Diss. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003.

The service sector in the world economy is growing and becomes increasingly important. It is widely recognised that the success and vitality of the service sector are the essential factors in measuring an economy’s progress, its quality and its future. Improving service quality is therefore considered an essential strategy for success and survival in today’s competitive economic environment. Small businesses are equally important for a country’s economy. They play an important role in the economic and social development of countries. The correct location for small businesses can contribute to their success and, many consider shopping centres as a good location for their businesses. The landlords however, have a huge impact on small business tenants’ success in shopping centres. Although landlords of shopping centres realise the importance of accommodating small independent businesses in their centres, it is argued that they are at a competitive disadvantage regarding the service they receive in comparison with that of bigger anchor tenants. There are several research studies on the measurement of service quality in several service sectors, but none has addressed the quality of service rendered by landlords of shopping centres to their small business tenants. The purpose of this study is to measure the perceived service quality that small business tenants in shopping centres receive from landlords. The study will also determine whether the existing SERVPERF and FAIRSERV service quality models will be suitable to measure the service quality that landlords render to small business tenants. The findings of the empirical study have revealed that small business tenants in shopping centres are in general dissatisfied with the service that they receive from their landlords. Factor analysis was done to determine the factors or dimensions of service quality that small business tenants deemed as important. From this study it became clear that small business tenants in shopping centres are concerned about mainly two aspects of the service they receive from landlords, namely intangible aspects as well as marketing and tangible aspects. This study has therefore proved that the five dimensions of SERVPERF and the one dimension of FAIRSERV cannot be applied directly to measure the perceived service quality that small business tenants receive from their landlords. The One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also executed to illustrate statistical differences between various variables. The contribution of this study to the science, as well as its possible limitations and areas for future research, is also discussed. This study further shows that, although small business tenants are dissatisfied with the service they receive from landlords, they have indicated that they will stay on as tenants in the centres. The reason for this is that it is simply too expensive for them to move to another location and also because shopping centres are good locations for their businesses. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Business Management / unrestricted

The role that South Africa has played in international affairs has grown immensely since the first democratic elections that were held in April 2004. The country’s commitments in international affairs are guided by its foreign policy which is based on ensuring an equitable share of global decision-making between the countries of the north and south, and the economic and social development of the African continent. These foreign policy objectives have created a lot of capacity challenges on the South African Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) which is mandated to guide the formulation and implementation of South Africa’s foreign policy. In this study, the South African’s foreign policy objectives and its institutions responsible for implementing its foreign policy are discussed. Furthermore, the challenges that the country’s diplomats encounter in the global context in the implementation of the country’s foreign policy objectives are explored, especially the capacity required to successfully execute their mandate. The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), which is tasked with providing training to public administrators identified for Foreign Service, especially the content of its training programmes are the focus of this study. The data presented in this thesis are mainly derived from interview responses to a questionnaire that was developed for the purpose of this research study. The questionnaire was completed by individuals in the country’s Foreign Service (FS) who attended the FSI training programme and have been assigned to their first posting. Findings of this study indicate that the FSI training programme, in its current format, fall short of achieving its intended objective of equipping South African diplomats with the relevant diplomatic skills that are necessary for the effective and efficient execution of the country’s foreign policy. It is, therefore, recommended that FSI training programme be remodelled to address the actual challenges that the country’s diplomats face and thus emphasise the development of a uniquely South African training programme. This study concludes with recommendations for the DFA action on the future development of a remodelled FSI training programme for the FS, with the aim of enabling the institution to address public administration skills required for the successful implementation of the country’s foreign policy objectives. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted

Diss.--Fakultät für Geschichtswissenschaft--Bochum--Ruhr-Universität, 1989.

Esta dissertação visa estudar a indústria do gás natural da Venezuela a partir da Teoria Marxista da Dependência (TMD). Mudanças estruturais acontecem nesse país desde o início do século XXI, e esse processo não pode ser entendido sem se observar o papel fundamental da energia. O termo energia refere-se, neste trabalho, ao petróleo e gás natural. O primeiro tem sido o responsável pela penetração do capital estrangeiro no país e o segundo foi historicamente tratado como subproduto da indústria petroleira. A principal mudança nessa perspectiva foi introduzida pelo atual processo político, que usa ambos os recursos como instrumento para superar a relação de subordinação aos países industrializados. Portanto, objetiva-se analisar, com base na TMD, se, dada uma ampliação da indústria do gás natural da Venezuela estarão presentes os elementos capazes de promover uma ruptura com a forma subordinada em que se inseriu o país na economia mundial. Entende-se essa ampliação como um projeto nacional que procura a diversificação da economia e a conquista do desenvolvimento, entendido nos termos expostos pela TMD. Para facilitar o uso da TMD, foram selecionados três de seus expoentes, a saber: Vânia Bambirra, Theotônio dos Santos, e Ruy Mauro Marini. No que concerne à indústria do gás natural, a mesma foi avaliada seguindo parâmetros estabelecidos no Programa de Massificação do Uso do Gás Natural da Petrobras (2004). Por fim, foram contrastados os segmentos da cadeia produtiva do gás avaliados com os parâmetros da TMD, permitindo, por um lado, elucidar o processo que contribuiu para o subdesenvolvimento no país, e, por outro, avaliar o potencial dos atuais planos da IGN para estimular a industrialização nacional e a integração regional. / This document aims to study the Venezuelan natural gas industry using the Marxist Dependency Theory (MDT). Structural changes have been occurring in this country since the early twenty-first century, and those transitions cannot be understood without observing the fundamental energys role. The term \"energy\" refers, in this research, to oil and natural gas. The first one has been responsible for the foreign capital penetration in the country and, the second has been historically treated only as an oil industry derivate. The main change in this perspective was motivated by the current political process, which uses both resources as a tool for overcoming the subordinated relationship with the industrialized countries. Therefore, the objective is to analyze, based on MDT, if an expansion of Venezuela\'s natural gas industry will change the subordinated Venezuelan role in the global economy. This expansion is understood as a \"national project\", which looks for economic diversification and achievement of development, understood in the MDTs terms. To make easier to use the MDT, three exponents was selected: Vania Bambirra, Theotônio dos Santos, and Ruy Mauro Marini. The assessing for the natural gas industry expansion follows the parameters stablished in the National Gasification Program of Petrobras (2004). Finally, the segments of the productive gas chain was contrasted with the MDT parameters, allowing to understand the process that contributed to the country underdevelopment and, evaluating the potential of current plans in natural gas industry for stimulating national industrialization and regional integration.

Thesis (M.Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2011 / The mining sector in South Africa has enjoyed decades of profiteering and unchecked neglect of developmental needs of surrounding communities. Most of the communities surrounding South African mines are therefore synonymous with social problems that include poverty, poor health, unemployment, adult illiteracy, poor housing, family disorganization and high influx of unaccompanied migrant labour. On the contrary, mining is presented as the paradigm of wealth in particular when dealing with gold and diamond mining, while its marketing conceals its terrible social and environmental consequences. However mining is responsible for such impacts and many others. This study looks at the socio-economic impact of mining on community development in Greater Tubatse Municipal area located in Limpopo Province, South Africa. From the interviews conducted and questionnaires administered to sampled community members and workers of the platinum mine in Greater Tubatse Municipality, it emerged that the existence of mining companies in the area has done little to uplift the lives of the people in terms of socioeconomic development. The study makes recommendations on how the situation can be improved so that the population living in the area can benefit from the work carried out by mining companies.

Esta dissertação visa estudar a indústria do gás natural da Venezuela a partir da Teoria Marxista da Dependência (TMD). Mudanças estruturais acontecem nesse país desde o início do século XXI, e esse processo não pode ser entendido sem se observar o papel fundamental da energia. O termo energia refere-se, neste trabalho, ao petróleo e gás natural. O primeiro tem sido o responsável pela penetração do capital estrangeiro no país e o segundo foi historicamente tratado como subproduto da indústria petroleira. A principal mudança nessa perspectiva foi introduzida pelo atual processo político, que usa ambos os recursos como instrumento para superar a relação de subordinação aos países industrializados. Portanto, objetiva-se analisar, com base na TMD, se, dada uma ampliação da indústria do gás natural da Venezuela estarão presentes os elementos capazes de promover uma ruptura com a forma subordinada em que se inseriu o país na economia mundial. Entende-se essa ampliação como um projeto nacional que procura a diversificação da economia e a conquista do desenvolvimento, entendido nos termos expostos pela TMD. Para facilitar o uso da TMD, foram selecionados três de seus expoentes, a saber: Vânia Bambirra, Theotônio dos Santos, e Ruy Mauro Marini. No que concerne à indústria do gás natural, a mesma foi avaliada seguindo parâmetros estabelecidos no Programa de Massificação do Uso do Gás Natural da Petrobras (2004). Por fim, foram contrastados os segmentos da cadeia produtiva do gás avaliados com os parâmetros da TMD, permitindo, por um lado, elucidar o processo que contribuiu para o subdesenvolvimento no país, e, por outro, avaliar o potencial dos atuais planos da IGN para estimular a industrialização nacional e a integração regional. / This document aims to study the Venezuelan natural gas industry using the Marxist Dependency Theory (MDT). Structural changes have been occurring in this country since the early twenty-first century, and those transitions cannot be understood without observing the fundamental energys role. The term \"energy\" refers, in this research, to oil and natural gas. The first one has been responsible for the foreign capital penetration in the country and, the second has been historically treated only as an oil industry derivate. The main change in this perspective was motivated by the current political process, which uses both resources as a tool for overcoming the subordinated relationship with the industrialized countries. Therefore, the objective is to analyze, based on MDT, if an expansion of Venezuela\'s natural gas industry will change the subordinated Venezuelan role in the global economy. This expansion is understood as a \"national project\", which looks for economic diversification and achievement of development, understood in the MDTs terms. To make easier to use the MDT, three exponents was selected: Vania Bambirra, Theotônio dos Santos, and Ruy Mauro Marini. The assessing for the natural gas industry expansion follows the parameters stablished in the National Gasification Program of Petrobras (2004). Finally, the segments of the productive gas chain was contrasted with the MDT parameters, allowing to understand the process that contributed to the country underdevelopment and, evaluating the potential of current plans in natural gas industry for stimulating national industrialization and regional integration.

Dans cette thèse, nous développons une réflexion sur la contribution des femmes au développement économique et social, notamment dans les pays en développement. Nous mettons l’accent d’une part sur les difficultés qu’affrontent les femmes et qui empêchent leur participation active à l’économie, d’autre part sur l'importance pour le développement de l'insertion des femmes dans la production. Malgré la rapide augmentation du niveau d'éducation des femmes et de leur participation au marché du travail, beaucoup d’entre elles restent victimes de discriminations professionnelles. Le salaire des femmes reste inférieur à celui des hommes pour un même travail. L’entrée des femmes sur le marché du travail a des conséquences sur toutes les sphères de la vie économique et sociale. Le travail salarié des femmes accélère la croissance et le travail favorise la sortie de la pauvreté. La thèse comporte deux parties. La première partie présente les inégalités entre les femmes et les hommes en matière d’éducation, de salaire, de travail et de chômage. Elle se concentre essentiellement sur le rôle de travail salarié des femmes dans le développement économique et social. La deuxième partie complète la première partie par des tests statistiques. Le premier test mesure les facteurs principaux des difficultés des femmes et la relation entre le niveau de développement d’un pays et le degré d’égalité entre hommes et femmes. Le deuxième test mesure les relations entre les activités économiques des femmes et la croissance économique. Il apparaît que les gains dus à la participation des femmes à l'activité économique sont plus importants lors de l'émergence des économies comparativement à ce qu'il / In this thesis, we develop a reflection on the contribution of the women to economic and social development, in particular in the developing countries. We focus on the one hand on the difficulties that the women face and which prevent their active participation in economy, on the other hand on the importance of the policies of insertion of the women in the saleable output for the development. In spite of the fast increase in the level of education of the women and their rate of participation at the job market, most between them remain victims of professional discriminations. The wages of the women are still lower than for men for the same work. The entry of the women on the job market has consequences on all the aspects of the economic and social life. The paid work of the women accelerates the growth and supports the exit of the poverty. There are two parts in this thesis. The first part presents the inequalities between women and men concerning education, wages, work and unemployment. It focuses primarily on the role of women’s paid work in the development of the developing countries. The second part will supplement the first part by two statistical tests. The first test measures the principal factors of women’s difficulties and the relation between the level of development of a country and the degree of equality between men and women. The second test measures the relations between women’s economic activities and the economic growth. It appears that the improvements of the economic activity due to participation of women are more important during the emergence of the economies than they are in industrialized economies. The opening of the economic world and social to th

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JONATHAN AUGUSTO SOUSA E SILVA.pdf: 621649 bytes, checksum: 25051d752ef9b16226a65158ec3ed8a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / This work analyses the Individual Limited Liability Company in order to demonstrate their importance for ensuring economic and social development of the country. The dissertation discusses briefly the evolution of trade and the lawful system the principles governing the right business. It addresses the constitutional principle and the social function of the company and its repercussions in the social sphere including the analysis of legal provisions and bills in progress, in order to show that free enterprise plays an important role in society and the social function of the company is a principle that guides the exercise of business activity to the realization of social justice. It analyzes the reasons that led to the creation of the Individual Limited Liability Company, thorough Law n°. 12.411- 2011 as well as the lawful requirements for it s constitution, the limitations arising form the law and simplified tax regime and their extinction. It highlights the importance of the Individual Limited Liability Company for economic and social development of the country, provided it complies with is social function, carrying out their activities in line with the provision in article 170, of the Federal Constitution. This research was the theoretical framework Alexy s teaching on fundamental rights and the great economic work of Smith. / Este trabalho analisa a Empresa Individual de Responsabilidade Limitada com o objetivo de demonstrar a sua importância para a efetivação do desenvolvimento econômico e social do país. A dissertação analisa de forma sucinta a evolução do comércio e do ordenamento jurídico que versa sobre o tema, além dos princípios que regem o direito empresarial. Aborda-se o princípio constitucional da função social da empresa e as suas repercussões no âmbito social, inclusive com a análise de dispositivos legais e projetos de lei em tramitação, com a finalidade de evidenciar que a livre iniciativa cumpre um papel relevante na sociedade e que a função social da empresa é um princípio que orienta o exercício da atividade empresarial à realização da justiça social. Analisa os motivos que levaram a criação da Empresa Individual de Responsabilidade Limitada, por meio da Lei nº. 12.411-2011, bem como os requisitos legais para a sua constituição, as limitações decorrentes da lei, o regime tributário simplificado e a sua extinção. Evidencia-se a importância da Empresa Individual de Responsabilidade Limitada para o desenvolvimento econômico e social do país, desde que cumpra com a sua função social, exercendo suas atividades em consonância com a previsão contida no artigo 170, da Constituição Federal. A presente pesquisa teve como referencial teórico os ensinamentos de Alexy sobre os direitos fundamentais e a grande obra econômica de Smith.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristianne Macedo.pdf: 705142 bytes, checksum: 85ec1fecd1e78bf409c53c34cfcf0c99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-10 / The transportation infrastructure represents a significant role in the logistics process of a given region, for impacts on transportation costs, resulting in barriers to economic and social development. When a company decides to set up a production unit, one of the main criteria is analyzed the situation of local infrastructure of transportation available. The better the infrastructure, the greater the likelihood of attracting new investments. Therefore, the infrastructure can be considered as critical for maintaining the competitiveness of a country or region, which may indicate their level of development. In Brazil, the situation of its highways, railways, waterways and air transport collaborate so that it is classified as a country still in development. In addition, Brazil also has specific geographic, such as the state of Amazonas, where its long rivers, the flow of production become more complex. Given these facts, it is essential to understand how public policies for water transport cargo logistics bottlenecks contribute in the state of Amazonas. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct an assessment of public policies on infrastructure investments in water transportation of cargo by analyzing their contribution to the logistics process in the state of Amazonas. In this sense, we sought to analyze the infrastructure investments in water transportation of cargo in the state of Amazonas and evaluate its relationship with indicators of economic and social development. According to the results obtained, it is found that the concentration of investments in railroads does not mitigate the problems of product flow along the river. The waterway infrastructure is still poor and in need of investment to meet economic and social development of the region / A infraestrutura de transporte representa um papel significativo no processo logístico de determinada região, pois impacta nos custos de transportes, acarretando entraves para o desenvolvimento econômico e social. Quando uma empresa decide instalar uma unidade produtiva, um dos principais critérios analisados é a situação da infraestrutura local de transporte disponível. Quanto melhor for a infraestrutura, maior a probabilidade de atrair novos investimentos. Por isso, a infraestrutura pode ser considerada como elemento crucial para a manutenção da competitividade de um país ou região, podendo indicar seu patamar de desenvolvimento. No caso do Brasil, a situação de suas rodovias, ferrovias, hidrovias e transporte aéreo colaboram para que o mesmo seja classificado como país ainda em desenvolvimento. Além disso, o Brasil também apresenta especificidades geográficas, tais como no estado do Amazonas, onde seus extensos rios, tornam o escoamento da produção mais complexo. Diante de tais fatos, tornar-se imprescindível entender como as políticas públicas de transporte hidroviário de cargas contribuem nos gargalos logísticos no estado do Amazonas. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico sobre as políticas públicas de investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte hidroviário de cargas, analisando sua contribuição para o processo logístico no estado do Amazonas. Neste sentido, buscou-se analisar os investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte hidroviário de cargas no estado do Amazonas e avaliar sua relação com os indicadores de desenvolvimento econômico e social. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se verificar que a concentração de investimentos no modal rodoviário não atenua os problemas de escoamento da produção ribeirinha. A infraestrutura hidroviária ainda é precária e necessita de investimentos para atender ao desenvolvimento econômico e social da região