O Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico do Litoral Norte de São Paulo é um dos principais instrumentos para orientação do planejamento ambiental territorial urbano, embora apresente divergências na concepção das diferentes Zonas que definem a aptidão de cada unidade territorial. Neste trabalho mostramos que as Zonas Z2T, Z4OD e Z4T, no município de São Sebastião, foram delimitadas em divergência com as reais características que compõem a paisagem. Nossos resultados indicam que as variáveis Uso e Ocupação da Terra, Cobertura Vegetal e Geomorfologia (Risco de Inundação) apresentam inadequações com as características e objetivos descritos para as Zonas estudadas, provocando inadequações no uso e ocupação da terra / The ecological economic zoning of the North coast of São Paulo is one of the main instruments for orientation of urban land environmental planning, although present differences in the design of different zones which define the capability of each territorial unit. In this work we show that the zones Z2T, Z4OD and Z4T, in the city of São Sebastião, were placed in divergence with the actual features that make up the landscape. Our results indicate that the use and occupation of Land, Vegetation and Geomorphology (Flood risk) feature incongruities with the characteristics and objectives described for the studied Areas, leading to conflicts on the use and occupation of land

We can find ecological taxation in every EU-15 countries and their importance grow continually. Czech "green" reform appear from the German draft. There was boot ecological taxation before ten years. It's enaugh time to estimation of their affects. The aim of this work is estimate the incidence of ecological taxation on tax subjects and tax system. This work show the state of German economy and tax system before and after the tax reform from year 1999 - 2003. There are presented winner and loser in conjunction with tax reform too. The forecast of future development is included in the last part of this work.

The environmental protection is often in conflict with catching up the highest economic level of the country. In some developed countries the higher economic level means also the higher pollution of the environment. Indeed, this is applied only till one point -- the turning point -- from which the trend is applied vice-versa, the higher the economic prosperity of the country, the lower the pollution of the environment. This phenomenon is in environmental economics called the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of the EKC, from detailed description of the theoretic and econometric framework, factors influencing the EKC, to crucial studies which were published in this area of economics. In connection with the factors influencing EKC the thesis underline the important role of the environmental regulation and state or international ecologic policy, which the work is dealing in initiate part with. The aim of the work is to analyze if the EKC hypothesis is valid in reality or not. Furthermore the diploma thesis targets also the situation of the developing countries -- if they have to go through the same path as nowadays developed countries or if they on the contrary use their experiences.

Background: Stunting prevalence in children less than 5 years has remained stagnated in Peru from 1992 to 2007, with a rapid reduction thereafter. We aimed to assess the role of different predictors on stunting reduction over time and across departments, from 2000 to 2012. Methods: We used various secondary data sources to describe time trends of stunting and of possible predictors that included distal to proximal determinants. We determined a ranking of departments by annual change of stunting and of different predictors. To account for variation over time and across departments, we used an ecological hierarchical approach based on a multilevel mixed-effects regression model, considering stunting as the outcome. Our unit of analysis was one department-year. Results: Stunting followed a decreasing trend in all departments, with differing slopes. The reduction pace was higher from 2007–2008 onwards. The departments with the highest annual stunting reduction were Cusco (−2.31%), Amazonas (−1.57%), Puno (−1.54%), Huanuco (−1.52%), and Ancash (−1.44). Those with the lowest reduction were Ica (−0.67%), Ucayali (−0.64%), Tumbes (−0.45%), Lima (−0.37%), and Tacna (−0.31%). Amazon and Andean departments, with the highest baseline poverty rates and concentrating the highest rural populations, showed the highest stunting reduction. In the multilevel analysis, when accounting for confounding, social determinants seemed to be the most important factors influencing annual stunting reduction, with significant variation between departments. Conclusions: Stunting reduction may be explained by the adoption of anti-poverty policies and sustained implementation of equitable crosscutting interventions, with focus on poorest areas. Inclusion of quality indicators for reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health interventions may enable further analyses to show the influence of these factors. After a long stagnation period, Peru reduced dramatically its national and departmental stunting prevalence, thanks to a combination of social determinants and crosscutting factors. This experience offers useful lessons to other countries trying to improve their children’s nutrition. / Revisión por pares

The thesis is focused on finding proper methods of business plan realisation, in order to launch an ecologic car wrecks disposal and recyclation company. Suggestions on how to conduct this project have been made according to IPMA competence baseline and analytic work has been done using MS Project tool. This thesis consists of theoretical information, analytical and practical part, focused on business plan description, and choice of a proper realisation methods.

El presente proyecto es una propuesta innovadora de solución para reducir la contaminación ambiental ocasionada por el desecho de las bolsas plásticas de uno solo uso. Con la finalidad, de validar la viabilidad del proyecto se realizó una investigación en fuentes secundarias y primarias donde se identificó en el Perú se consume 3000 millones de bolsas plásticas al año que producen 1 tonelada de CO2 ocasionado problemas de salud y contaminación ambiental. En este sentido, el proyecto propone la creación, fabricación y comercialización de bolsas reutilizables de uso multifuncional, que estarán a la venta en los supermercados y en el canal online. Por consiguiente, los productos están orientados a satisfacer las necesidades del segmento de usuarias que son mujeres 25 a 55 años de edad del NSE A, B y C1 que representan el tamaño de mercado total de 810,973 personas en Lima Metropolitana. Cabe indicar, que el proyecto promete un ingreso anual de S/. 1,028,611 soles en el primer año de operaciones con un crecimiento anual en ventas de 4% a 4.5% para los años siguientes. Por lo tanto, el proyecto es viable y rentable porque el valor actual neto del flujo de caja financiero es S/. 232,043 soles, que es la rentabilidad en unidades monetarias que el proyecto genera para los accionistas y rinde una tasa interna de retorno de 52% mayor al costo de oportunidad del capital. / This project proposes an innovative solution to reduce the environmental pollution caused by single-use plastic bag waste. In order to validate the viability of this project, a study using secondary and primary sources was completed which demonstrated that each year Peru uses 3000 million plastic bags which produces 1 ton of CO2 causing health problems and environmental pollution. Following this, our project proposes the creation, manufacturing and commercialization of reusable and multiuse bags, which will be for sale in supermarkets and online. Our products will be orientated towards satisfying the needs of a segment of users; which are women between 25 to 55 years old in socio-economic levels A, B and C1, which represents a total market size of 810,973 people in Metropolitan Lima. It should be noted that the project promises an annual income of S /. 1,028,611 soles in the first year of operations with annual sales growth of 4% to 4.5% for the following years. Therefore, the project is viable and profitable because the net present value of the financial cash flow is S /. 232,043 soles, which is the return on monetary units that the project generates for shareholders and yields an internal rate of return of 52% higher than the opportunity cost of capital. / Trabajo de investigación

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-05-12T19:04:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Oliveira, Raquel - Currículo ecológico de língua e literatura.pdf: 3808117 bytes, checksum: a6fd19af3dab991c0fca1f5f1a2faa6d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-05-12T21:24:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Oliveira, Raquel - Currículo ecológico de língua e literatura.pdf: 3808117 bytes, checksum: a6fd19af3dab991c0fca1f5f1a2faa6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T21:24:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Oliveira, Raquel - Currículo ecológico de língua e literatura.pdf: 3808117 bytes, checksum: a6fd19af3dab991c0fca1f5f1a2faa6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-16 / Sem bolsa / Este estudo objetiva verificar a construção de sentido que emerge a partir das interações frente à proposta de produção de texto mediada por recursos semióticos com o uso das tecnologias digitais móveis. A investigação se deu em uma disciplina de Língua e Literatura III, com 02 hora/aula semanais, nos cursos Técnicos em Informática e Mecatrônica integrados ao Ensino Médio de um Instituto Federal de Educação. Para alcançar o objetivo principal foi desenvolvido um currículo com o intuito de integrar de ações colaborativas por meio de tecnologias digitais móveis com recursos semióticos e para averiguar como os estudantes demostravam a compreensão da escrita literária clássica por meio de recurso semiótico, bem como, relacionar a expressão semiótica apresentada com a leitura que fizeram da obra clássica lida. A fundamentação teórica para a construção desta pesquisa e do currículo proposto foi pautada na revisão teórica sobre as práticas de M-Learning (TRAXLER, 2009; SACCOL, 2010), sobre a colaboração como característica inerente ao ser humano (TOMASELLO, 2003, 2010; PINKER, 2007), no arcabouço ecológico (VAN LIER 2000, 2002, 2004a, 2004b, 2007, 2014; BAKTHIN, 1981) para a construção do currículo intitulado CELL (Currículo Ecológico de Língua e Literatura) pautado no desenvolvimento de consciência, autonomia e autenticidade. A metodologia de pesquisa consistiu na aplicação da proposta do currículo e coleta dos dados obtidos em grupos fechados do Facebook onde os participantes deveriam interagir semanalmente sobre as obras. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente de acordo com as características do Currículo e da linguagem sobre uma perspectiva ecológica. Os resultados obtidos indicam que é possível integrar as práticas de aprendizagem colaborativa com o uso de tecnologias móveis por meio do currículo desenvolvido. Também identificamos a construção de significado sobre as leituras realizadas nos recursos semióticos trazidos nas postagens dos estudantes. Ainda analisamos em suas interações que a significação dos clássicos lidos se deu pela associação do que leram com as suas vivências e experiências. A facilidade de acesso aos dispositivos móveis e a necessidade de investir nas práticas de letramentos midiáticos representaram fatores importante para a implementação do currículo proposto. Identificamos, porém, que o CELL precisa ser qualificado por meio de investigações que experienciem novas práticas em outros contextos e, apesar de as práticas de avaliação serem evidenciadas nos dados, pensamos que novas propostas possam apresenta-las claramente em uma das etapas. / This study aims to verify the construction of meaning that emerges from the interactions with the proposal of text production mediated by semiotic resources with the use of mobile digital technologies. The investigation took place in Language and Literature III subject, with 02 hour/class per week, in Computer Science and Mechatronics certificate programs integrated to High School in a Federal Institute of Education. To achieve the main objective, a curriculum was developed in order to integrate collaborative actions using mobile digital technologies with semiotic resources as well as to investigate how students demonstrated classical literary writing comprehension through a semiotic resource, and also to relate the semiotic expression presented with the reading that they made of the classic work already read. The theoretical framework of this research and the proposed curriculum is based on theoretical review of M-Learning practices (TRAXLER, 2009; SACCOL, 2010), on collaboration as an inherent characteristic to the human being (TOMASELLO, 1999, 2010; PINKER,2007), in the ecological perspective (VAN LIER 2000, 2002a, 2004b, 2007, 2014; BAKTHIN, 1981; PEIRCE, 1977) for the construction of the curriculum entitled ECLL (Ecological Curriculum of Language and Literature) focused on autonomy, authenticity and awareness. The research methodology consisted in applying the curriculum proposal and collecting data obtained in private groups on Facebook where the participants should interact weekly on the works of art. Data were qualitatively analyzed according to curriculum characteristics and language on an ecological perspective. The results indicate that it is possible to integrate the collaborative learning practices with the use of mobile technologies through the developed curriculum. We also identify meaning construction of the performed readings on the semiotic resources brought in the students' posts. Besides, in their interactions we analyzed that the meaning of the classic readings was based on the association of what they read with their background and experiences. Ease of access to mobile devices and the need to invest in media literacy practices were important factors for implementation of the proposed curriculum. However, we identify that the ECLL needs to be qualified through investigations that experience new practices in other contexts and, although the evaluation practices are evidenced in data, we think that new proposals might clearly present them in one of the stages.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-04-18T14:10:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José de Jesus Dias.pdf: 4056526 bytes, checksum: 6dcac9eac4643fe488fb8d737b838031 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T14:10:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José de Jesus Dias.pdf: 4056526 bytes, checksum: 6dcac9eac4643fe488fb8d737b838031 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-27 / In Brazil, the severe dengue cases have increased since2001. However, in children under 15 years, this trend began in 2007, mainly in the northeast of country. In Maranhão the first records of severe dengue date back to 2002. The objective of this research was to analysis prevalence of severe dengue for age group and its possible associated factors. It is treated of ecologic study of dengue cases confirmed the National Mandatory Reporting System (SINAN) from 2002 to 2011 in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The diagnosis and dengue classification were based on the criteria of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue with complications. It was considered as severe dengue: dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue with complications and as not severe dengue: dengue fever. We conducted logistic regression analysis, with the severe dengue outcome. During the period studied, 1,229 cases of severe dengue were confirmed; 812 of these were children under fifteen years (66%). Among the risk factors evaluated, being less than 15 years was associated with severe dengue (OR = 3.10, CI = 2.69-3.57; p-value = 0.001) as well as identifying as white (OR = 1.35, CI = 1.14-1.60; p-value = 0.001). The prevalence of severe dengue in children under fifteen years was high and only the group below the age of fifteen and white were associated with the occurrence of severe dengue. / No Brasil, os casos graves de dengue aumentaram a partir de 2001. No entanto, em menores de 15 anos, essa tendência teve início em 2007, principalmente no nordeste do país. No Maranhão os primeiros registros de casos graves de dengue remontam a 2002. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar a prevalência de casos de dengue grave por faixa etária e os possíveis fatores associados. Trata-se de estudo ecológico de casos de dengue em residentes de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, confirmados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) de 2002 a 2011. O diagnóstico e a classificação de dengue foram baseados nos critérios do Ministério da Saúde, dengue clássica, febre hemorrágica da dengue e dengue com complicações. Considerou-se como dengue grave: febre hemorrágica da dengue e dengue com complicações e como dengue não grave: dengue clássica. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística, tendo como desfecho dengue grave. No período estudado confirmaram-se 1.229 casos de dengue grave; destes, 812 eram menores de quinze anos (66%). Dentre os fatores de risco avaliados, ter idade inferior a 15 anos foi associado à dengue grave (OR=3,10; IC=2,69-3,57; pvalor = 0,001) e ser da raça branca (OR=1,35; IC=1,14-1,60; p-valor = 0,001). A prevalência de dengue grave em menores de quinze anos foi elevada e apenas a faixa etária menor de quinze anos e raça branca estiveram associadas à ocorrência de dengue grave.

This paper analyzes traditional migration processes in Perú and their influence on resource conservation. In the coast as well as in the sierra and selva, migration has been part of human coexistence with fragile ecosystems, allowing their conservation. However, these processes have not been recognized by the political administration. The State should recognize the existence of migration circuits to manage resources and include them within in the planning and development strategies. That must be reflected in the ecologic and economic zoning and inthe territorial land management. At the same time, the State should look for the means to get a dialog among the diverse actors that form the migration circuits. Here, I propose to involve the migration processes within the public policy in planning as well as in the regional development. / El artículo analiza los procesos de migración tradicional en el Perú y su influencia en la conservaciónde los recursos. Tanto en la costa, como en la sierra y la selva, la migración ha formadoparte de la convivencia humana con los ecosistemas frágiles, permitiendo su conservación. Sinembargo, estos procesos no han sido reconocidos por la gestión política. El Estado debe reconocerla existencia de circuitos de migración para la gestión de recursos e incluirlos dentro de la planificacióny desarrollo regional. Ello debe reflejarse en la zonificación ecológica económica y en elordenamiento territorial. Al mismo tiempo al Estado le corresponde establecer el diálogo entrelos diversos actores que integran los circuitos de migración. Se plantea involucrar dentro de lapolítica pública los procesos de migración tanto en la planificación, como en el desarrollo regional.

Diploma thesis is focused on price comparison of organic and conventional foods in the South Region in specialized stores. The theoretical part is focused on defining the concept of organic farming and organic food. The empirical part is focused on the evaluation of the results of the price survey.