Global warming issues are a widespread problem around the world and the emissions of greenhouse gases is one of the main contributors. The transport sector emits a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions; thus, this contributes to global warming. To tackle this challenge the Swedish state introduced in July 2018 a system called bonus-malus system which aims to increase the proportion of eco-friendly cars and in the long run reducing greenhouse gases emissions from the transport sector. This paper examines the tax system within the Bonus-Malus system. Primarily investigating if Malus, tax system, impacted the demand for electric vehicles since it introduced. The study conducted based on a short panel data from Sweden´s 21 counties for the period 2016-2020 and the analysis method applied is a regression analysis. The results of this thesis confirm a strong positive relationship between the share of newly registered battery electric vehicles (BEV) and the Malus, but much weaker influence of the other studied variables. Suggesting that tax system induce on emission seem to be efficient at boost the demand for BEV

BioDent se crea a partir de la falta de productos eco amigables en la industria de cuidado bucal, ofreciendo una alternativa natural y orgánica que garantiza la efectividad de una pasta dental convencional ya que posee flúor y carboncillo, componentes que cuidan el esmalte y estructura de los dientes además de prevenir caries. Al ser una empresa que vela por la sostenibilidad medioambiental, Biodent utiliza envases y materiales biodegradables en sus productos como vidrio y bambú. Así mismo, se crea la iniciativa de inculcar a los futuros clientes el amor por la naturaleza y el ambiente que los rodea a través de la incorporación de una semilla de menta de crecimiento rápido en el cepillo de bambú que podrá ser plantada cuando se desee. Es necesario que la sociedad peruana tome conciencia sobre la gran cantidad de plástico que consume día a día en la mayoría de los productos que utiliza, incluyendo los de belleza y cuidado personal ya que a partir de ello se podrá lograr un verdadero cambio en donde la sostenibilidad ambiental este por encima de todo. / BioDent was created due to the lack of eco-friendly products in the oral care industry, offering a natural and organic alternative that guarantees the effectiveness of a conventional toothpaste, since it has fluoride and charcoal, components that take care of the enamel and structure of the teeth, in addition to preventing cavities. As a company that cares for environmental sustainability, Biodent uses biodegradable packaging and materials in its products, such as glass and bamboo. Likewise, the initiative is created to instill in future customers the love for nature and the environment that surrounds them through the incorporation of a fast-growing mint seed in the bamboo toothbrush that can be planted whenever desired. It is necessary that Peruvian society becomes aware of the large amount of plastic consumed every day in most of the products they use, including beauty and personal care products, since this will help to achieve a real change where environmental sustainability is above all. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente proyecto introduce la idea de negocio denominada “Veggie Factory”, somos una empresa que ofrece al consumidor una novedosa alternativa nutritiva, especialmente para aquellas personas que tienen interés por mantener un régimen de alimentación saludable. Nuestros productos están elaborados con ingredientes naturales de un alto valor nutricional que ayudan a fortalecer el sistema inmunológico. Además, esta iniciativa trae consigo una propuesta eco amigable, con fines de concientizar al consumidor colaborando con el cuidado del medio ambiente. Para identificar a nuestro público objetivo se indagó a profundidad sobre los hábitos de consumo alimenticio de los últimos 5 años de los habitantes de lima metropolitana. Del mismo modo, se han evaluado los cambios dentro de la industria de consumo en torno a las estimaciones, proyecciones y restricciones producto de la crisis sanitaria mundial. Asimismo, el shopper actual está más inclinado a buscar opciones más saludables que complementan su rutina alimenticia, sin dejar de lado el sabor y principios orientados en mantener balanceadas sus calorías. Adicionalmente, se tomó en cuenta que el modelo de negocio de los restaurantes ha mutado a uno esencialmente por delivery, en donde los consumidores exigen el cumplimiento del protocolo sanitario. Por todo lo mencionado, se ha diseñado una carta de diversos productos que los consumidores podrán disfrutar desde la comodidad de su hogar sin exponerse a un establecimiento. Veggie Factory está dirigido a hombres y mujeres con un rango de edad de 18 a 35 años, pertenecientes a un nivel socioeconómico A y B ubicados en la zona 6 y 7 de Lima Metropolitana. Cabe resaltar que, estos consumidores tienden a preocuparse por su salud y mejorar sus hábitos alimenticios además de que se preocupan por el cuidado ambiental. Por último, se planteó desarrollar distintas estrategias para alcanzar los objetivos de nuestro proyecto, Veggie Factory está trabajando para lograr un crecimiento sostenido apoyado por el incremento del consumo dentro del mercado y las tendencias actuales, así como ganarse las preferencias de sus clientes. / This project introduces a business idea called “Veggie Factory,” a company that offers consumers an innovative nutritious alternative, especially for people interested in maintaining a healthy diet. Our products are prepared with natural ingredients of high nutritional value that help strengthen the immune system. Furthermore, this initiative involves an eco-friendly proposal with the purpose of raising awareness among consumers by taking care of the environment. In order to identify the target population, the eating habits of the inhabitants of the Lima metropolitan area in the last 5 years were explored in depth. Similarly, changes within the consumer industry were assessed in relation to the estimations, projections, and constraints that resulted from the global health crisis. In addition, current shoppers are most likely to seek healthier options that complement their eating habits without leaving aside taste and calorie balance principles. What is more, the fact that the restaurant business model has been transformed into a service essentially based on delivery, in which consumers demand compliance with health protocols, was taken into account. Given all the above, a varied menu has been designed for consumers to enjoy the products in the comfort of their own home, without exposing themselves in a commercial premise or while picking up their orders. Veggie Factory is aimed at men and women aged 18 to 35 years, who belong to the A and B socioeconomic groups. They live in zones 6 and 7 of the Lima metropolitan area. It should be noted that these consumers tend to be concerned with taking care of their health, improving their eating habits, and protecting the environment. Finally, the development of different strategies was taken into consideration in order to reach the goals of this project. Veggie Factory is working towards achieving sustained growth, supported by consumption within the market and current trends, as well as earning customer preference. / Trabajo de investigación

L'utilisation des microcapsules fabriquées à partir de matériaux respectueux de l'environnement pour des applications textiles médicales a été étudiée et développée fortement au cours des dernières années. Le but de cette thèse est d'élaborer les textiles anti-inflammatoires à base de microcapsules respectueuses de l'environnement, utilisant trois types de matériaux textiles (coton, peco 65/35 et polyester) et cinq niveaux de longueur de boucle (2.81, 2.83, 2.87, 2,96 et 3,05 mm) sur étoffes tricotées à verrouillage de coton (nombre de fils Ne40). Les influences de la concentration en saponine, de la vitesse d'agitation au cours de l'étape d'émulsification et du volume d'éthyle acétate ajouté à la phase aqueuse sur les caractéristiques des microcapsules ont été étudiées. L'étude a également étudié les effets du rapport massique du coton et de la longueur de boucle des étoffes tricotées sur la distribution des microcapsules, la capacité de chargement des microcapsules et la capacité de libération de l'ibuprofène des étoffes tricotées traités par microcapsules. Les microcapsules d'Eudragit RSPO contenant de l'ibuprofène ont été élaborées par la technique d'évaporation de solvant, en utilisant le tensioactif bio-sourcé quillaja saponine et le solvant non halogéné d'éthyle acétate. Les microcapsules obtenues présentaient les formes sphériques avec un diamètre d (0,5) de 21,5 μm, approprié pour les applications textiles. Il a été trouvé que, pour empêcher la déformation des microcapsules pendant la traitement du textile, la séchage doit être effectuée sous vide à 45 ° C. Lorsque le rapport de teneur en fibres de coton dans le tissu augmentait, la distribution des microcapsules était moins régulière, ce qui entraînait un taux de libération plus faible de l'ibuprofène à partir des étoffes tricotées traités aux microcapsules. En outre, lorsque la longueur de la boucle augmente, la capacité de chargement des microcapsules des étoffes tricotées traités augmente, la distribution des microcapsules sur le tissu devient moins régulière et la vitesse de libération de l'ibuprofène des tissus traités aux microcapsules diminue. De plus, l'augmentation de l'extension du étoffes tricotées a favorisé la libération d'ibuprofène à partir des étoffes tricotées traités par les microcapsules à travers la peau de porc / The use of the microcapsules made from eco-friendly materials for medical textile applications has been researched and developed strongly in recent years. The aim of this thesis is to elaborate the anti-inflammatory textiles basing on eco-friendly microcapsules,using three kinds of textile materials (cotton, peco 65/35 and polyester)and five levels of the loop length (2.81, 2.83, 2.87, 2.96 and 3.05 mm) on the cotton interlock knitted fabrics (yarn count Ne40). The influences of the saponin concentration, the stirring rate during the emulsification step and the volume of ethyl acetate added to the aqueous phase on the characteristics of the microcapsules were studied. The influence of condition in drying on microcapsule’s morphology was also investigated.The thesis also researched the effects of cotton mass ratio and loop length of fabric on the microcapsule distribution, the microcapsule loading capability and the release capability of ibuprofen from the microcapsule treated fabrics. The Eudragit RSPO microcapsules containing ibuprofen were successfully elaborated by solvent evaporation technique, using the bio-sourced surfactant quillajasaponin and the non-halogenated solvent ethyl acetate. The obtained microcapsules exhibited the spherical shapes with d(0.5) diameter of 21.5 m, suitable for the textile applications. It was found that in order to keep the microcapsules from deformation during the textile finishing, the drying stage should be carried out in vacuum at 45oC. When the content ratio of cotton fibers in the fabric increased,the microcapsule distribution was less even, resulting in the lower release rate of ibuprofen from the microcapsule-treated fabrics. Besides, when the loop length increased, the microcapsule loading capability of the treated fabrics increased, the microcapsule distribution on the fabric became less even and the release rate of ibuprofen from the microcapsule-treated fabrics decreased. Furthermore, increasing the fabric extension favored the release of ibuprofen from the microcapsule-treated fabrics through the pigskin

El proyecto a desarrollar es un centro psiquiátrico de categoría I-4 (MINSA), que cumple con un diseño ecológicamente sostenible de la calidad del ambiente interior y la energía en Ayacucho. Lo que motiva esta investigación es la respuesta a la carencia de infraestructura para la atención de un alto número de pacientes que hoy no tienen donde cubrir sus necesidades de salud mental. En Ayacucho la brecha en el acceso a los servicios de salud mental es de 92,5% de la población, por lo que hemos tomado esta región para fines de nuestro estudio. Hasta el cierre del mismo observamos que en Ayacucho la atención psiquiátrica se brinda en solo dos unidades (centros comunitarios) que claramente no cubren la demanda ni cuentan con la infraestructura correspondiente. Desde el primer manicomio occidental (1409) hasta finales del siglo XIX hubo una lenta evolución de la infraestructura para atención psiquiátrica. No es hasta la primera mitad del siglo XX, con el avance en el conocimiento de la psiquiatría, que el tratamiento y cuidado de enfermedades mentales toma importancia por lo que actualmente los cuidados de salud mental dependen principalmente de factores como la aceptación social y el derecho de los enfermos mentales a ser miembros de la comunidad. El centro estará diseñado tomando en cuenta referencias y parámetros de la misma tipología que dan resultado en distintas partes del mundo, pero adaptados a la normativa peruana, el entorno en el cual se va a emplazar y las necesidades de los pacientes. / The Project in developement is a Cathegory I-4 (MINSA) Psychiatric Centre that abides a high ecologically sustainable design of the interior ambience and energy in Ayacucho. The motivation for the research comes as an answer to the lack of infrastructure for an increasing amount of patients who can´t cover their mental health needs. The access to mental health services gap in Ayacucho is of 92,5% of the population which is why we have chosen this región for our study. Until the closing of our research we observed that Ayacucho counts with only two psychiatric attention units which neither can satisfy the demand nor have an adequate infrastructure. From the first occidental asylum in 1409 up until the 19th century the evolution of psychiatric care infrastructure has been slow. Thanks to the advance in psychiatric knowledge of the 20th century both treatment and patient care have become more important, which is why nowadays the mental health attention is primarily directed by guidances as social acceptance and the right of the patient to be a member of the community. This centre will be designed taking into account references and parameters of the same typology which have proved to be succesful all over the world but adapting them to peruvian standards, surroundings and patients needs. / Tesis

Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries VRFBs are promising energy storage systems with highly recyclable electrolytes. The recycling of these systems usually involves ammonium-based salt precipitation steps, which produce toxicgases and contaminated water as waste. In this study, a novel method has been developed to recycle vanadiumdirectly from VRFB electrolyte solutions. The purity and characteristics of the final product have been analyzedusing X-ray Diffraction and Cyclic Voltammetry analysis. The method developed in this study has a precipitationrecovery of 98%. However, further investigation is needed to improve product purity and method optimization. / Sammanfattning på svenska: Vanadium Redox Flödes Batterier VRFB är lovande energilagringssystem medmycket återvinningsbara elektrolyter. Återvinningen av dessa system innefattar vanligtvis ammoniumbaseradesaltutfällningssteg som producerar giftiga gaser och förorenat vatten som avfall. I denna studie har en ny metodutvecklats för återvinning av vanadium direkt från VRFB elektrolytlösningar. Renheten och egenskaperna hosslutprodukten har analyserats med X-ray diffraktion och cyclic voltammetry analys. Metoden som utvecklats idenna studie har återvinnings kapacitet på 98 %. Ytterligare utredning behövs inom förbättring av produktensrenhet samt metods optimering.

Bakgrund och problem: Utvecklingen inom bilindustrin går mot att allt fler miljöbilar ser dagens ljus. Företag verksamma på en marknad där konkurrensen är hög, som bilindustrin, tvingas till ett innovativt beteende för att inte prestera sämre än sina konkurrenter. Att introducera innovationer på en marknad är förknippat med stor risk och potentiellt höga kostnader, särskilt om innovationen misslyckas. Utifrån detta har följande frågeställning utvecklats:  - Finns det ett samband mellan annonsering av miljöbilar och aktieavkastning?  För begränsa och konkretisera frågeställningen har följande underfråga formulerats:  - Har annonseringar av miljöbilar en direkt (kortsiktig) påverkan på företags abnormala aktieavkastning?  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att analysera om det existerar ett samband mellan annonsering av innovationer i bilindustrin och aktieavkastning.  Metod: Studien har en deduktiv ansats där hypoteser tagits fram utifrån tidigare forskning och teorier. Studien utgår från en eventstudiemetodik där ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt tillämpats för insamlingen av data. Urvalet består av 20 börsnoterade bilföretag som har annonserat en eller fler miljöbilsmodeller under perioden 1 januari 2017 - 31 december 2021.  Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat kunde inte påvisa någon signifikant abnormal avkastning i samband med annonsering av en ny miljöbil. Detta styrker den effektiva marknadshypotesens validitet. Resultatet tyder på att annonseringen i sig inte är tillräcklig för att marknaden ska reagera. Investerares värdering tenderar att ändras över tid, vilket ger upphov till vidare forskning om miljöbilars påverkan på företags kassaflöde på lång sikt. / Background and issue: The trend in the automotive industry today is clear, eco-friendly cars are about to replace cars powered by fossil fuels. Companies operating in the very competitive automotive industry are forced to innovate in order to outperform their competitors. At the same time, there is a great risk when introducing innovations, as these can constitute a large cost for companies, especially if the innovation fails. Based on this, the following question has been raised:  - Is there a relationship between announcements of eco-friendly cars and stock return?  To limit and concretize the question, the following sub-question has been formulated:  - Do announcements of eco-friendly cars have a direct (short-term) impact on company's abnormal stock returns?  Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze if there is a relationship between the announcements of innovations in the automotive industry and stock return.  Methodology: This study has a deductive approach where hypotheses, based on previous research and theories, have been developed. The study is based on an event study methodology where a quantitative approach has been applied to accumulate data. The sample consists of 20 car companies listed on the stock exchange, and that announced one or more eco-friendly car models during the period January 1, 2017 - December 31, 2021.  Results and conclusion: The results could not establish any significance from the measured abnormal returns in conjunction with the announcement of new eco-friendly cars. This confirms the validity of the efficient market hypothesis. Furthermore, the results can be interpreted as requiring more than just the announcement for a reaction to be visible. Investors valuation tend to change over time, which provides evidence for further research on the effect that eco-friendly cars have on company's cash flow in the long term.

The purpose of this study is to explore gain and loss framed messages in shaping consumer’s perceptions of eco-friendly activities. In promoting eco-friendly behaviours, the efficacy of gain and loss-framed messages remains a topic of keen interest. Using qualitative methods, this study explores the nuances of how such messages influence consumer perceptions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, offering a flexible yet structured approach to data collection. Thematic analysis was used to unravel recurring patterns and insights, revealing the motivational impact and emotional resonance of these messages. The findings underscore the significance of well-crafted gain and loss-framed messages in motivating eco-friendly behaviours. By striking a balance between positive and negative emotional appeals and offering actionable solutions, effective communication strategies can engage individuals and drive meaningful change. Nonetheless, continual evaluation and refinement of these strategies are imperative to address evolving societal attitudes and environmental challenges.

As organic fresh produce consumption has stagnated in Sweden in recent years, this study sheds light on this issue by examining factors influencing the institutional image of organic fresh produce and the confusion surrounding different kinds of eco-friendly fresh produce (eco-confusion). The influence of false facts belonging to the hedonic and utilitarian dimensions on eco-confusion and the institutional image was examined, followed by the influence of eco-confusion on the institutional image. Using the image attribution model andcentral core theory as a baseline, an expanded conceptual model was created based on anexisting qualitative study to fulfil the purpose of the research. For data collection, an online self-administered survey was distributed to consumers permanently residing in Sweden, gathering 201 valid responses. This study’s findings reveal that there is a significant influence of some of the false fact subdimensions on eco-confusion and that all four false fact subdimensions (symbolic, social, rational, sensorial) and eco-confusion significantly influencethe institutional image of organic fresh produce. The findings provide value for researchers,businesses, and society alike while also highlighting ethical considerations. Researchers can use the conceptual model developed based on the findings to further investigate eco-confusion and the image problem of organic fresh produce, organic fresh produce retailers can learn from this study and target Swedish consumers more effectively, and governments can use this paper as a reference to better educate consumers regarding eco-friendly food.

Women's most common menstrual product is sanitary pads. Most disposable sanitary pads are constructed of up to 90% non-biodegradable plastics and bleached wood pulp. Throughout the sanitary pad's life cycle, there is a risk of exposure to toxic emissions harmful to humans and ecosystems. In contrast, disposable sanitary pads' health and environmental consequences have received little attention due to cultural stigma associated with menstruation and a lack of information regarding the chemical components used in sanitary pads. A case study has been performed at the Hempur company in Stockholm, Sweden, to evaluate potential environmental impacts of a sanitary disposal pad made almost entirely of unbleached bamboo pulp and polylactic plastic (PLA). The study's objectives were accomplished using a comparative life cycle assessment methodology to identify potential trade-offs between Hempur disposable sanitary pads and a conventional disposable sanitary pad consisting of non-biodegradable polymers and bleached wood pulp. Thus, understanding the study's results allows the implementation of recommendations to improve the environmental performance of Hempur sanitary pads. The study results indicate that Hempur plant-based sanitary pads, even though shipped to Sweden from China, have lower adverse environmental impacts —on average 40% less than conventional sanitary pads created using traditional materials and manufacturing sites in European countries. More than 80% of the overall impacts of the conventional sanitary pad were attributed to bleached wood pulp and low-density polyethylene. The upstream operations of Hempur sanitary pads were identified as the least environmentally friendly phase of the product due to the use of unbleached wood pulp and polylactic plastic, which together account for between 40% and 80% of all impact categories, most notably water scarcity and abiotic element depletion. Other factors and assumptions identified during the sensitivity analysis suggested the potential for reducing the environmental footprint of Hempur sanitary pads. By transitioning from coal to hydropower to generate electricity for bamboo pulp manufacturing, Hempur's upstream operations will dramatically improve their environmental performance, resulting in a reduction in global warming and acidification. Finally, this study suggests that other alternatives for PLA and use bamboo in the core part of Hempur sanitary pad should be considered and assessed. In this study, however, parts of the life cycle inventory process were omitted due to a lack of data on the materials and process method, which may affect the precision of the results.