This study examines the connection between social capital and involvement within voluntary associations; involvement is defined either as being a member in an association or a member who has some kind of assignment in an association. The study also examines if there is a difference between two social economic groups regarding the attainment and transformation of social capital through being involved in a voluntary association. Social capital is defined as social trust and the willingness of collective action. The result of the research shows there is a slight connection between the involvement in voluntary associations and social capital. It shows that people who are members of a voluntary association often have higher social capital than those who are not members of any voluntary association at all. The study also shows that there is a difference in attainment of social capital between those who have some kind of assignment in a voluntary association and general members. When studying social capital and involvement in voluntary associations it is also of interest to take social class into the analysis, because the study shows that people with a lower education had increased social capital when they were members in an association compared to the members with a higher education.

This study was conducted in South Africa among a total of 86 South African adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate self-perceived health among youths from two different socio-economic groups in South Africa, what they believe promote their health and what views they have on school health education. The study used a mixed method approach consisting of quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews. The study draws Aaron Antonovsky’s theory of health, the salutogenic perspective and the sense of coherence theory. In addition, Antonovsky’s 29-item orientation to life questionnaire formed the quantitative part of the study. The main findings of this study is that higher socio-economic status does not necessarily correlate with higher SOC. Family and supportive people had the greatest affect on the adolescents’ ability to cope with stressors and are therefore the main health promoting factors. Finally, health education and the subject Life Orientation, as well as the school as an institution, are health-promoting factors and have in different ways influenced the participants’ views on health.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAROLINE ALVES RESENDE.pdf: 2984449 bytes, checksum: 6eb7cf695a0d51cead25f289d6f86871 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-18 / The failure of economic groups can be granted when there are no actions for development. It is an object of study perform hits from associations of their fur fish that are representative of a project when received adequate support, change the reality of people, dignifying them and making that can contribute in their society, such as case of associations Mato Grosso AMORPEIXE and ARPEIXE. Through research on the spot, with questionnaires and interviews there was a finding that when there are large efforts and support from the beginning of a project in its implementation and the first steps, there is evidence that show the chance of success is greater. The trajectory of the two associations has much in common, are formed by a group of women fishers decided to have income through a by-product of fish, skin, usually called by leather. These women were motivated by the fact that they left their homes and their children to devote to the project had hoped that would change their lives and their families, building opportunity for everyone in the community where they live. Thus, through the support of partners that could offer them training and contribute to the challenges, success was possible. / O insucesso em grupos econômicos pode ser conferido quando não existem ações voltadas para o desenvolvimento. É objeto de estudo apresentar sucessos de associações de aproveitamento da pele do peixe, que exemplificam que um projeto, quando recebido o devido apoio, muda a realidade das pessoas, dignificando-as e fazendo com que contribuam na sociedade em que vivem, como é o caso das associações mato-grossenses AMORPEIXE e ARPEIXE. Através de pesquisa in loco, com aplicação de questionários e entrevistas houve uma constatação de que quando existem amplos esforços e apoio desde o inicio de um projeto, na sua execução e nos primeiros passos, há indicativos que mostram a chance de sucesso ser maior. A trajetória das duas associações tem muito em comum, são formadas por um grupo de mulheres pescadoras que resolveram ter renda através de um subproduto do peixe, a pele, usualmente chamada por couro. Essas mulheres eram motivadas pelo fato de que ao deixarem suas casas e seus filhos para se dedicar ao projeto, tinham a esperança que mudaria suas vidas e a de suas famílias, construindo oportunidade a todos na comunidade em que vivem. Assim, através do apoio de parceiros que pudessem lhes oferecer capacitação e contribuir aos desafios, o sucesso foi possível.

The aim of the thesis is to analyze the situation of school libraries in areas of different socio-economical characteristics within Metropolitan Lima, Peru. I will study how the ScL(s), are affected with regard to organization, resources and services. In this study, I have chosen ten school libraries from different socio-economical conditions. Three of these school libraries are elite private schools and the rest represent the public schools. The empirical study consisted of interviews with persons in charge of the school libraries in each school, interviews with the school principals, interviews with the public officials of the NLP (National Library of Peru) and questionnaires answered by the students. The thesis is also based on observations I have made. The empirical material has been theoretically analysed based on Loertscher’s taxonomies of the school library media program. Loertscher’s taxonomy is used to analyze the ScL’s standard. A major finding of this thesis is that the school libraries of the elite private schools have a high standard, taking an active role in their own operation; with library staffs which are autonomous and well trained, having the ability to make their own decisions. In contrast, the libraries from the public schools have an inferior standard when compared to the private schools. In the ScL(s) from the public schools the students do not have access to computers and the staffs do not have autonomy or access to training.

The thesis is focused on the role of fathers represented in different lifestyle magazines for women. There were selected two kinds of magazine brands for women from different social-economic groups. The representative magazines from higher social-economic groups were chosen Elle, Harper's Bazaar, Cosmopolitan and Marianne. The representative magazines for women from lower social-economic groups were chosen Vlasta, Chvilka pro tebe, Žena a život and Překvapení. There were found only articles which show man as father, including description, in all selected magazines. The terms were generated according to the method of open coding from each article. Then they were merged into superior categories. The final categories served as a tool for describing representation of father, as he had been described in the individual magazines. From individual magazines we moved to the whole groups of magazines, which were designed for the same social-economic groups of women. Differences and similarities in the representations of fathers were found not only between the groups but also inside of the groups themselves. Nevertheless, our work has successfully shown that there were significant differences in the descriptions of the father in the magazines for different social-economic groups of women.

Previous constructivist research was integrated with a field study to investigate the hypothesis that the subjective perceptions of the current social, security and economic situation of the high and low-income groups in South Africa differ to the extent that they could be said to be living in totally different worlds of phenomenological experience. The data demonstrated clear differences when coded in terms of worldviews along an Optimism-Pessimism Continuum. A number of additional processing phenomena and social dynamics able to influence these perceptions were also identified from an interpretative analysis of the data. The results were explained in terms of the cueing and activation of specific schemata constructed from income-related prior experiences associated with each group and led to the conclusion that income and living conditions could well be factors contributing to the ongoing confrontations between government and impoverished communities. A number of recommendations to improve inter-group relations were included. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo da Rocha Ribeiro Dantas.pdf: 1243725 bytes, checksum: 912f444e857040a6798f07d87f7eb15d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper aims to identify the limits of economic groups tax liability in Brazilian Law tax foreclosures. Through the hermeneutic-analytical method, in which Law is constituted by language, it starts with an analysis of the tax constitutional system, checking what features are important for legal taxing relationship. Then a detailed analysis of the passive subjection is made, in which is demonstrated what are the legal beacons that exist for the choice of who will figure in the defendant's tax liability place, reaching in this point the tax liability. At this point, it is shown tax liability existing forms admitted by law, with emphasis on those applicable to economic groups. About these, a study supported in Civil and Business Law is done showing the importance of personal rights, autonomy and creation of legal entity. Then, based on all these facts, an analysis of all forms of tax liability often used in the redirection of tax foreclosures against economic groups is done. The focus is to thereby collaborate with the subject of debate, with a number of conclusions about possible ways to tax passive subjection of those entities and the constitutional and legal limits in fixing these responsibilities / O presente estudo busca identificar os limites da responsabilidade tributária dos grupos econômicos em execuções fiscais no direito brasileiro. Por meio do método hermenêutico-analítico, em que o Direito é visto como um corpo de linguagem, aborda-se o tema partindo-se de uma análise do sistema constitucional tributário, verificando nessa seara quais critérios são importantes na formação da relação jurídico-tributária. Em seguida, faz-se uma análise detalhada da sujeição passiva, em que se demonstram quais as balizas legais que existem na escolha daquele que figurará no polo passivo da obrigação tributária, chegando dessa forma à figura do responsável tributário. Nesse ponto, se apresentam as formas de responsabilidade tributária existentes no ordenamento pátrio, verificando sua aplicabilidade ao caso dos grupos econômicos. Sobre estes, é feito um estudo com suporte em regras de Direito Civil e Empresarial, para demonstrar a importância dos direitos de personalidade, autonomia e formação de pessoas jurídicas. Então, em solo firme, faz-se uma análise de todas as formas de responsabilidade tributária geralmente usadas no redirecionamento de execuções fiscais contra os grupos econômicos e qual forma entende-se correta para tanto. Busca-se, com isso, colaborar com o debate do tema, apresentando uma série de conclusões sobre as possíveis formas de responsabilização daqueles entes e os limites constitucionais e legais na fixação dessas responsabilidades

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2018-02-19T14:54:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Gomes de Lima Neto.pdf: 1696443 bytes, checksum: af1eae302cc9f5c538b99f1f4cf722d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-19T14:54:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Gomes de Lima Neto.pdf: 1696443 bytes, checksum: af1eae302cc9f5c538b99f1f4cf722d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / The analysis of tax liability among companies within the same economic group is this paper’s main objective. In order to do so, it was necessary to analyze the autonomy of the legal entity as a legal principle rooted on the Federal Constitution itself. Based upon this premise, the disregard doctrine was studied, focusing on its characteristics and mentions in national material laws, especially article 50 of the Brazilian Civil Code, which is anchored on the so-called “Greater Theory”. Subsequently, comments are weaved regarding unilateral rights, approaching lapsing and prescription, thus defining the legal nature of the right to require the piercing of the corporate veil, as well as its term. The study of taxpayers was also approached as a matter of constitutional content, developing into an analysis of the general theory of tax liability and the constitutional principles that underlie it, such as: legality, contributive capacity, practicability and the due legal process. Furthermore, the procedural aspects of piercing the corporate veil and its natural consequences in tax execution processes are dealt with, which basically is to redirect the debt from the original debtor to the taxpayer, defending the total enforceability of the Piercing The Corporate Veil Incident from the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure/2015 to Tax Foreclosure Law. In order to do so, case laws were emphasized, also quoting the IRDR from the Federal Regional Court and Ruling PGFN nº 948/2017. Finally, we approach tax liability of companies belonging to the same economic group, highlighting the hierarchy of the Civil Code’s General Tax Laws, as well as the lack of specific norms for the aforementioned liability in the National Tax Code and ordinary legislation, thus establishing its constitutional and infra-constitutional limits / A análise da responsabilidade tributária entre empresas pertencentes ao mesmo grupo econômico se perfaz no objetivo principal deste trabalho. Para tanto, mostrou-se necessário analisar a autonomia da pessoa jurídica enquanto princípio de direito com raízes fincadas na própria Constituição Federal. A partir dessa premissa, estudamos o instituto da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica (disregard doctrine), enfocando suas características, menções pelas leis materiais nacionais, principalmente pelo artigo 50 do Código Civil, que se escora na chamada “Teoria Maior”. Em sequência, tecemos comentários acerca do direito potestativo, da prescrição e da decadência, definindo, com isso, a natureza jurídica do direito ao requerimento da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, bem como de seu prazo. O estudo da sujeição passiva tributária também foi abordado enquanto matéria de conteúdo constitucional, passando-se, então, à analise da teoria geral da responsabilidade tributária e dos princípios constitucionais que lhe dão suporte, a saber: a legalidade, a capacidade contributiva, a praticabilidade e o devido processo legal. Em sequência, tratamos dos aspectos processuais do instituto da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica e de sua consequência natural nos processos de execução fiscal, que é o redirecionamento da dívida do devedor original para o responsável tributário, defendendo a total aplicabilidade da regulamentação do Incidente de Desconsideração da Personalidade Jurídica no CPC/2015 à Lei de Execução Fiscal. Para tanto, enfatizamos o entendimento jurisprudencial sobre a matéria, citando, também, o Incidente de Resolução de Demandas Repetitivas do Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região e a Portaria PGFN nº 948/2017. Enfim, tratamos da responsabilidade tributária das empresas pertencentes ao mesmo grupo econômico, ressaltando a primazia hierárquica das Normas Gerais de Direito tributário sobre o Código Civil, além da ausência de normatização específica da referida responsabilidade no Código Tributário Nacional e legislação ordinária tributária, estabelecendo, assim, seus limites constitucionais e infraconstitucionais

Previous constructivist research was integrated with a field study to investigate the hypothesis that the subjective perceptions of the current social, security and economic situation of the high and low-income groups in South Africa differ to the extent that they could be said to be living in totally different worlds of phenomenological experience. The data demonstrated clear differences when coded in terms of worldviews along an Optimism-Pessimism Continuum. A number of additional processing phenomena and social dynamics able to influence these perceptions were also identified from an interpretative analysis of the data. The results were explained in terms of the cueing and activation of specific schemata constructed from income-related prior experiences associated with each group and led to the conclusion that income and living conditions could well be factors contributing to the ongoing confrontations between government and impoverished communities. A number of recommendations to improve inter-group relations were included. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AngeloMS_TESE.pdf: 3052110 bytes, checksum: e973d8379b3f6f2dd25306ac995bcc9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Este trabalho discute a tem?tica dos grupos econ?micos enquanto empresas capitalistas modernas. Considera-se que em economias de capitalismo tardio como o Brasil, as combina??es de estrat?gias empresariais e pol?ticas de incentivo produtivo possibilitaram o surgimento e sobreviv?ncia de algumas dessas grandes empresas. Parte-se da premissa que os grupos econ?micos tamb?m est?o associados ao processo mais recente de mundializa??o do capital e da constitui??o hist?rica de um sistema dominante de empresas, nascido em territ?rio europeu. Isto significou compreender estrat?gias empresariais, as rela??es entre Estados e empresas e especificidades que marcam alguns grupos econ?micos. O trabalho revela que no Brasil, empresas modernas e competitivas do segmento t?xtil e varejista como a Guararapes Confec??es S.A surgiram da combina??o de estrat?gias empresariais e de sua associa??o ?s pol?ticas de incentivo produtivo, sem prescindir do tra?o do controle e propriedade familiar. Isto ? revelado por meio da an?lise de informa??es p?blicas e oficiais e com a reconstru??o da trajet?ria hist?rica desta organiza??o. O trabalho mostra que o surgimento do grupo econ?mico Guararapes Confec??es S.A est? inicialmente associado ao momento p?s-Segunda Grande Guerra, e a sua constitui??o enquanto grupo econ?mico nacional ?s pol?ticas de incentivo industrial dos anos de 1970. ? discutido nos momentos posteriores a crise corporativa da empresa e os ingredientes de competitividade respons?veis pelo seu processo de moderniza??o. Percebe-se que a Guararapes Confec??es S.A preserva historicamente elementos mercantis e ?teis para acumula??o de capital, como o controle e a propriedade na gest?o familiar. Esses tra?os est?o origem das corpora??es, e se revelaram ?teis para empresas em processo de expans?o e moderniza??o. Isto coloca a grande empresa como um l?cus de poder e de realiza??o de capital, capazes de transcender a mera l?gica corporativa seja produtiva, comercial ou financeira.