The effective mass transfer area (a [subscript e]), liquid film mass transfer coefficient (k [subscript L]), and gas film mass transfer coefficient (k [subscript G]) of eleven structured packings and three random packings were measured consistently in a 0.428 m packed column. Absorption of CO₂ with 0.1 gmol/L NaOH with 3.05 m packing was used to measure a [subscript e], while air stripping of toluene from water with 1.83 m packing was used to measure k [subscript L], and absorption of SO₂ with 0.1 gmol/L NaOH with 0.51 m packing was used to measure k [subscript G]. The experiments were conducted with liquid load changing from 2.5 to 75 m³/(m²*h) and gas flow rate from 0.6 to 2.3 m/s. Packings with surface area from 125 to 500 m²/m³ and corrugation angle from 45 to 70 degree were tested to explore the effect of packing geometries on mass transfer. The effective area increases with packing surface area and liquid flow rate, and is independent of gas velocity. The packing corrugation angle has an insignificant effect on mass transfer area. The ratio of effective area to surface area decreases as surface area increases due to the limit of packing wettability. A correlation has been developed to predict the mass transfer area with an average deviation of 11%. [Mathematical equation]. The liquid film mass transfer coefficient is only a function of liquid velocity with a power of 0.74, while the gas film mass transfer coefficient is only a function of gas velocity with a power of 0.58. Both k [subscript L] and k [subscript G] increase with packing surface area, and decrease with corrugation angle. A new concept, Mixing Point Density, was introduced to account for effect of the packing geometry on k[subscript L] and k [subscript G]. Mixing Point Density represents the frequency at which liquid film is refreshed and gas is mixed. The mixing point density can be calculated by either packing characteristic length or by surface area and corrugation angle: [mathematical equation]. The dimensionless k [subscript L] and k [subscript G] models can then be developed based on the effects of liquid/gas velocity, mixing point density, packing surface area: [mathematical equation] [mathematical equation]. Mi is the dimensionless form of Mixing Point Density (M), which is M divided by a [subscript P]³. Because Mi is only a function of corrugation angle (θ), it is a convenient transformation to represent the effect of θ on mass transfer parameters. An economic analysis of the absorber was conducted for a 250 MW coal-fired power plant. The optimum operating condition is between 50 to 80 % of flooding, and the optimum design is to use packing with 200 to 250 m²/m³ surface area and high corrugation angle (60 to 70 degree). The minimum total cost ranges from $4.04 to $5.83 per tonne CO₂ removed with 8 m PZ.

Les contrats de distribution exclusive sont couramment utilisés dans la mise en marché des produits. Des doutes et des critiques ont été, pourtant, soulevés relativement à leur validité au regard du droit de la concurrence. Ces ententes et les pratiques qui en découlent paraissent, à première vue, anticoncurrentielles. Le propos de ce mémoire est d’examiner dans quelle mesure les contrats de distribution exclusive peuvent, en fait, stimuler la concurrence et de montrer, en conséquence, qu’ils devraient être considérés licites eu égard au droit de la concurrence. Nous trouvons, d’une part, que les pratiques exclusives sont suspectes vu qu’elles réduisent la liberté contractuelle du producteur et du distributeur. Cette restriction est susceptible d’entraver la concurrence à cause du pouvoir de marché qu’elle crée et elle peut, de ce fait, engendrer le monopole. La Loi sur la concurrence interdit de tels agissements. Les contrats de distribution exclusive peuvent, d’autre part, favoriser réellement la concurrence. Ils constituent un instrument stratégique utilisé par les entrepreneurs dans leur lutte pour accroître leur part de marché. La distribution exclusive, en portant les acteurs commerciaux à chercher les meilleures stratégies, renforce la concurrence. Celle-ci doit être entendue non seulement comme une constante rivalité entre toutes les entreprises, mais elle doit aussi inclure la coopération entre certaines entreprises en vue de mieux concurrencer d’autres à un niveau plus général. Une juste appréciation de la concurrence dans les contrats de distribution exclusive requiert le recours à l’analyse économique du droit. Cette analyse permet une évaluation de la concurrence basée sur le critère de l’efficience économique. En vue de déterminer si une pratique donnée augmente ou non le bien-être général (sur quoi l’analyse de l’efficience met l’accent), les effets négatifs de cette pratique devraient être mis en balance avec ses effets positifs résultant des gains en efficience. C’est dans ce sens que le droit de la concurrence a évolué tant dans l’Union européenne qu’aux États-Unis et au Canada pour permettre les ententes qui entraînent des gains nets d’efficience. Ce qu’on aurait pu condamner autrefois pour entrave à la concurrence, peut maintenant paraître comme une stratégie commerciale licite et saine. Compte tenu de ce récent développement, notre analyse nous conduit à la conclusion que les accords de distribution exclusive devraient être considérés licites dans la mesure où ils améliorent le bien-être du consommateur. / Exclusive distribution agreements are commonly used in the marketing of products. However, doubts and criticisms have been expressed concerning their validity as regards competition law: these agreements and the resulting practices appear at first blush to be anticompetitive. In this thesis we propose to examine to what extent exclusive distribution agreements can in fact foster competition and hence should be considered lawful as regards competition law. On one hand, we find that exclusive distribution practices are suspect, because the contractual freedom of the producer and of the distributor is restricted. This restriction may hinder interbrand competition due to market power and can potentially create a monopoly. Such actions are not permissible under the Competition Act. On the other hand, some aspects of exclusive distribution arrangements can actually promote competition. They constitute a strategic tool used by suppliers seeking to increase their market shares. This can reinforce competition by encouraging competitors to try out better strategies. Competition must be understood not merely as the constant rivalry amongst all enterprises, but must also encompass cooperation between certain enterprises in order to better compete with others at a more general level. A fair appreciation of competition in exclusive distribution arrangements requires one to have recourse to the economic analysis of law. The economic analysis of law allows one to assess competition based on the criterion of economic efficiency. In order to determine whether or not a particular practice increases the general welfare ( on which efficiency analysis focuses), the negative effects of that practice should be weighed against its positive effects resulting from efficiency gains. In this sense, competition law has evolved, as much in the European Union, as in the United States and Canada, to allow arrangements that lead to net welfare gains. What might have been previously condemned as an obstacle to competition may now appear as a legitimate and healthy commercial strategy. Taking into account this recent development, our analysis leads us to the conclusion that exclusive distribution agreements should be lawful in so far as they improve consumer welfare.

The demand for electricity is increasing daily due to technological advancement, and ?luxurious lifestyles. Increasing utilization of electricity means the depletion of fossil fuel ?reserves. Thus, governments around the world are seeking alternative and sustainable ?sources of energy such as the solar powered system. The main purpose of this research is ?to develop a knowledge base on residential electric generation from the grid and solar ?energy. This paper examined the economic feasibility of using grid-tied residential ?photovoltaic (GRPV) system in Saudi Arabia with the HOMER software. Models ?forecasting the price of oil barrels through artificial neural networks (ANN) were also ?employed in the analysis. The study shows that an oil-rich country like Saudi Arabia has ?potential to utilize the GRPV system as an alternative source of energy. / This paper examined the economic feasibility of using grid-tied residential photovoltaic ??(GRPV) system in Saudi Arabia with the HOMER software. Models forecasting the ?price of oil barrels through artificial neural networks (ANN) were also employed in the ?analysis. The study shows that an oil-rich country like Saudi Arabia has potential to ?utilize the GRPV system as an alternative source of energy. This study provides a ?discussion of the potential for applying solar-powered and an assessment of the ?performance of existing systems based on collecting output data.?

À la lecture de l'article 2365 c.c.Q., le créancier et la caution ne peuvent pas percevoir les droits et les libertés que ce texte concrétise à leur encontre ou à leur profit. Pour pallier ce problème, les auteurs et la jurisprudence ont alors laissé place à leur imagination afin de tenter de classifier cette disposition à l'intérieur d'institutions juridiques éprouvées, le tout en vue de démythifier le contenu de la règle de droit. Pour notre part, nous considérons que l'exception de non-subrogation est une notion originale en soi, qui trouve sa source à l'intérieur même de son institution. La thèse que nous soutenons est que l'exception de non-subrogation, mode de libération qui a pour mission de combattre le comportement opportuniste, cristallise l'obligation de bonne foi en imposant implicitement au créancier une obligation de bonne subrogation. Tout manquement du créancier à cette obligation a comme conséquence de rendre le droit de créance du créancier irrecevable à l'égard de la caution devant les tribunaux. Ce précepte éclaircit le contexte de l'article 2365 C.c.Q. et, par le fait même, il permet de délimiter le contour de son domaine et de préciser ses conditions d'application. L'exception de non-subrogation est un mécanisme juridique qui date de l'époque romaine. Elle est maintenant intégrée dans presque tous les systèmes juridiques du monde, tant en droit civil qu'en common law. Dans la législation québécoise, elle s'est cristallisée à l'article 2365 C.c.Q. Il s'agit d'une disposition d'ordre public qui ne peut être invoquée que par la caution. Son application dépend du cumul de quatre conditions: 1) le fait du créancier; 2) la perte d'un droit subrogatoire; 3) le préjudice de la caution; 4) le lien causal entre les trois derniers éléments. Lorsque ces quatre conditions sont remplies, la caution est libérée de son engagement dans la mesure du préjudice qu'elle subit. / Article 2365 of the Civil Code of Quebec ("C.C.Q.") states that the creditor and the surety cannot claim rights and liberties that the text secures for or against them. To deal with this problem, the authors and authorities gave free reign to imagination in an attempt to categorize this provision within recognized legal institutions and thereby demythicize the content of the rule of law. We are of the opinion that the non-subrogation exception is in itself an original concept that arises from within its institution. We believe that the non-subrogation exception, a discharge mode which aims at fighting opportunistic behaviour, crystallises the duty of good faith by implicitly imposing upon the creditor the obligation of subrogation. The creditor's failure to comply with this obligation will result in his right to claim in respect of the surety not being receivable in court. This throws some light on the context of Article 2365 C.c.Q., defines its boundaries and clarifies its applicability. The non-subrogation exception is a legal mechanism that goes back to Roman times. ft has now been incorporated into both civil and common law in almost ail legal systems in the world. In Quebec legislation, it falls under Article 2365 C.C.Q. It is a public order provision that only the surety can cite. The enforcement of this provision is subject to the following conditions: 1) the act of the creditor; 2) the loss of a subrogatory right; 3) the surety's prejudice; 4) the causal link between the three. When these conditions are fulfilled, the surety is released from his obligation to the extent of the prejudice he has suffered.

Cashmere Forest is currently a production forest comprised of mostly radiata pine (c.85%), Douglas fir (c.5%) and some non plantation areas. The Port Hills Park Trust Board (PHPTB) is interested in purchasing Cashmere Forest for the purpose of creating a public forest park environment where forestry, indigenous biodiversity, recreation and the environment are goals of sustainable management. For this purpose this draft forest management (DFM) plan has been prepared. The preparation of the Cashmere DFM plan comprised three main components: 1. An economic analysis of the current plantation component of Cashmere Forest. 2. Preparation of a draft forest management plan which encompasses the management of plantation and non plantation areas. 3. Preparation of a geographic information system (GIS) for Cashmere Forest. Economic analysis evaluated clearfell, coupe (2 to 5 ha), and a mixture of coupe and continuous canopy management (CCM) as harvesting scenarios. The coupe CCM mix was recommended for implementation primarily as it best suited long term management goals for Cashmere Forest Park while also returning modest value (NPV $561, 966). Normal cashflow analysis was also used to analyse cashflow over the first thirty years of operation from 2007. Under coupe/CCM, accrued profit does not become permanently positive until around 2019 due to initial infrastructure costs. Accrued revenue culminates at around 4 million after 30 years. This figure may drop following implementation of high pruning, alternative growth models and indigenous restoration. The Cashmere DFM plan begins with the 200 year vision which sees a Forest Park ecosystem that achieves production, environmental, ecological and recreational goals appropriate to its Port Hills location. Production forestry is practiced through the selective harvesting of a range of naturally regenerated exotic and restored indigenous species. Landscape, soil and water resources are sustainably managed through the retention of a mixed forest canopy. The forest park has been significantly augmented with indigenous flora and fauna typical of the Port Hills and ecologically significant areas are managed specifically for their indigenous biodiversity. Park recreational users are enjoying ongoing utilisation of a unique Canterbury landscape. Plantation forest management involves coupes of between 2 to 5 ha which will be harvested with cable or ground based systems with areas split approximately 50:50 between the two. Cable harvesting will be carried out with a swing yarder system with ground based operations carried out with track skidders. CCM will be carried out on a trial basis in three compartments. Re-establishment of plantation areas will aim towards occupying around 58% of Cashmere Forest, comprised of areas of radiate pine 65%, radiata pine/eucalypt 24%, Douglas fir/eucalypt 5% and Alternative species 6%. Non plantation areas are identified as either bluff, track or clearing. Within each area there may be one or more vegetation type including tussock grassland, mixed shrubland, rock association and any mixture of the three. It is proposed that the non plantation area will eventually increase to include riparian buffers 31%, restored native 55%, bluff 10% and track 4% areas, reflecting the long term vision of increased native areas in Cashmere Forest. Monitoring of forest operations, restoration, recreation and management progress will be integral to the successful implementation of the Cashmere DFM plan. A database of information will be created to allow periodical reviews of processes and predictions and reconciliation of costs and revenues associated with the management of Cashmere Forest. Periodical reviews will also be undertaken by an independent management advisory group who can liaise with the project manager of Cashmere Forest Park to discuss issues and aid planning and ensure the successful establishment of this unique park resource.

This study presents the complete design of a photovoltaic system in commercial buildings. PV installation for Multiarena was primary used for internal consumption, rest of production will be sent according intentions in grid. Project presents theoretical demand calculations for building consumptions. According to the theoretical calculations numerical study has been provided by software Indoor Climate and Energy program. Detailed electric optimization strategy can be founded in project description, as well as the sizing of the photovoltaic installation and economic and financial issues related to it. Study presents several models for photovoltaic system and their economic analysis. Environmental issues can be founded at the end of the study.

Coal-fired power plants are the largest anthropogenic point sources of CO2 emissions worldwide. About 40% of the world's electricity comes from coal. Approximately 49% of the US electricity in 2008 and 23% of the total electricity generation of Canada in 2000 came from coal-fired power plant (World Coal Association, and Statistic Canada). It is likely that in the near future there might be some form of CO2 regulation. Therefore, it is highly probable that CO2 capture will need to be implemented at many US and Canadian coal fired power plants at some point. Several technologies are available for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. One option is to separate CO2 from the combustion products using conventional approach such as chemical absorption/stripping with amine solvents, which is commercially available. Another potential alternative, membrane gas separation, involves no moving parts, is compact and modular with a small footprint, is gaining more and more attention. Both technologies can be retrofitted to existing power plants, but they demands significant energy requirement to capture, purify and compress the CO2 for transporting to the sequestration sites. This thesis is a techno-economical evaluation of the two approaches mentioned above along with another approach known as hybrid. This evaluation is based on the recent advancement in membrane materials and properties, and the adoption of systemic design procedures and optimization approach with the help of a commercial process simulator. Comparison of the process performance is developed in AspenPlus process simulation environment with a detailed multicomponent gas separation membrane model, and several rigorous rate-based absorption/stripping models. Fifteen various single and multi-stage membrane process configurations with or without recycle streams are examined through simulation and design study for industrial scale post-combustion CO2 capture. It is found that only two process configurations are capable to satisfy the process specifications i.e., 85% CO2 recovery and 98% CO2 purity for EOR. The power and membrane area requirement can be saved by up to 13% and 8% respectively by the optimizing the base design. A post-optimality sensitivity analysis reveals that any changes in any of the factors such as feed flow rate, feed concentration (CO2), permeate vacuum and compression condition have great impact on plant performance especially on power consumption and product recovery. Two different absorption/stripping process configurations (conventional and Fluor concept) with monoethanolamine (30 wt% MEA) solvent were simulated and designed using same design basis as above with tray columns. Both the rate-based and the equilibrium-stage based modeling approaches were adopted. Two kinetic models for modeling reactive absorption/stripping reactions of CO2 with aqueous MEA solution were evaluated. Depending on the options to account for mass transfer, the chemical reactions in the liquid film/phase, film resistance and film non-ideality, eight different absorber/stripper models were categorized and investigated. From a parametric design study, the optimum CO2 lean solvent loading was determined with respect to minimum reboiler energy requirement by varying the lean solvent flow rate in a closed-loop simulation environment for each model. It was realized that the success of modeling CO2 capture with MEA depends upon how the film discretization is carried out. It revealed that most of the CO2 was reacted in the film not in the bulk liquid. This insight could not be recognized with the traditional equilibrium-stage modeling. It was found that the optimum/or minimum lean solvent loading ranges from 0.29 to 0.40 and the reboiler energy ranges from 3.3 to 5.1 (GJ/ton captured CO2) depending on the model considered. Between the two process alternatives, the Fluor concept process performs well in terms of plant operating (i.e., 8.5% less energy) and capital cost (i.e., 50% less number of strippers). The potentiality of hybrid processes which combines membrane permeation and conventional gas absorption/stripping using MEA were also examined for post-combustion CO2 capture in AspenPlus®. It was found that the hybrid process may not be a promising alternative for post-combustion CO2 capture in terms of energy requirement for capture and compression. On the other hand, a stand-alone membrane gas separation process showed the lowest energy demand for CO2 capture and compression, and could save up to 15 to 35% energy compare to the MEA capture process depending on the absorption/stripping model used.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 gerlach_gax_dr_ilha.pdf: 1660405 bytes, checksum: 4a0a30a19f551993f90754ea19b9b7ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As elevadas taxas de decomposição do material orgânico em regiões tropicais tem sido um dos problemas para a manutenção e sustentabilidade do sistema plantio direto, isso devido à necessidade de produção de grandes quantidades de palha e a imobilização do nitrogênio no sistema de plantio direto. O cultivo intercalar de adubos verdes na cultura do milho pode produzir maior quantidade de matéria seca de plantas do que em culturas solteiras. Nessa condição o consórcio de culturas constitui alternativa para suprir o aporte anual de palha e fornecer nitrogênio às culturas. Dependendo da relação C/N da palhada que tem-se área poderá ocorrer menor disponibilidade de nitrogênio para a cultura da soja o cultivo de leguminosas com a cultura do milho poderá suprir essa deficiência de nitrogênio devido a maior fixação de nitrogênio. Na cultura do arroz com a inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense conseguira aproveitar o nitrogênio na área havendo economia de fertilizantes nitrogenados. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho é o de estudar o efeito de leguminosas em consórcio com a cultura do milho 2ª safra para a produção de matéria seca com relação C/N intermediaria e posteriormente verificar o seu efeito no fornecimento de nitrogênio para a cultura da soja com e sem adubação nitrogenada e o maior aproveitamento do nitrogênio para a cultura do arroz de terras altas com e sem inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense. O trabalho foi constituído por três subprojetos e desenvolvido na Fazenda experimental da UNESP – Campus de Ilha Solteira. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições e 10 tratamentos constituídos pela combinação do efeito dos restos culturais de milho, estilosantes, guandu e Crotalaria spectabilis. O delineamento experimental para a soja e arroz em sucessão ao milho foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 10x2 com os tratamentos constituídos pelos restos culturais do milho e adubos verdes e presença e ausência de adubação nitrogenada em semeadura para a cultura da Soja e de presença e ausência de inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense para a cultura do arroz. Concluiu-se que o consórcio com os adubos verdes não interferiu na produtividade do milho e há incremento da matéria seca total após a colheita do milho e redução da relação C/N nos tratamentos consorciados; o consórcio de milho com leguminosas a inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense e a ausência de nitrogênio na semeadura influenciaram a produtividade do arroz; e os componentes de produção e a produtividade da soja respectivamente. Os maiores retornos financeiros foram observados pelos consórcios de milho com estilosantes e milho com guandu em semeadura simultânea, e pela inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense em arroz e ausência de nitrogênio mineral na semeadura da soja / The high rates of decomposition of organic material in tropical regions has been one of the problems for the maintenance and sustainability of the no-tillage system, due to the need to produce large amounts of straw and nitrogen immobilization in the no-tillage system. The intercropping of green manure in maize can produce more dry matter than in single crops. In this condition the crop consortium is a alternative to supply the annual straw supply and supply nitrogen to crops. Depending on the C/N ratio of the straw that has an area, there may be less nitrogen availability for the soybean crop. The cultivation of legumes with the maize crop can supply this nitrogen deficiency due to the greater nitrogen fixation. In rice cultivation with the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense it was able to take advantage of the nitrogen in the area, with nitrogen fertilizer economy. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the effect of legumes in intercropping with maize crop 2 nd crop for dry matter production with intermediate C/N ratio and later to verify its effect on the nitrogen supply to the soybean crop with and without nitrogen fertilization and the greater use of nitrogen for upland rice cultivation with and without inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense. The research is made up of three subprojects and was developed at the experimental farm of UNESP - Ilha Solteira Campus. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates and 10 treatments consisting of the effect of the cultural remains of maize, estilosantes, Pigeon pea and Crotalaria spectabilis. The experimental design for soybean and rice in succession to maize will be a randomized block design in a 10x2 factorial scheme with the treatments constituted by maize and green manure crop residues and the presence and absence of nitrogen fertilization in sowing for Soja and presence and absence of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense for rice cultivation. It was concluded that the intercropping with the green manures did not interfere in the maize productivity and there was an increase in total dry matter after maize harvest and reduction of the C/N ratio of the intercropping treatments; The maize and legume consortium inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and the absence of nitrogen at sowing influenced rice yield; and the production components and yield of soybean respectively. The highest financial returns was observed in maize intercropping with stylers and pigeon pea in simultaneous sowing and by the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense in rice and absence of mineral nitrogen in soybean sowing

Orientador: Orivaldo Arf / Resumo: As elevadas taxas de decomposição do material orgânico em regiões tropicais tem sido um dos problemas para a manutenção e sustentabilidade do sistema plantio direto, isso devido à necessidade de produção de grandes quantidades de palha e a imobilização do nitrogênio no sistema de plantio direto. O cultivo intercalar de adubos verdes na cultura do milho pode produzir maior quantidade de matéria seca de plantas do que em culturas solteiras. Nessa condição o consórcio de culturas constitui alternativa para suprir o aporte anual de palha e fornecer nitrogênio às culturas. Dependendo da relação C/N da palhada que tem-se área poderá ocorrer menor disponibilidade de nitrogênio para a cultura da soja o cultivo de leguminosas com a cultura do milho poderá suprir essa deficiência de nitrogênio devido a maior fixação de nitrogênio. Na cultura do arroz com a inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense conseguira aproveitar o nitrogênio na área havendo economia de fertilizantes nitrogenados. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho é o de estudar o efeito de leguminosas em consórcio com a cultura do milho 2ª safra para a produção de matéria seca com relação C/N intermediaria e posteriormente verificar o seu efeito no fornecimento de nitrogênio para a cultura da soja com e sem adubação nitrogenada e o maior aproveitamento do nitrogênio para a cultura do arroz de terras altas com e sem inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense. O trabalho foi constituído por três subprojetos e desenvolvido na Fazenda experiment... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The high rates of decomposition of organic material in tropical regions has been one of the problems for the maintenance and sustainability of the no-tillage system, due to the need to produce large amounts of straw and nitrogen immobilization in the no-tillage system. The intercropping of green manure in maize can produce more dry matter than in single crops. In this condition the crop consortium is a alternative to supply the annual straw supply and supply nitrogen to crops. Depending on the C/N ratio of the straw that has an area, there may be less nitrogen availability for the soybean crop. The cultivation of legumes with the maize crop can supply this nitrogen deficiency due to the greater nitrogen fixation. In rice cultivation with the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense it was able to take advantage of the nitrogen in the area, with nitrogen fertilizer economy. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the effect of legumes in intercropping with maize crop 2 nd crop for dry matter production with intermediate C/N ratio and later to verify its effect on the nitrogen supply to the soybean crop with and without nitrogen fertilization and the greater use of nitrogen for upland rice cultivation with and without inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense. The research is made up of three subprojects and was developed at the experimental farm of UNESP - Ilha Solteira Campus. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates and 10 treatments ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

No description available.