Thesis (Ph. D.)--Colorado State University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 239 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2009. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-49). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 111-117)

viii, 61 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm Typescript. (Another copy on microfilm is located in Archives) Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon Includes vita and abstract Bibliography: leaves 57-61 University of Oregon theses, Dept. of Biology, M.S., 1980

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-13T17:07:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardonunescardoso.pdf: 3871280 bytes, checksum: 8c2c523333135cba552e3b476ccddcc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-15T14:13:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardonunescardoso.pdf: 3871280 bytes, checksum: 8c2c523333135cba552e3b476ccddcc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T14:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardonunescardoso.pdf: 3871280 bytes, checksum: 8c2c523333135cba552e3b476ccddcc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Amblyomma cajennense (Fabrícius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidade) é um ectoparasito típico de eqüídeos, amplamente distribuído nas Américas do Sul e Central. O uso indiscriminado dos carrapaticidas tem levado as populações destes artrópodes a um grave quadro de resistência aos produtos fitossanitários. Além disso, o uso exclusivo de carrapaticida é pouco viável a longo prazo e em termos econômicos tornando-se necessário o emprego de métodos alternativos de controle. Os nematóides entomopatogênicos tem sido apontados como agentes promissores no controle de carrapatos, entretanto como é pequeno o número de estudos a esse respeito objetivou-se avaliar o potencial de Steinernema glaseri (Steiner, 1929) isolado Santa Rosa como agente de controle biológico do carrapato Amblyomma cajennense. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Parasitologia, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora – MG, no período de outubro de 2005 e janeiro de 2006. Avaliou-se o potencial de S. glaseri nas concentrações de 0, 156, 325, 675, 1250, 2500, 5000 e 10000 juvenis infectantes (JI) por unidade experimental (UE). Cada um desses tratamentos foi composto por 10 unidades experimentais que foram montadas com placas de Petri contendo areia autoclavada, 4ml de água destilada e 10 ninfas, num total de 100 espécimes por tratamento. As placas de Petri foram fechadas com parafilme e mantidas em estufa climatizada do tipo B.O.D (27±1ºC e U.R>80%) por 72 horas. Após este período as ninfas ingurgitadas de A. cajennense foram lavadas com água destilada e transferidas para placas de Petri limpas observadas a cada 24±1 hora durante 20 dias, a fim de se observar as alterações nos parâmetros biológicos, tais como: Período de ecdise (PE), Período de pré-ecdise (PPE), Percentual de ecdise (%Ec) e Período de muda (PM). Cada parâmetro foi analisado em relação aos adultos, englobando machos e fêmeas e também para cada um dos sexos isoladamente por unidade experimental. Para x iii análise dos dados foi utilizado o Software Graphpad Instat Versão 2.05 com Análise de Variância, Teste de Tukey-Kramer, Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn’s (p 0.05). No tratamento com 5000 JI/UE ocorreu redução significativa no PPE total, assim como PM, em relação ao controle e considerando-se apenas os machos, o PM também sofreu redução significativa. No tratamento com 10000 JI/UE houve um aumento significativo do PPE total e o PE total foi reduzido significativamente neste tratamento, em relação ao controle. O período de ecdise dos machos apresentou um aumento significativo em quatro dos oito tratamentos (tratamentos com 156, 612, 2500 e 5000 JI). A mortalidade, assim como a redução do percentual de ecdise só foi significativa no tratamento com 10000 JI /UE. Mesmo sem abertura genital nas ninfas de A. cajennense, S. glaseri foi capaz de exercer ação deletéria em concentrações superiores a 5000 JI /UE. As doses de 5000 e 10000 JI /UE foram deletérias a determinados processos da fase não parasitária de A. cajennense. Entretanto novos estudos são necessários, ainda in vitro, com doses superiores a 10000 JI /EU, a fim de se confirmar o potencial entomopatogênico de A. cajennense sobre populações de S. glaseri. / Amblyomma cajennense (Fabrícius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidade) is an ectoparasitic kind of horse, widely distributed in south and central America. The indiscriminate use of acaricidal has taken this animals population to a critical resistence situation to drugs and the exclusive use of acaricidal is just viable in pratical and economical terms became necessary the job of alternative control method. The nematodes entomopathogenic has bem indicated as sucessiful agents to control ticks, however is short the number of the studies about that, the target is analyse the potential os Steinernema glaseri strain Santa Rosa as biological agent control of A. cajennense. The experiment was made in the EMBRAPA GADO DE LEITE, Parasitology Laboratory – Juiz de Fora (MG), between october of 2005 and january of 2006. Has ben tested differents concentrations of S. glaseri (0, 156, 325, 650, 1250, 2500, 5000 e 10000 infectives juveniles (IJ) per tested unity (UT). Each one of this treatment was composed per 10 tested unitys crated with Petri dish sterilized, 4 ml of destil water and 10 nynphs in na total of 100 types for treatament. The Petri dish was closed with parafil and keeped in a humid chamber kind of BOD (27±1ºC and RH>80%) per 72 hours. After that period the engorged nynphs of A. cajennense was washed with destil water and removed to a Petri dish without sand or IJ and observed by each 24±1 hour during 20 days, with the objetive to observe wich alterations in a parametres biological such as: ecdysis period (EP), pre-ecdysis period (PEP), ecdysis percentual (%Ec), and mouthing period (MP). Each parametres was analysed about adults connections, comprising male and female ande for each one of the sex separating by tested unitys as will. The statistic data treatment was maked with Variance Analyse, Tukey- Kramer Test, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s (p 0.05) On the treatment with 5000 IJ/UT happens the significant reduction of PEP totally, such as MP, in connections with control and xv considerating only the males. The MP had soffer the significant reduction too. On the treatment with 10000 IJ/UT had a significant increase of PEP totally and the EP totally was reduced highly expressive in this treatment by connection with control. The male ecdysis period had present a significant increase in four of the seven treatments (treatmments with 156, 612, 2500 and 5000 IJ). The mortality such as the percentual reduction of ecdysis just was significant on the treatment with 10000 IJ/UT. Until without genital hole of A. cajennense nynphs, S. glaseri was able to make the deleterious action in concentration up 5000 IJ/UT. The treatment of 5000 and 10000IJ/UT was deleterious by determined process of no parasitary phase of A. cajennense. However new studyies are necessary, in vitro yet, with superior doses than 10000 IJ/UT, due to confirm the entomopathogenic potential of A. cajennense under de S. glaseri population.

Ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) is a neuropeptide known for its role in the orchestration of ecdysis. However, its role in the regulation of Juvenile Hormone (JH) synthesis is unknown. In Aedes aegypti, JH is synthesized by the corpora allata (CA) and titers are tightly regulated by allatoregulatory factors. In this study I describe the effect of ETH on JH synthesis during the late pupal stage and in the adult female after blood feeding. Analysis of ETH receptor (ETHRs) expression showed that ETHRs are present in both the CA and the corpora cardiaca (CC), a neurohemal organ. The data suggest that ETH regulates JH synthesis directly through its receptors in CA. Our results show that in pupa, ETH has a stimulatory effect on JH synthesis while in adult blood fed females, ETH is inhibitory. These findings constitute the first evidence of ETH as a regulatory peptide in mosquito JH synthesis.

En Nouvelle-Calédonie il y a une forte volonté politique pour diversifier l'aquaculture qui repose encore aujourd'hui sur la crevetticulture. Dans ce contexte le crabe de palétuvier est considéré comme une espèce à fort potentiel. Un des principaux verrous au développement de la carcinoculture en Nouvelle-Calédonie est la disponibilité d'un aliment granulé commercial. Ainsi le principal objectif de cette thèse est d'améliorer notre connaissance des besoins nutritionnels du crabe de palétuvier afin d'être en mesure de formuler un aliment équilibré pour son élevage. Cependant avant d'aborder les études nutritionnelles nous avons vérifié le nombre d'espèces de crabes de palétuvier présentes en Nouvelle-Calédonie.Nos résultats d'études morphologiques et génétiques de 63 individus provenant de 9 sites des côtes Ouest et Nord-Est de la Nouvelle-Calédonie ont confirmé l'existence d'une unique espèce commercialisée: Scylla serrata. C'est donc sur cette espèce que nous avons travaillé en nutrition avec deux séries expérimentales ayant pour objectifs: i) d'évaluer le concentré protéique de soja (CPS) en comparaison avec la farine de poisson comme principale source en protéines et ii) de déterminer le taux optimum d'incorporation du CPS pour la mue et la croissance tissulaire des animaux. Nous avons ainsi observé deux phases de croissance tissulaire au cours d'un cycle de mue (CM): une phase rapide (CTR) qui démarre après la mue et dure jusqu'au début de l'intermue (elle représente 30% du CM) suivi d'une phase de croissance lente (CTL) sur toute la durée de l'intermue et jusqu'à la mue suivante (elle représente 70% du CM). L'accumulation des protéines et des lipides au cours du CM a suivi le même profil de croissance tissulaire contrairement aux cendres qui ont augmenté de façon rapide durant 5 jours suivant l'ecdysis pour atteindre un plateau jusqu'à la prochaine mue. Les deux phases de croissance étaient corrélées avec une prise de l'aliment par les animaux maximale pendant les deux premières semaines suivant la mue. Elle a diminué de moitié sur les 5 semaines suivantes et s'est maintenue ensuite à un niveau de base jusqu'à la prochaine mue. L'énergie ingérée était allouée principalement à la croissance et à l'entretient respectivement durant les périodes CTR et CTL. Durant la phase de croissance lente, 28% de l'énergie ingérée étaient mise en réserve en prévision de la prochaine mue. Le remplacement de la farine de poisson par la CPS n'a pas modifié la croissance tissulaire,l'efficience de l'aliment et le bilan énergétique des animaux quelque soit la phase de croissance considérée. Le taux d'incorporation dans l'aliment de 42% de CPS a permis la meilleure croissance (fréquence de mue et croissance tissulaire, efficience de l'aliment et la rétention de l'énergie des protéines et des lipides. L'hypothèse d'une toxicité de l'ammonium issu de la dégradation des protéines en excès ou des facteurs antinutritionnels du soja est avancée pour expliquer les effets négatifs observés avec les aliments renfermant des taux d'incorporation élevés en CPS. En conclusion, nos travaux apportent des informations originales sur la croissance tissulaire et les dépenses énergétiques durant un cycle de mue et la capacité du crabe juvénile d'utiliser le CPS comme principale source de protéines. Sur ces bases nous somme en mesure de préconiser des contraintes nutritionnelles permettant de formuler un aliment équilibré sans farine de poissons pour l'élevage du crabe de palétuvier S.serrata. / In New Caledonia, there is the strong political will to diversify aquaculture which is mainly based on shrimp farming. In this context, mud crabs have been considered as a potential species for aquaculture development. One of the main constraints to develop crab farming is the availability of formulated feed. Thus, the main purpose of this thesis is to get information on the crab nutritional requirements in order to formulate a balanced diet. However, we had to clarify first how many species of mud crab were present in New-Caledonia. The result of our morphological and genetic investigations carried out on 63 specimens from 9 areas of the west and northeast coast of New-Caledonia confirmed that only one species, Scylla serrata, is commercialized in this country. Consequently, S. serrata was used in our nutritional study based on two experiments to: i) evaluate the soy protein concentrate (SPC) compared with the fishmeal as the main protein source and ii) determine the optimum level of SPC in the diet for molting and tissue growth. We observed two tissue growth phases within one molt cycle (MC): a fast tissue growth (FTG) occurred after ecdysis until early intermolt stage (30% of MC) which is followed by a slow tissue growth (STG) period from intermolt to ecdysis (70% of MC). Protein and lipid deposition followed the same trend than tissue growth while ash level increased quickly during five days after molt and then remained stable until the next molt. The two growth phases were correlated with the voluntary feed intakes (VFI) which was maximum during 2 weeks after ecdysis and then decreased by 50% over the five following weeks to reach a baseline until the next molt. Intake energy was allocated mainly for growth during FTG period and for maintenance during STG period. During STG, 28% of the ingested energy was accumulated for the next ecdysis. Replacement of fishmeal by SPC as main protein source did not affect tissue growth, efficiency of feed utilization and energy budget of crabs whatever the tissue growth period considered. The dietary SPC inclusion of 42% in the diet promoted growth (molt frequency and tissue growth), feed efficiency and retention of energy, protein and lipid. Hypothesis related to ammonia toxicity from catabolism of proteins in excess or anti-nutritional factors from soybean could explain the negative effects of higher inclusion of SPC in the diet for juvenile crabs. In conclusion, our work brings novel information on tissue growth, energy budget during a molt cycle and the ability of juvenile crab to use SPC as a main source of protein. On this basis we suggest to formulate nutritionally balanced diet without fishmeal to farm juvenile mud crabs S. serrata.