In 2019 the courts in Sweden decided in 21 judgements regarding gross money laundering. This study aims to determine if the court uses economic analysis of law in its judgments and if so, in what way the economic analysis occur. I have used a positive economic analysis of law in attempt to explain the legal rules as well as the outcome of the rules in form of an analysis of the 21 judgments on gross money laundering in 2019. The analysis of the judgments shows no obvious signs of economic reasoning in the courts decisions. There are thou economic effects regarding the measure of length of the punishment and it´s relation to the amount of wealth in the money laundering activity. In the majority of the judgements the equilibrium of wealth that prevailed before the involuntary transaction of goods was restored by damages. In combination with the sanctions the judgements can be classified as economical efficient. This shows that even if thou there are no obvious economic concepts in the judgments, there still can be economic grounds in the decisions, even thou they are imbedded in the legal system of sanctions in the civil law system.

Liberal theory and practice of competition law Abstract The presented thesis focuses on the matter of competition law from the point of view of selected schools of economic thought. The goal of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive insight into the content and nature of legal norms in the field of competition law and offer a comparison of views of specific traditions of economic theory on the selected bodies of legislation in force. The wider objective of the thesis is to explore the application possibilities of the findings of various economic theories to legal phenomena, with the thesis exploring both the anglo-american branch of economic analysis of law and heterodox approaches, that originate from the continental economic theory and jurisprudence. To this end, the thesis picks three distinct schools of economic thought, that are commonly labeled as liberal, these being the Austrian, Chicago and Freiburg school of economics, each having different methodology, theoretical and analytical conclusions and prescriptive suggestions. Bodies of legislation in force selected for the purposes of this thesis are competition law statutes of the Czech Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany and the EU. The Structure of the thesis applies the "from general to specific" method of explanation, i.e. introductory...

OF THE DIPLOMA THESIS The Economic Analysis of Law in Case-Law Pavlína Hubková According Richard Posner, "economics is a powerful tool for analyzing a vast range of legal questions but most lawyers have difficulty connecting economic principles to concrete legal problems." This diploma thesis focuses on the clash between law and economics and on those difficulties lawyers may have when applying economic analysis of law. It tries to identify borders between two fields of study and problems or obstacles which are faced by judges. In concrete, the thesis deals with the economic analysis of law in the domain of competition law. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part includes four chapters. The first chapter characterizes the economic analysis of law in general, it provides with a short history of this approach to law, opinions of its proponents as well as critics and a summary of utility of economics in law. The second chapter then refers specifically to the role of economic analysis in judicial decision-making. Competition law as an "explicitly economic field" is presented in the third chapter. The core of the thesis is to be found in the next chapter which focuses on the problems and obstacles which judges have to face and potentially overcome when...

Economic Analysis of Law in the Field of Liability for Damages This thesis focuses on the application of economic analysis of law, which is an approach enabling an alternative view of legal institutions because of its specific methodology. Although this theoretical school originated in the common law system, which is still its realm, the thesis shows potential overlaps to the system of civil law. Questions concerning civil liability for damages are examined as an example of a possible application. The initial chapter of the thesis is concerned with introducing the economic analysis of law. At first, it briefly describes its historical development including links to some related schools. Foundations, areas of resesarch, basic concepts and methodology are also examined in this chapter. The specific application of economic approach in relation to civil liability for damages is discussed in the second part. It describes the choice between negligence and strict liability, problem of causation and procedural aspects of claims for compensation for damage. Special attention is drawn to the Learned Hand test established by case-law as a method to assess the conditions of liability. This method is based on considering economic criteria using a cost analysis. The part dealing with behavioral findings extending...

A presente dissertação de mestrado apresenta resultados de investigação sobre o relacionamento entre o direito e a economia não só na vertente da análise econômica do direito proposta pela Escola de Chicago, mas também pela corrente teórica do final do século XIX e início do século XX. Para tanto, considerou a relação entre direito e economia especialmente a partir de uma perspectiva da teoria retórica do direito, em que um modelo hermêneutico é desenvolvido a partir da teoria das funções da linguagem de Roman Jakobson. Utilizando este modelo interpretativo, é apresentada uma discussão sobre os limites para uma interpretação pautada pela análise econômica do direito, considerando-se uma análise normativa que buscasse se orientar pelos critérios de Kaldor- Hicks e de Pareto. Quando voltada a exemplos, a presente dissertação destaca o direito concorrencial, tendo em vista o inter-relacionamento de conceitos econômicos e jurídicos neste ramo do direito, o que permite observar com maior clareza os desafios presentes na utilização de conceitos econômicos pelo discurso jurídico. / The present masters thesis presents results of an investigation on Law & Economics, not just based on the economic analysis of law developed by the Chicago School, but also based in the theoretical approach developed at the end of the nineteenth century and during the beginnings of the twentieth. For that purpose, this thesis especially considered the relation between Law and Economics from the perspective of rhetorical theory of law, in which is developed a hermeneutic model, departing from the Roman Jakobsons model of functions of language. Using that interpretative model, it is presented a discussion on the limits of the interpretation directed by the economic analysis of law, in consideration of a normative analysis which is oriented by the Kaldor-Hicks criterion or the Pareto criterion. The examples in the present masters thesis are in their majority taken from the competition law that is the field in which the interrelationship between law and economics is more intense. This intense relationship makes able the analysis of the challenges which are posed by the adoption of economic concepts by the legal discourse.

Marktaustrittsprozesse und förmliche Konkurs- und Sanierungsverfahren gelten als grundlegende Elemente funktionsfähiger Marktwirtschaften und können in diesem Sinne als Indikatoren eines erfolgreichen Transformationsprozesses interpretiert werden. Diese Arbeit untersucht, unter welchen Bedingungen sie sich im litauischen Übergang von der Befehls- zur Marktwirtschaft herausbildeten. Es wird gezeigt, dass bereits die frühen Reformen der Liberalisierung und makroökonomischen Stabilisierung Marktaustritte hervorriefen. Diese waren fast ausschließlich informeller Natur. Angesicht seiner mangelhaften institutionellen Voraussetzungen war das Konkursrecht in der Frühphase der litauischen Transformation nicht in der Lage die Funktionen zu erfüllen, die ihm in reifen Marktwirtschaften zukommt. Seine strikte Anwendung hätte daher die wirtschaftliche Krise verstärken können. Erst als diese überwunden schien und sich zunehmend alle Elemente einer Wettbewerbsordnung etablierten, konnte und musste auch das Insolvenzsystem an Bedeutung und Funktionalität gewinnen.

Currently, we see the existence of movements that are theoretically and ideologically driven by perceived behavioral advances in the economy, allowing the implementation of social rights about economic efficiency propositions carrying the matter to the legal environment costs that social rights to health, education or housing require the State and to society reflexively. An analysis of the relations between law and economy through movement and methodological viewpoints entitled Economic Analysis of Law (EAL) suggests a possible use of the criterion of efficiency for the fulfillment of social rights, based on a cost-benefit analysis in the process of decision making. Numerous studies tend to uncover the many contributions that the methodology of economics has to offer to the legal science, given that the economy is ordinarily a method of investigation of human behavior. These conducts are precisely the object of regulation for the legal science. Thus, it is possible to combine the method of Law and Economics or "Economic Analysis of Law" to another method of analysis that allows a certain slowdown in technical rigor delved into essentially microeconomic elements that are applied law, allowing the right to see the light of the consequences that the normative production will lead, trusting the renewal of legal science to the idea that the right is built through experience. The scope of this work is to shed light on the use of the pragmatic method, trying to elucidate its main concepts and assumptions for the use of the method as a lens of observation that allows to see, albeit superficially, the process of making decisions that involves the effectiveness of social rights. To trace some outlines about the method of Economic Analysis of Law, we seek a combination of this view with the pragmatic method from the perspective of the work of Richard Posner, an American exponent of Economic Analysis that at some stage of his work is selfproclaimed pragmatist. In this context, we analyze the usefulness and possible uses of the pragmatic method of economic analysis of law adopting as a parameter the Brazilian judicial experience in implementation and effectiveness of social rights, situating issues such as its positioning as fundamental constitutional rights, its multifunctional nature and limits of operability, seeking to notice, in this context, if the method in question works as a tool for effective social rights. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Atualmente, percebe-se a existência de movimentos de cunho teórico-ideológico impulsionados por avanços comportamentais percebidos pela economia, que permitem a realização de direitos sociais de acordo com critérios de eficiência econômica, principalmente transportando ao ambiente jurídico a questão dos custos que os direitos sociais à saúde, educação ou moradia impõem ao Estado e reflexamente à sociedade. Uma análise das relações estabelecidas entre o direito e a economia através do movimento de cunho metodológico intitulado Análise Econômica do Direito (AED), suscita uma possível utilização do critério da eficiência para a efetivação dos direitos sociais, pautada em uma análise de custo-benefício no processo de tomada de decisões. Inúmeros estudos tendem a desvelar os contributos que a ciência econômica tem aoferecer ao direito, tendo em vista que a economia é, ordinariamente, método de investigação de comportamentos humanos. Tais condutas humanas são caras à ciência jurídica justamente constituirem seu objeto de regulação. Sendo assim, é possível conjugar o método da Law and Economics ou “Análise Econômica do Direito” a outro método de análise que permita um certo abrandamento do rigor tecnicista enveredado pelos elementos essencialmente microeconômicos, que permitam enxergar o direito à luz das consequências que a produção normativa venha a ocasionar, confiando a renovação da ciência jurídica à ideia de que o direito é construído através da experiência. Desta feita, o presente trabalho tem por escopo lançar luzes sobre a utilização do método pragmático, buscando elucidar seus principais conceitos e premissas necessárias à utilização do método enquanto uma lente de observação que permita enxergar, ainda que superficialmente, o processo de tomada de decisões que envolvam e efetividade de direitos sociais. Na sequência, ao traçar alguns delineamentos sobre o método de Análise Econômica do Direito, busca-se uma conjugação deste com o método pragmático sob o prisma da obra de Richard Posner, expoente norte-americano da Análise Econômica que em determinada fase de sua obra se auto-intitula pragmatista. Por oportuno, resta analisar a utilidade e eventual utilização do método de análise econômica pragmática do direito adotando como parâmetro de análise a experiência jurisprudencial brasileira na realização e efetividade dos direitos sociais, situando questões necessárias como o seu posicionamento na ordem constitucional enquanto direitos fundamentais, seu caráter multifuncional e seus limites de operacionalidade, procurando perceber, em tal contexto, se o método em questão, funciona enquanto ferramenta de efetividade aos direitos sociais.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FillipeAR_DISSERT.pdf: 1615272 bytes, checksum: 7229c9fb1fbdc8fe32d9e0ceaf4a3f26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-19 / Aborda a evolu??o hist?rica das liberdades individuais, a partir de apontamentos pertinentes ao constitucionalismo liberal, ? forma??o do Estado de Direito e ao advento dos regimes democr?ticos amparados em direitos fundamentais. Pretende, quanto aos direitos fundamentais, mostrar diversas classifica??es, fun??es, crit?rios e conceitos, al?m da sistematiza??o de gera??es ou dimens?es de direitos. Discorre acerca da teoria dos limites aos limites, ao lado de teorias correlatas em prof?cua confronta??o doutrin?ria, tudo com fins a estruturar os conceitos basilares de direitos de liberdade, que orientam o restante da obra. Trata do cen?rio hist?rico-jur?dico do surgimento da An?lise Econ?mica do Direito (AED), consistente, sobretudo, no jusrealismo norte-americano, abordado, em paralelo, com o realismo jur?dico escandinavo. Aplica conceitos e premissas de microeconomia ao Direito Penal, com ?nfase para a investiga??o do comportamento criminoso empreendida pela Economia do Crime. Avan?a n?o apenas restrito ? perspectiva te?rica, trazendo dados emp?ricos e implica??es concretas da teoria econ?mica dos delitos e das penas, que ser?o reconhecidos na evolu??o e redu??o da criminalidade, nas pol?ticas de desarmamento, na estrutura??o empresarial do narcotr?fico, bem como na otimiza??o da administra??o penitenci?ria brasileira a fim de concretizar o preconizado pela legisla??o de execu??o penal. Desenvolve estudo a partir da leitura hist?rica do Direito Penal, passando pelos conceitos de sociedade complexa e de riscos. Analisa, ap?s fixados tais pressupostos, algumas causas do processo de expans?o do Direito Penal com vistas a identificar propostas alternativas ao hiperpunitivismo hodierno, preservando-se, assim, os direitos de liberdade que sustentam o Estado Democr?tico de Direito. Prop?e uma desconstru??o do conceito jur?dico do princ?pio da efici?ncia administrativa, demonstrando como seu conte?do normativo foi demasiadamente mitigado pela recep??o prec?ria dos respectivos elementos econ?micos por parte da doutrina e da jurisprud?ncia p?tria. Ressalta a import?ncia jur?dica da efici?ncia econ?mica, devidamente harmonizada com os demais princ?pios constitucionais, por for?a do instrumental anal?tico da AED Positiva. Investiga criticamente algumas teorias sociol?gicas tendentes ao funcionalismo penal, sob referenciais de efici?ncia e de direitos de liberdade. Almeja, ao final, propor a AED como alternativa ? expans?o funcionalista e irracional dos tipos e san??es criminais, de modo que a aproxima??o entre Economia do Crime, efici?ncia econ?mica e Direito Penal contribua para blindar os direitos de liberdade das vicissitudes t?picas da sociedade contempor?nea

A presente dissertação de mestrado apresenta resultados de investigação sobre o relacionamento entre o direito e a economia não só na vertente da análise econômica do direito proposta pela Escola de Chicago, mas também pela corrente teórica do final do século XIX e início do século XX. Para tanto, considerou a relação entre direito e economia especialmente a partir de uma perspectiva da teoria retórica do direito, em que um modelo hermêneutico é desenvolvido a partir da teoria das funções da linguagem de Roman Jakobson. Utilizando este modelo interpretativo, é apresentada uma discussão sobre os limites para uma interpretação pautada pela análise econômica do direito, considerando-se uma análise normativa que buscasse se orientar pelos critérios de Kaldor- Hicks e de Pareto. Quando voltada a exemplos, a presente dissertação destaca o direito concorrencial, tendo em vista o inter-relacionamento de conceitos econômicos e jurídicos neste ramo do direito, o que permite observar com maior clareza os desafios presentes na utilização de conceitos econômicos pelo discurso jurídico. / The present masters thesis presents results of an investigation on Law & Economics, not just based on the economic analysis of law developed by the Chicago School, but also based in the theoretical approach developed at the end of the nineteenth century and during the beginnings of the twentieth. For that purpose, this thesis especially considered the relation between Law and Economics from the perspective of rhetorical theory of law, in which is developed a hermeneutic model, departing from the Roman Jakobsons model of functions of language. Using that interpretative model, it is presented a discussion on the limits of the interpretation directed by the economic analysis of law, in consideration of a normative analysis which is oriented by the Kaldor-Hicks criterion or the Pareto criterion. The examples in the present masters thesis are in their majority taken from the competition law that is the field in which the interrelationship between law and economics is more intense. This intense relationship makes able the analysis of the challenges which are posed by the adoption of economic concepts by the legal discourse.

This thesis is a case study from 1980 to 2012 of law reform applied to workers’ compensation in Ontario. It aims to understand the promise of law reform and its implementation from the standpoint of injured workers. The study is structured in three parts. Part One constructs an analytical framework drawing on legal theories and principles of adjudication. It provides a brief history of the Ontario Workers’ Compensation Board, its powers and adjudicative practices prior to the reforms. Part Two summarizes reform in Ontario’s workers’ compensation law from 1980 to 2012. The description is organized into five periods reflecting significant shifts in direction. It focuses on government recommendations for reform, identifies and describes key legislative changes, and explores changes to governance, appeals and adjudication. Legislation, case law, policy and practice are reviewed. Part Three reviews the evidence of the impact of the Ontario reforms on a particular group: unemployed, permanently disabled workers. While the Board refuses to track the economic status of injured workers, research suggests poverty and stigma face many. Conclusions suggest that Ontario’s workers’ compensation system was transformed from one established to address the interests of workers and employers separately to one that balances those interests and now into one that privileges the interests of employers. Workers’ interests are a cost to be reduced. The prospect of law reform as an empirically driven process to address injustice has been corrupted by a focus on correctness with fairness as an afterthought. Cette thèse étudie les réformes de la législation ontarienne en matière d'indemnisation pour les accidents du travail apportées entre 1980 et 2012. Elle vise à comprendre, du point de vue des travailleurs accidentés, les promesses des réformes et leur mise en oeuvre. L'étude est structurée en trois parties. La première partie fournit un cadre théorique ancré sur certaines théories juridiques et sur les principes régissant la prise de décision. Elle fournit une courte historique de la Commission des accidents du travail de l'Ontario, en regard de ses pouvoirs et pratiques décisionnelles avant les réformes. La deuxième partie fait la synthèse de la réforme de la législation ontarienne en matière d'accidents du travail de 1980 à 2012. Elle se divise en cinq périodes reflétant les réorientations importantes. Elle aborde les recommandations gouvernementales, décrit les modifications législatives et explore les changements apportés au niveau de la gouvernance, des appels et des modalités de prise de décision. La législation, la jurisprudence, les directives et les pratiques sont étudiées. La troisième partie analyse, à la lumière des statistiques et les recherches scientifiques sur le sujet, l'impact des réformes ontariennes sur un groupe particulier: les travailleurs porteurs d'atteintes permanentes et qui sont sans emploi. Alors que la Commission refuse de documenter le statut économique des travailleurs accidentés, la recherche suggère que plusieurs font face à la pauvreté et la stigmatisation. Les conclusions de la thèse suggèrent que le système d'indemnisation des accidentés du travail de l'Ontario est passé d'un système conçu pour répondre aux intérêts des travailleurs et des employeurs de manière séparée à un système qui a cherché l'équilibre entre ces intérêts, pour, maintenant, privilégier les intérêts des employeurs. Les intérêts des travailleurs sont des coûts à être réduits. La perspective de la réforme du droit en tant que processus fondé sur les données scientifiques pour répondre à l'injustice a été corrompue par un focus sur le caractère correct des décisions, et l'équité est devenue une considération qui vient en dernier lieu.