This study examines into how tourists in Sweden engage in sustainable tourism by analysing the impact of personal norms and environmental knowledge on their purchasing decisions, with an emphasis on eco-friendly options for accommodation. The goal of the study is to ascertain how much sustainable tourism practices are considered by visitors in Sweden when making vacation choices. To do this, a survey was given to visitors (both domestic and international) to Sweden, and statistical analysis was done on the data gathered. The study's conclusions show a strong relationship between individual norms, environmental knowledge, and environmentally conscious purchasing practices among Swedish travelers. This shows that more environmentally conscious travelers are more likely to choose sustainable travel options, especially when it comes to choosing eco-friendly lodging. Policymakers, stakeholders in the tourist sector, and marketers wanting to promote sustainable tourism practices in Sweden can all benefit from the knowledge provided by these insights. The development of tailored measures to promote eco-conscious tourism behaviors among visitors to this Scandinavian destination can be aided by an understanding of the interaction between personal norms and environmental awareness.

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This diploma work focuses on the analysis of the current situation of an agricultural company and the subsequent evaluation of its suitability to be transformed onto an eco-friendly method of production taking into consideration the local conditions, its business structure, its current specialization, the human factor and the economic aspects.

Según un reporte del World Air Quality, en la actualidad, el Perú es el puesto 22 del Ranking de los Países más contaminados a nivel mundial, asimismo, se menciona a Lima, capital de Perú, como la octava ciudad con mayor contaminación en América Latina. Esto, se debe a la poca, o a veces nula, alternativa de reciclaje en el país, ya que solo existen 12 empresas recicladoras que reciclan residuos, pero no resultan ser suficientes para procesar lo arrojado diariamente, aproximadamente 23 mil toneladas. En el último año, la producción del papel tanto para consumo local como exportación creció un 20.21%, lo que significó la deforestación de más de 100 mil hectáreas de árboles. Por otro lado, la minería ilegal ha contribuido a esto talando, en promedio, 173 hectáreas por mes y utilizando químicos fuertes en las tierras, causando un gran daño al país. A partir de esto, surge la idea de Kallistei, un negocio que busca crear una nueva alternativa de reciclaje. Como propuesta de valor, Kallistei ofrece productos eco amigables y empleo a dos segmentos que se encuentran en la informalidad por la falta de ofertas laborales justas y flexibles. El público objetivo se encuentra compuesto por mujeres entre 15 a 55 años de los NSE A, B y C que compren joyería o bisutería con tendencia eco amigable. Los canales por los cuales Kallistei se acercará a su público serán por: redes sociales, página web, delivery y ventas en ferias. / According to a World Air Quality report, Peru is currently ranked 22 in the Ranking of the Most Polluted Countries in the World, and Lima, the capital of Peru, is also mentioned as the eighth most polluted city in Latin America. This is due to the little, or sometimes no, recycling alternative in the country, since there are only 12 recycling companies that recycle waste, but they are not enough to process what is thrown daily, approximately 23 thousand tons. In the last year, paper production for both local consumption and export grew by 20.21%, which meant the deforestation of more than 100,000 hectares of trees. On the other hand, illegal mining has contributed to this by logging, on average, 173 hectares per month and using strong chemicals on the land, causing great damage to the country. From this, the idea of Kallistei arises, a business that seeks to create a new recycling alternative. As a value proposition, Kallistei offers eco-friendly products and employment to two segments that are in the informal sector due to the lack of fair and flexible job offers. The target audience is made up of women between the ages of 15 to 55 from NSE A, B and C who buy jewelry with an eco-friendly trend. The channels through which Kallistei will approach its audience will be through: social networks, website, delivery and sales at fairs. / Trabajo de investigación

Problem: Although modern people are more aware than ever about the environment and responsible sourcing of raw materials, a gap exists between consumers’ preferences on eco-friendly products and their actual purchasing behaviour. Companies operating in the electronic mobile device industry have been unable to bridge this value-action gap and relatively little research has been conducted on this industry.   Topic & Purpose: This paper aims to investigate and discover the preferences and purchasing behaviour of young Swedish consumers operating in the electronic mobile device industry. This paper will focus on purchasing intentions, willingness to pay, and identify which consumption values have the highest effects on these consumers’ intent to purchase eco-friendly mobile devices.   Method: A descriptive strategy and a deductive approach were applied in order to understand the impact of consumption values, CSR, brand image, and product information on young Swedish consumers. Eight hypotheses were developed to test the influence of each of these factors. The empirical study was was based on a quantitative approach and the data collection was made through an online survey and face-to-face interviews targeted towards young Swedish consumers between the ages of 18 and 28. The data analysis was conducted by using the SPSS program in order to gain numerical values which could be used to analyse the validity of each hypothesis.   Conclusion: This study discovered two out of five consumption values to have a clearly higher impact on young Swedish consumers’ purchasing intentions towards eco-friendly mobile devices. These values were emotional and conditional value, indicating that environmental awareness and situational factors have the highest influence on shaping the consumption values of these consumers. In addition, brand image was seen to be an influential factor for these consumers, as opposed to CSR, or product information. Based on these findings, suggestions for further research were presented.

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) provides a great platform for the planners to reduce environmental externalities from auto. We now have access to real time data. We have been using shortest path to provide route choice to the user. But we have the potential to add more variables in choosing routes. Real time data can be used to measure carbon di-oxide emission during a trip. Also, fuel efficiency can be measured using the real time data. Planners should use this potential of ITS to reduce the environmental impact. This paper thus try to evaluate if considering three variables shortest path, environmental impact and fuel efficiency together instead of only shortest path will change the route choice or not. It provides case studies on different types of routes and between different sets of origin /destination to evaluate the combined influence of these three variables on route choice.

Le but de notre projet était d’établir un procédé éco-compatible pour la synthèse de composés possédant une activité antioxydante. Le choix des molécules cibles s’est porté sur des glycosylflavonols. Plutôt que d’effectuer une synthèse totale des composés existant dans la nature, difficilement isolés, et montrant une activité intéressante, nous avons choisi de préparer une nouvelle classe de molécules dont les éléments structuraux nécessaires à l’activité antioxydante sont maintenus mais présentent un lien glycosidique facile à réaliser. Chaque étape de la synthèse a été conçue et réalisée en suivant les principes de la chimie verte. Nous avons donc favorisé les réactions à l’économie d’atomes élevée, évité l’utilisation de groupements protecteurs et utilisé des solvants verts : polyéthylène glycol, eau, éthanol. La stratégie mise en place s’appuie sur une synthèse convergente. D’une part le motif sucre est synthétisé sous forme d’un C-glycoside afin d’augmenter sa stabilité par rapport à des conditions d’hydrolyse chimique ou enzymatique. D’autre part la synthèse de différentes polyhydroxychalcones par une nouvelle méthode ne nécessitant pas de groupements protecteurs a permis d’obtenir différents motifs flavonoïdes. Le lien entre le motif sucre et les motifs flavonoïdes a ensuite été établi en utilisant la réaction de cycloaddition catalysée par le cuivre (I) entre un azoture et un alcyne. Cette réaction a par ailleurs été l’objet d’une étude qui a montré que le polyéthylène glycol est un solvant de choix pour cette réaction puisqu’il permet notamment de réduire la contamination des produits de synthèse par le cuivre.Ainsi deux glycosylflavonols et quatre mélanges glycosylchalcone-glycosylflavanone ont été synthétisés en milieu éco-compatible et sans groupement protecteur. De plus, les réactions et les étapes de purification ont été optimisées afin de réduire la quantité de déchets générés au cours du procédé. Enfin, l’évaluation par les métriques de la chimie verte a été effectuée pour chaque étape de synthèse ainsi que pour la globalité du procédé. / The aim of this project was to develop an eco-friendly process for the synthesis of compounds endowed with antioxidant activity. The target molecules were glycosylflavonols. Instead of performing a total synthesis of natural compounds, difficult to isolate, and showing an interesting activity, we decided to prepare a new class of molecules in which the structural elements necessary for antioxidant activity are maintained but having a glycosidic linkage easy to achieve.Each step of the synthesis was designed and carried out following the principles of green chemistry. We have promoted reactions with a high atom economy, avoided the use of protecting groups and used polyethylene glycol, water, and ethanol as green solvents. The strategy was based on a convergent synthesis. Firstly, sugar moiety was synthesized as a C-glycoside to increase its stability with respect to conditions of chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis. On the other hand, the synthesis of different polyhydroxychalcones by a new method that does not require protecting groups yielded different flavonoid moieties. The link between the sugar moiety and flavonoids moieties was then achieved using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). This reaction has also been the subject of a study that showed that polyethylene glycol is a solvent of choice for this reaction, since it allowed reducing the copper contamination of the products.Two glycosylflavonols and four mixtures of glycosylchalcone-glycosylflavanone were synthesized in eco-friendly solvents without the use of protecting groups. Furthermore, reactions and purification steps were optimized to reduce the amount of waste generated during the process. Finally, the evaluation by green chemistry metrics was performed for each step of the synthesis as well as for the whole process.

Textile processing methods such as conventional exhaustion dyeing, pre-treatments and printing consume high amounts of water and use partly toxic and hazardous chemicals which are non-degradable. These chemicals (e.g. excess amount of dye, additives and catalysts) remain partially in the waste-water which is drained out and ends up polluting the environment. The supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing technology presents an eco-friendly and water-free method with reduced use of chemicals and energy. The benefits of such technology are currently not overcoming the relative high investment costs which impede its full implementation into the textile industry. This study presents an approach to extent the application of the eco-friendly supercritical carbon dioxide technology. It combines the well-studied supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing process for polyester with the functionalisation process to obtain water repellent surface properties. As water repellent (substance) environmentally benign silicones are used. Results showed that the simultaneous dyeing and functionalisation process was feasible assessed by the compatibility of the dye and silicone in the system. Silicone and dye did not interfere in each other’s functionality (colour strength and water contact angle). Further the process temperature and silicone molecular weight showed no influence on the colour strength of the fabric whereas the water contact angle (water repellence) increased with increasing temperature. The resulting polyester fabric showed acceptable colour strength yet did not obtain sufficient water repellent properties despite the increase in water contact angle of the treated samples to the untreated reference sample. The poor water repellence is suggested to be caused by the hydrophobic functional groups of the silicones oriented towards each other rather than toward the outer fabric surface. Overall the thesis is promoting research which combines eco-friendly technologies including environmental benign chemicals for the textile industry. Silicones are widely used in textile processing not only as water repellents, but also as anti-foaming agents, lubricants and softeners. Therefore a water-free and eco-friendly application method can benefit a wide range of finishing processes.

In the process of crushing concrete waste, significant amounts of fine by-products, the so called fine recycled concrete aggregates (FRCA), are generated and excluded from potential use. Limited research has thoroughly investigated the performance of concrete mixes with FRCA, very likely due to the complexity in analysing non-negligible amounts of adhered residual cement paste (RCP). Although some studies have proposed promising sustainable mix-design procedures accounting for the different microstructure when using coarse recycled concrete aggregates (CRCA), no similar approach exists for FRCA concrete. In this work, two promising procedures for mix-designing eco-efficient concrete with 100% FRCA are proposed accounting for the presence of RCP to reduce cement content in new mixtures. First, built on top of the existing procedure for CRCA mix-design, modifications to the Equivalent Volume (EV) method were introduced toconsider full replacement of fine natural sand by FRCA. Second, based on the concept of continuous Particle Packing Models (PPM), an optimized procedure was proposed to allow maximum packing density of FRCA mix linked to a given level of measured RCP content. Results verified the feasibility of producing eco-efficient concrete mixes with 100% FRCA, emphasizing the PPM mixes to report superior rheological and mechanical performance along with suitable durability-related properties. Yet, results also indicated the influence of simple or multistage crushed FRCA on the overall performance of mixes.

European cities are becoming increasingly multicultural and diverse in terms of lifestyles and socioeconomic conditions. However, in planning for sustainable urban development, implications of this increased diversity and possibly conflicting perspectives are seldom considered. The aim of this thesis is to explore dimensions of justice and politics in sustainable urban development by studying inclusionary/exclusionary effects of discursive power of official strategies for eco-friendly living on the one hand and everyday lifestyles on the other, in ethnically and socially diverse areas. Two case studies have been conducted, one in a city district of Stockholm, Sweden, and one in an area of Sheffield, England. The empirical material consists of interviews with residents, interviews with planners and officials and an analysis of strategic planning documents. The case study in Stockholm illustrated the prevalence of a dominant discourse among residents in which Swedishness is connected with environmental responsibility in the form of tidiness, recycling and familiarity with nature. In Sheffield there are more competing and parallel environmental discourses. The mainstream British environmental discourse and sustainability strategies are being criticised from Muslim as well as green radical perspectives. The mainstream discourse is criticised for being tokenistic in its focus on gardening, tidiness, recycling and eco-consumption, and hence ignoring deeper unsustainable societal structures. This can be interpreted as a postpolitical condition, in which there is a consensus around “what needs to be done,” such as more recycling, but in which difficult societal problems and conflicting perspectives on these are not highlighted. In the thesis it is argued that the strategies for urban sustainability are underpinned by Swedish/British middle-class norms, entailing processes of (self-)disciplining and normalisation of the Other into well-behaving citizens. It is argued that an appreciation of the multiple and others’ ways of saving natural resources would make the sustainability strategies more attuned to social and cultural diversity as well as more environmentally progressive. Finally, the importance of asserting the political in sustainability strategies is stressed, highlighting the organisation of society and possible alternative socioenvironmental futures. / QC 20100421