely related to high numbers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and Candida albicans . Oral colonization of these microorganisms was monitored in a prospective clinical study in order to investigate the effect of comprehensive treatment under general anesthesia and the sustainability of microbial changes. Saliva samples were collected from 50 healthy infants with ECC before and in regular intervals up to 12 months after treatment. Microorganisms were detected by cultivation on selective agars (CRT ® bacteria and Sabouraud/CandiSelect TM ) and scored. Additionally, plaque on upper front teeth and the dmft were recorded. Parents were repeatedly interviewed regarding the children’s diet and oral hygiene, accompanied by corresponding advice. Plaque frequency and the numbers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and yeasts were significantly reduced as a result of treatment (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). Nevertheless, this effect was not permanent. An ordinal regression model on the follow-up period revealed that the odds for bacteria and yeasts to reach a higher score increased linearly over time (p < 0.01) with an odds ratio of 2.244 per year. One third (34%) of the children developed new dentinal lesions within 1 year postoperatively. High scores of lactobacilli before treatment predicted caries relapse (p < 0.05). Nutritional and oral hygiene habits changed only slightly despite advising. Elimination and restoration of ECC lesions under general anesthesia proved to be an effective procedure in reducing cariogenic bacteria and yeasts. A satisfactory and sustainable success, however, could be achieved neither regarding microbiologic parameters nor with respect to the relapse rate. More suitable strategies are needed.

No description available.

ABSTRAKTMål: Syftet med denna studie var att bestämma kariesprevalensen (ECC) hos 2-4åriga barn i utvalda områden i Kirikkale, Turkiet, och undersöka associationen tillmoderns S.mutansnivå. Det undersöktes möjliga samband mellan barnens S.mutans nivå och förekomst av ECC. Utöver det valdes även att undersökasambandet mellan riskfaktorer och barnens kariesprevalens samt samband mellanriskfaktorer och barnens S. mutansnivå.Metoder: En pilotstudie bestående av kliniska undersökningar och frågeformulärutformades för insamling och bearbetning av information. Studiepopulationenbestod av 60 barn mellan 2-4 år. De blev kliniskt undersökta för att bestämmaECC prevalensen. Mammors S. mutansnivåer jämfördes med barnens ECCprevalens.Resultat: ECC prevalensen var 45% och medelvärdet av karierade fyllda primäratänder (dft) var 2.1. Studien kunde inte visa något signifikant samband mellan S.mutansnivån hos mödrar och ECC förekomsten bland barn. Däremot visadestudien en signifikant relation mellan barnens ålder och dft. Studien visade ingasamband mellan riskfaktorer och dft och ej heller någon association mellanriskfaktorer och barnets S.mutansnivå.Slutsats: Studien visar att ECC prevalensen är relativt hög (45 %) blandförskolebarn inom de utvalda områdena av Kirikkale, Turkiet. Studien har intekunnat finna något signifikant samband mellan S. mutansnivå bland mödrar ochbarnens ECC prevalens. I samstämmighet med andra tidigare studier, visade detockså att förekomsten av S. mutans bland förskolebarn är starkt knuten till ECC. / ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of the study was to determine the early childhood caries(ECC) prevalence among 2-4 years old children in selected areas of Kirikkale,Turkey. The study aims to find the association between ECC among children andthe Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) level in their mothers. The study should alsodetermine possible associations between risk factors and children’s dental caries,and the association between risk factors and children’s S.mutans level.Methods: This is a pilot study consisting of a clinical examination and aquestionnaire, designed to collect necessary data. The study population of 60children, aged 2-4 years old, whom have been clinically examined to determinethe ECC prevalence. The mothers’ S.mutans levels have been compared with theECC prevalence among the children.Results: The ECC prevalence was 45% and mean number of primary decayed-filled teeth (dft) 2.1. The study could not show any correlation between S.mutanslevels among mothers and ECC prevalence among children. However, the studyshowed a significant association between children’s age and dft. Furthermore, thestudy could not find any association between the different risk factors and dft, orchildren’s S.mutans levels.Conclusion: The current study suggests that ECC prevalence is relatively high(45%) among preschool children in selected areas of Kirikkale, Turkey. However,the study could not find any significant relationships between S.mutans levelsamong mothers’ and children’s ECC prevalence. In consistency with earlierstudies in the field, results also suggest that the presence of S. mutans amongpreschool children is strongly connected to ECC.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación entre caries de infancia temprana y anemia en historias clínicas de niños que acudieron al Servicio de Enfermería del Centro de Salud Atusparias, octubre-diciembre 2022. Estudio de tipo casos y controles, analítico, no experimental, relacional, observacional y retrospectivo. Metodología, se distribuyeron 2 grupos: casos y controles. El grupo casos estuvo conformado por los niños que presentaron Caries de Infancia Temprana y el grupo control fueron aquellos que no tuvieron caries. De esos dos grupos se determinó cuántos tuvieron anemia y cuantos no tenían anemia. Primero se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, se empleó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comprobar la relación entre las variables. Luego, se realizó Odds Ratio (OR) para medir que tan fuerte es la relación y el riesgo. Se trabajó con el valor de p menor de 0.5, lo cual corresponde a un nivel de significancia. Se concluyó que no existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables de caries de infancia temprana y anemia. / The general objective of this research was to determine the relationship between early childhood caries and anemia in the medical records of children who attend the nursing service of the Atusparias health center October-December 2022. The was a case-control, analytical study, not experimental, relational, observational and retrospective. Within the methodology, 2 groups were distributed: cases and controls. The case group was made up of children who had early childhood cavities and the control group were those who had not had cavities. And of these two groups, how many have anemia and how many do not have anemia were calculated- A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out, where the corresponding measures of central tendency and dispersión were implemented. The chi square test was used to test the relationship between the variables. Then, Odds Ratio (OR) was performed to mesuare how strong the relationship and risks is. We worked with a p value of less than 0.05, which corresponds to a level of signifcance. The conclusión was that isn´t exist a relation statistical significative between both variables.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study the association between Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life as assessed by “The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale” questionnaire. Methods: Parents of healthy children (ASA I and II) ages 1-5 with early childhood caries with reversible pulpitis who had application of SDF filled out a questionnaire at baseline and again after one month. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate the child’s behavior, physical abilities, pain, temperament, and how well the child gets along with others. Results: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to determine if responses to various ECOHIS items and the total scores were different between the two time points. Conclusion: Children with dental caries who had application of SDF reported less dental pain, less eating problems, higher quality of sleep and overall higher quality of life at one-month follow up compared with the baseline.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T20:04:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 17 / Nenhuma / O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a efetividade de um programa de orientação nutricional durante o primeiro ano de vida na incidência de cárie precoce da infância aos 12 meses de idade. Um ensaio clínico randomizado foi conduzido com 500 crianças (200 do grupo intervenção e 300 do grupo controle). As mães do grupo intervenção receberam orientação nutricional em visitas mensais aos domicílios até a criança completar 6 meses de idade e visitas de 2 em 2 meses até a criança completar 1 ano. A orientação se baseou nos "Dez Passos para uma Alimentação Saudável" uma diretriz do Ministério da Saúde com o apoio da Organização Panamericanda de Saúde. Aos 6 e 12 meses as mães de ambos os grupos responderam questionário sobre variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e dietéticas. Aos 12 meses, 157 crianças do grupo intervenção e 219 do grupo controle foram examinadas por um dos autores. O número médio de superfícies cariadas (incluindo manchas brancas) e a incidência de cárie foram comparadas entre os grupos. / Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of a nutritional advice program developed during the first year of life on ECC incidence at 12 months of age. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was carried out with 500 infants (200 intervention, 300 control). The mothers of the intervention group received nutritional advice in home visits at 10 days after the birth, followed by monthly visits up to six months and bimonthly visits at 8, 10 and 12 months. The orientation was based on the "Ten Steps for Healthy Nutrition", a national policy established by the Brazilian government with the support of the Pan American Health Organization. At 6 and 12 months, mothers of both groups were interviewed with regard to demographic, socioeconomic and dietary behavior variables. At 12 months, 157 children from intervention and 219 from control group were examined by one of the authors (C.A.F). Results: The mean number of decayed surfaces (including white spot lesions) and caries incidence were compared between the groups. There