Esta pesquisa estuda as políticas públicas em São Bernardo do Campo, no Pós-Guerra, durante o período 1945 – 1964. São abordados, nesse contexto, aspectos do crescimento econômico e urbano da cidade, que faz parte do chamado “ABC Paulista”, região diferenciada no Estado de São Paulo por apresentar intensa industrialização. A ação pública ligada a tais características, tratada como objeto desta pesquisa, revelou-se de tipo bastante tradicional. Ao expressar as convicções políticas da época, fazia com que a política pública não se antecipasse às demandas da população, mas enquadrava-se no ideário otimista que previa um futuro sempre melhor, ao estilo da lógica desenvolvimentista. / This research studies the public policies in São Bernardo do Campo, in the Post-War period (1945 – 1964). Issues from the economic growth and urbanization of the City – which is part of the metropolitan-industrial sub-region of “ABC Paulista” - were studied. The sum of public policies related to these issues, which is the object of this research, revealed itself as being of a traditional kind, not anticipating the real necessities of the people of the countship, besides being always optimistic about the future, incorporating the ideology of Economic Development, under the form of the so called “desenvolvimentismo”.

A acumulação de capital é analisada em meio à busca governamental por inovação tecnológica, no período compreendido entre 1964 e 1985, configurando o crescimento econômico característico do regime militar. A inovação tecnológica esteve subordinada à acumulação de capital e manifestou-se: (a) nas mudanças legislativas e normativas; (b) na elevação da produtividade ou aumento do produto por homem-hora; (c) na diminuição da taxa de emprego e no rebaixamento dos salários. Delfim Netto caracterizava \"inovação tecnológica\" como uma \"maneira de capturar tudo aquilo que os modelos de crescimento econômico não abordaram\". São ainda apresentadas, de forma cronológica, as principais leis criadas para o funcionamento econômico, junto com as ações desencadeadas pelos agentes econômicos no período. Analisa-se o comportamento econômico brasileiro por meio de um conjunto de estatísticas sobre: (a) o mecanismo de poupança-investimento; (b) o mecanismo de inflação-distribuição de renda; (c) a deterioração do comércio exterior e (d) o processo de endividamento. Discute-se ao final, a ascensão e queda de um modelo que correlacionava positivamente autoritarismo e crescimento, mostrando não haver relação direta entre a primeira e a segunda idéia, visto que o autoritarismo não produziu apenas desenvolvimento financeiro, mas antes intensificou a dominação social. / Acumulation of capital is here approached in the government search for technological innovation, as occurred in the period comprising 1964 to 1985. This shapes the type of economic growth obtained by the local military regimen at that time. Moves to technological innovation were subordinated to de accumulation of capital as follows: (a) induced changes in laws and government rules; (b) Rises on productivity or increased output per man-hour; (c) relative decrease in employment rates wages lowering. The minister then at office Delfim Netto characterized \"technological innovation\" as the way \"to capture everything that evades the observation of a growth model\". An attempt is made to bring in chronological order the main legal changes implemented by listing them when referred to economic drift, as well as actions from the economic subjects in that period. Finally a discussion is made of the relations between authoritarianism and economic growth, putting clear the non necessary character of those as positive correlation. In fact, local authoritarianism produced not only financial development, but also reinforced social domination.

O processo de modernização dos mercados financeiros e de capitais no período compreendido entre 1964 e 2004 é analisado em detalhes, bem como sua correlação com o crescimento econômico brasileiro. São apresentadas, de forma cronológica, as ações desencadeadas durante o período de quarenta anos, pelas autoridades econômicas e pelo Congresso Nacional, para a regulamentação e normatização dos mercados financeiros e de capitais. Na seqüência se analisa de modo detalhado o comportamento da economia brasileira durante todo o período, por meio de um conjunto de estatísticas que mostram os diferentes aspectos macroeconômicos. Esta análise é complementada pelo estudo do comportamento das principais variáveis do mercado financeiro e do mercado de capitais. Discute-se, por fim, a questão teórica das relações entre o desenvolvimento financeiro e o crescimento econômico, mostrando que existe uma relação direta entre o primeiro e o segundo, na medida em que o desenvolvimento financeiro gera crescimento econômico / This dissertation analyses the process of modernization of the Brazilian financial and capital markets and its correlation to the growth and development of the Brazilian economy during the period 1964 to 2004. This dissertation also describes in a chronological fashion, for the past four decades, the policies implemented by the Brazilian economic authorities as well as the ones approved by the Brazilian Congress aimed at establishing the rules and regulations for the Brazilian financial and capital markets. Moreover, the evolution of the Brazilian economy for this period is discussed. A substantial amount of economic data is used to study the different macroeconomic changes that took place during the period under study. Finally, this dissertation elaborates and adds to the theoretical discussion: as to whether or not there is a relationship between economic growth and financial development. This dissertation shows that there is direct relationship between the two, since financial development generates economic growth

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-25T15:28:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrieldiasdasilva.pdf: 1029154 bytes, checksum: 750edf31943af2ea6251279e441ac424 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T16:36:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrieldiasdasilva.pdf: 1029154 bytes, checksum: 750edf31943af2ea6251279e441ac424 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T16:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gabrieldiasdasilva.pdf: 1029154 bytes, checksum: 750edf31943af2ea6251279e441ac424 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Desde a década de 1950, quando Albert O. Hirschman propôs como estratégia de crescimento econômico o estabelecimento de ligações intersetoriais, houve grandes alterações na estrutura das economias nacionais e mundial. Enquanto que em alguns países de menor renda per capita foram seguidos planos para o desenvolvimento industrial, nos países mais ricos observou-se processos de desindustrialização e crescimento de importância dos serviços. Seguindo essa contextualização, esse trabalho busca avaliar as possíveis relações que o total de interconexões dentro de uma economia poderia ter com variáveis como o tamanho do PIB per capita e sua taxa de crescimento. A principal hipótese a ser testada é a de que ao criar interconexões setoriais para atingir o crescimento, os países de maior renda per capita teriam valores totais mais elevados para essa variável. Para este fim, será usado o método do autovetor, de Dietzenbacher (1992), que permite calcular de forma agregada o total de ligações entre setores de um país. Assim, foi construída a medida agregada de ligações (MAL) totais, entre os setores primários, entre os setores industriais e dos setores de serviços com o restante da economia. Como forma de se extrair padrões mais difíceis de serem observados visualmente, foram aplicadas técnicas de análise de agrupamentos sobre os resultados. A realização desses métodos foi possível pela disponibilidade dos dados de insumo-produto padronizados para 40 países entre os anos de 1995 e 2011 pelo projeto World Input-Output Database (WIOD). As conclusões apontam para a existência de relação positiva entre as interconexões dentro das manufaturas e o crescimento do PIB per capita, e das ligações dos setores de serviços com o nível de PIB per capita. Por outro lado, não foi possível associar a MAL total de um país com o tamanho de seu PIB per capita. Dentre as possíveis justificativas para isso, destaca-se a perda de participação relativa da indústria nos países de mais alta renda, em especial pelo processo de segmentação da produção, pelo qual setores intermediários domésticos se reorientam para outros países. / Since the decade of 1950, when Albert O. Hirschman proposed the establishment of intersectoral linkages as strategy for the economic growth, major changes have happened in the structures of the national and global economies. While in some countries with lower per capita GDP plans for industrial development were followed, the richer countries passed by processes of deindustrialization and gain of relevance of the services. Following this contextualization, this essay tries to assess the possible relations that the total of interconnections inside an economy could have with some variables as the per capita GDP size or its growth. The major hypothesis to be tested is that by using the creation of linkages to reach economic growth, countries with higher per capita GDP would have bigger values in this variable. To this end, it will be used the eigenvector method from Dietzenbacher (1992), which allows to calculate the total of the aggregate linkages between sectors inside a country. Thereby, the total aggregate linkages measure (MAL) was built, as well as the MAL for inside the primary sectors, inside the industrial sectors and from the service sectors with the remainder of the economy. As a way to extract patterns which are more difficult to be visually observed, there were applied clusters analysis techniques on the results. The realization of these methods was possible due to the availability of input-output data for 40 countries between the years of 1995 and 2011 by the World Input-Output Database (WIOD). The conclusions point to the existence of positive correlations between the manufacturer linkages and the growth of the per capita GDP, and from the service sectors interconnections and the size of the per capita GDP. On the other hand, it was not possible to associate the total MAL in a country and its scale of per capita GDP. As a possible explanation, it is highlighted the relative loss in participation of the industries in the countries with bigger income, in special by the production segmentation process, by which the domestic intermediate sectors drive themselves to other countries.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-28T18:42:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 erikacristinabarbosadealmeidaribeiro.pdf: 2342204 bytes, checksum: caab9b5c550c7f518fb3a4b82e3eae50 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-30T13:39:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 erikacristinabarbosadealmeidaribeiro.pdf: 2342204 bytes, checksum: caab9b5c550c7f518fb3a4b82e3eae50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T13:39:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 erikacristinabarbosadealmeidaribeiro.pdf: 2342204 bytes, checksum: caab9b5c550c7f518fb3a4b82e3eae50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-15 / Diversos trabalhos discutem a existência de convergência de renda. O trabalho seminal de Baumol (1986) aponta que as regiões convergiriam em renda de maneira absoluta. Por outro lado, outros estudos como o de Barro e Sala-i-Martin (1992) não encontram evidências de convergência absoluta. Mankiw et al (1992) sugerem que a convergência se daria de forma condicional, ou seja, cada região convergiria para o seu próprio steady state, dadas suas características específicas. A partir desse conceito de convergência condicional, torna-se interessante construir modelos locais onde cada economia possua seus próprios parâmetros. Com base nesses modelos, é possível fornecer informações sobre o coeficiente β de cada região e, assim, descobrir se cada região está convergindo ou não, bem como conhecer sua velocidade de convergência e meia-vida. Dessa forma, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a convergência de renda per capita local entre os municípios brasileiros para o período de 1999-2005. Com o objetivo de estender o período em estudo, também será analisado o processo de convergência absoluta local entre as Áreas Mínimas Comparáveis (AMC), de 1980 a 2007. Para isso, será utilizada a metodologia de Regressões Ponderadas Geograficamente (RPG) adaptada a modelos econométricos-espaciais locais que possibilita a incorporação de elementos referentes a efeitos espaciais, como dependência e heterogeneidade. Por fim, busca-se também analisar se a carga tributária, as despesas municipais e os royalties de petróleo estariam influenciando processo de crescimento econômico. Os principais resultados apontam que o PIB per capita inicial afeta de maneira específica a taxa de crescimento de cada município e de cada área mínima comparável (AMC) e, conseqüentemente, pode-se dizer que cada região apresenta suas específicas velocidades de convergência e meia-vida. Ademais, os resultados também indicam que os impactos do Fundo de Participação Municipal, da carga tributária e dos royalties de petróleo variam entre os municípios brasileiros no período de análise. / Several works discuss the existence of income convergence. The seminal work of Baumol (1986) noted that regions converge in income in an absolute way. Moreover, other studies, such as Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1992), find no evidence of absolute convergence. Mankiw et al (1992) suggest that convergence would take place conditionally, i.e. each region would converge to its own steady state, given its specific characteristics. From this concept of conditional convergence, it becomes interesting to develop models where each economy has its own parameters. Based on these models, it is possible to provide information about the coefficient β of each region and, thus, discover if that each region is converging or not, and know its convergence speed and half-life. Thus, this study aims to analyze the local convergence of per capita income among the Brazilians cities for the period 2000-2005. Aiming to extend the period under study, also will analyze the local absolute convergence process between the “Áreas Mínimas Comparáveis” (AMC), from 1970 to 2007. For this, will be used the methodology of Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), adapted to local spatial-econometric models that allows the incorporation of elements related to spatial effects, such as dependency and heterogeneity. Finally, this study seeks to verify whether the taxes, municipal expenditures and royalties influence both the process of economic growth and the local income convergence. The results indicate that the GDP per capita affects the growth rate of each municipality and each area (AMC) in a specifically way and, therefore, it can be said that each region has its specific convergence rate and half-life. Moreover, the results also indicate that the impacts of Fundo de Participação Municipal, of the tax and of oil royalties vary between municipalities.

The dissertation research will comprise three essays on the topic of the resource curse hypothesis and its mechanisms. The phenomenon of low economic growth in resource-rich regions is recognized as the “resource curse”. These essays will contribute to an understanding of the regional resource-growth relation within a nation. Essay one tests the resource curse hypothesis at the U.S. state level. With a system of equations model, I decompose the overall resource effect to account for the two leading explanations — crowding-out and institution effects, thus investigate whether the institutions mediate the crowding-out effects. I did not find evidence of an overall negative effect on growth by resource wealth. Both the crowding-out and institution appear present, but they offset: the resource boom crowds out industrial investments, but good institutions mitigate the overall effect. Resources do reduce growth in states with low-quality institutions, including Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. Essay two compares the effects of resource revenues on the economic growth and growth-related factors across Chinese provinces and American states, using panel data from 1990 to 2015. With the Instrumental Variable (IV) strategy, I show that regions with higher resource revenues grow faster than other regions in both China and the U.S. The positive resource effect is larger and more statistically significant in the U.S. Further testing impacts of three resource-related policies in China, e.g. the market price reform, the fiscal reform, and the Western Development Strategy, I show that the market price reform together with the privatization process on coal resources contribute the positive resource effect in China. Though strong and positive resource – growth relations appear in both countries, evidence also suggests consistent negative resource effects on certain growth-related factors in both countries, such as educational attainments and R&D activities. Essay three explores the schooling response to the oil and gas boom, taking advantage of timing and spatial variation in oil and gas well drilling activities. Development of cost-reducing technologies at the time of higher crude oil and natural gas prices in the early 2000s has accelerated shale oil and gas extraction in the United States. I show that intensive drilling activities have decreased grade 11 and 12 enrollment over the 14 year study window − approximately 36 fewer students per county on average and overall, 41,760 fewer students across the 15 states enrolled considered in the analysis. On average, with one additional oil or gas well drilled per thousand initial laborers, grade 11 and 12 enrollment would decrease 0.24 percent at the county level, all else equal. I investigate heterogeneous effects and show that the implied effect of the boom is larger in states with a younger compulsory schooling age requirement (16 years of age instead of 17 or 18), lower state-level effective tax rate on oil and gas productions, traditional mining, non-metro, and persistent poverty counties.

Abstract The purpose of the thesis has been to investigate the relation between human capital and economic growth in developing countries around the world. The main research question is how the human capital impact on the economic growth in developing countries during the period of 2010 -2015.The world is mainly divided into two major groups, which are Developed & Developing countries, as well as poor & rich countries. In this thesis mainly concern only developing and poor countries and their role of the economic growth. The key factors of economic growth are GDP/capita, per capita income, birth rate, death rate, population growth rate, life expectancy at birth, working age population, education, literacy rate and investment in technology. The world is populated day by day such has never been before. In the past history it look back to 123 years to increased from one billion to two billion from 1804 to 1927.Then, next billion took 33 years. The following two billions took 14 years and 13 years, respectively (Ray, Development Economics).             The data has been taken from the Developing countries around the world which is taken a cross sectional data set and data has been analysed with multiple liner regressions model with ordinary least squares (OLS). For this purpose which applied the difference tools & theory which are human capital and technology development, economic growth, norms, externalities and human social capital.   The previous studies is examined the most important factors of economic development that is economic growth and human capital investment. Similarly, the theoretical discussion is described the Solow model, human capital theory, technological progress, demographic transition and social capital. For examine the data is divided into two groups which are dependent and independent variables. Economic growth GDP/capita, GDP/capita growth rate are dependent variable and Ln. GDP initial, life expectancy at birth, population growth rate, education, working age population and investment in technology are independent variables.   This analysis shows the majority of the variables in the study have positive significant relation to the GDP/capita growth. This result furthermore support the developing countries provides insight on the world economic development status towards the independents variables.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The 1996 Singapore Ministerial Declaration refocused attention in the international community on the idea of non-reciprocal system of trade preferences as a means of development assistance. Authors of the initiative had hoped that such policy would among others, help promote industrial exports and facilitate sustainable development in developing countries. However, this happened against the background that previous schemes could not be particularly associated with any form of sustainable export successes that were usually contemplated and expected from beneficiaries. In view of the developmental implications of this renewed focus, the imperativeness of an reconsideration of the economics of the programme cannot be overemphasized. While extant trade preference studies have made important contributions to our understanding of their effectiveness, the limited focus of research on direct impact like, static increases in exports, foreign direct investment (FDI) and employments does not seem to provide satisfactory assessment. Very often, the expected indirect or dynamic impact on productivity improvements needed to strengthen competitive capacities and make gains (export performance) sustainable is neglected. In this study an attempt is made to address this issue. The main objective of the research is therefore to analyse the relationship between nonreciprocal system of trade preferences and industrial export performance sustainability in beneficiary countries. This is accomplished by utilising a new analytical insight from the global production network literature. The advantages of this analytical departure lie not just in the fact that it allows us to accommodate the dynamic dimension of impact assessment into the study framework, but also helps reflect the concerns of globalisation advocates in the contemporary analysis of development issues. These advocates argue that research on economic development in general and industrial development in particular in the new era of global capitalism must as a matter of necessity, be informed by the literature on globalisation. After conceptualising an analytical model which has both static and dynamic dimension, it is then applied and tested for the US African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) Trade Initiative of 2000. Lesotho’s apparel export under the scheme serves as the case study for this investigation. Results of the econometric estimation for the static impact assessment reveal that AGOA has been effective in stimulating Lesotho apparel exports to the US market. The dynamic impact assessment dimension is carried out within the context of the debate on economic growth and convergence. Specifically, it is argued that the conditions necessary for export performance to be sustainable require that national social-capability in a beneficiary economy be adequate and sufficient. The estimated regression confirms this hypothesis for the reference case study. Overall, the dissertation has shown that research in economics can benefit from analytical insights borrowed from other disciplines. More important however, is the study’s contribution to the trade policy debate on the impact of trade preferences on export development. On one hand, the static impact analysis addresses a key gap in existing works which seems to place so much emphasis on aggregated national level data and cross-country regression as bases for empirical evidence. By utilising disaggregated firm level data for a specific country, analysis here finds relevance in the continuing policy debate on trade preference impact assessment. On the other hand, the dynamic aspect of the analytical model has not only helped us to shift the frontier of knowledge beyond its current static boundary, but also to inform the debate on economic growth and convergence. As efforts to unravel the puzzle over the non-convergence of cross-country growth performances continue to flourish, findings here lend credence to the hypothesis that social capability matters for economic performance of nations.

Magister Legum - LLM

Magister Legum - LLM