Atualmente, a ciência econômica tem aplicado conceitos e teorias na questão ambiental para melhor utilização dos recursos naturais, visando ao desenvolvimento sustentável, ou seja, garantir que as futuras gerações igualmente possam dispor do meio ambiente. A economia possui ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas na gestão hídrica, para otimizar o uso da água e preservar o meio ambiente. A experiência internacional tem demonstrado a utilização de importantes instrumentos econômicos de políticas públicas para a gestão dos recursos hídricos, com inegável efetividade. O Estado de Roraima, localizado na Amazônia e com grande patrimônio ambiental e abundantes corpos de água, tem o dever de cuidar melhor de seus recursos naturais. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar alguns instrumentos econômicos de políticas públicas, criados pela legislação federal e estadual, e aplicáveis ao Estado de Roraima. O método de estudo baseia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, abordando pesquisas empíricas sobre o tema. Conclui-se que, dos instrumentos disponíveis, apenas a outorga do direito de uso foi implementada, e os outros mecanismos, principalmente a cobrança pelo uso da água, tem sido negligenciado pelas políticas públicas estaduais. / Nowadays, economic science has applied concepts and theories in environmental issues for the better use of natural resources, aiming at sustainable development, i.e. ensuring that future generations can also have the environment. The economy has tools that can be used in water management to optimize water use and preserve the environment. International experience has demonstrated the important use of economic instruments of public policy for the management of water resources, with undeniable effectiveness. The Roraima State, located in the Amazon and with major environmental heritage and abundant water bodies, has a duty to take better care of their natural resources. This dissertation aims to analyze some economic instruments of public policy, created by federal and state laws, and applicable to the state of Roraima. The study method is based on documentary and bibliographical research, empirical research addressing the issue. We conclude that the instruments available, only granting the right of use was implemented, and other mechanisms, especially the charge for water use, has been neglected by the state public policies.

Atualmente, a ciência econômica tem aplicado conceitos e teorias na questão ambiental para melhor utilização dos recursos naturais, visando ao desenvolvimento sustentável, ou seja, garantir que as futuras gerações igualmente possam dispor do meio ambiente. A economia possui ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas na gestão hídrica, para otimizar o uso da água e preservar o meio ambiente. A experiência internacional tem demonstrado a utilização de importantes instrumentos econômicos de políticas públicas para a gestão dos recursos hídricos, com inegável efetividade. O Estado de Roraima, localizado na Amazônia e com grande patrimônio ambiental e abundantes corpos de água, tem o dever de cuidar melhor de seus recursos naturais. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar alguns instrumentos econômicos de políticas públicas, criados pela legislação federal e estadual, e aplicáveis ao Estado de Roraima. O método de estudo baseia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, abordando pesquisas empíricas sobre o tema. Conclui-se que, dos instrumentos disponíveis, apenas a outorga do direito de uso foi implementada, e os outros mecanismos, principalmente a cobrança pelo uso da água, tem sido negligenciado pelas políticas públicas estaduais. / Nowadays, economic science has applied concepts and theories in environmental issues for the better use of natural resources, aiming at sustainable development, i.e. ensuring that future generations can also have the environment. The economy has tools that can be used in water management to optimize water use and preserve the environment. International experience has demonstrated the important use of economic instruments of public policy for the management of water resources, with undeniable effectiveness. The Roraima State, located in the Amazon and with major environmental heritage and abundant water bodies, has a duty to take better care of their natural resources. This dissertation aims to analyze some economic instruments of public policy, created by federal and state laws, and applicable to the state of Roraima. The study method is based on documentary and bibliographical research, empirical research addressing the issue. We conclude that the instruments available, only granting the right of use was implemented, and other mechanisms, especially the charge for water use, has been neglected by the state public policies.

Atualmente, a ciência econômica tem aplicado conceitos e teorias na questão ambiental para melhor utilização dos recursos naturais, visando ao desenvolvimento sustentável, ou seja, garantir que as futuras gerações igualmente possam dispor do meio ambiente. A economia possui ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas na gestão hídrica, para otimizar o uso da água e preservar o meio ambiente. A experiência internacional tem demonstrado a utilização de importantes instrumentos econômicos de políticas públicas para a gestão dos recursos hídricos, com inegável efetividade. O Estado de Roraima, localizado na Amazônia e com grande patrimônio ambiental e abundantes corpos de água, tem o dever de cuidar melhor de seus recursos naturais. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar alguns instrumentos econômicos de políticas públicas, criados pela legislação federal e estadual, e aplicáveis ao Estado de Roraima. O método de estudo baseia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, abordando pesquisas empíricas sobre o tema. Conclui-se que, dos instrumentos disponíveis, apenas a outorga do direito de uso foi implementada, e os outros mecanismos, principalmente a cobrança pelo uso da água, tem sido negligenciado pelas políticas públicas estaduais. / Nowadays, economic science has applied concepts and theories in environmental issues for the better use of natural resources, aiming at sustainable development, i.e. ensuring that future generations can also have the environment. The economy has tools that can be used in water management to optimize water use and preserve the environment. International experience has demonstrated the important use of economic instruments of public policy for the management of water resources, with undeniable effectiveness. The Roraima State, located in the Amazon and with major environmental heritage and abundant water bodies, has a duty to take better care of their natural resources. This dissertation aims to analyze some economic instruments of public policy, created by federal and state laws, and applicable to the state of Roraima. The study method is based on documentary and bibliographical research, empirical research addressing the issue. We conclude that the instruments available, only granting the right of use was implemented, and other mechanisms, especially the charge for water use, has been neglected by the state public policies.

L’objectif fondamental de cette thèse consistait, après avoir relevé la complexité du lien entre l’économie et l’environnement, à mettre en évidence d’une part, les différents travaux et analyses sur la théorie des havres de pollution ainsi que les théories concurrentes et d’autre part, à apporter une contribution empirique à cette théorie. Ainsi, en évaluant empiriquement l’attractivité de l’Amérique latine et de l’Europe pour les entreprises manufacturières espagnoles appartenant auxsecteurs réputés polluants, on s’est évertué à montrer que les déterminants de cet attrait vers ces deux régions ne suivent pas la même trajectoire. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons un modèle gravitaire développé au moyen de l’économétrie des données de panel. C’est autour de ces points centraux que se sont articulés les quatre chapitres de notre thèse. Nos résultats valident l’existence d’effets de havres de pollution en Amérique latine, renforçant ainsi les conclusions tirées par les défenseurs de cette théorie. Ainsi, les localisations des industries polluantes espagnoles dans cetterégion sont déterminées par la présence simultanée des économies d’agglomération, d’une main d’oeuvre qualifiée et un engagement environnemental faible conjugué à un climat institutionnel douteux caractérisé par une présence massive de l’Etat dans l’économie et une banalisation de la corruption. Il convient de préciser que cette présence espagnole semble moins concernée par les libertés politiques et civiles dans la région, par les niveaux d’imposition et par la taille du marché domestique. Concernant la présence espagnole dans les pays européens, ce sont plutôt lesstratégies horizontales qui paraissent dominer les politiques d’internationalisation des entreprises polluantes espagnoles. Ces dernières semblent prêter bien plus d’attention à des facteurs tels que la qualité de la main-d’oeuvre, la performance des infrastructures, les économies d’agglomération et l’accès au marché qu’à la sévérité de la politique environnementale locale. / We have plotted a complex link between Economy and Environment, consequently we could determined the main objective of this thesis which was on one hand to highlight various papers and studies about the theory of contamination havens and about others competitive theories, and on another hand, to propose an empirical contribution to these theories. Thus, by evaluating the attractiveness of Latin America and Europe for Spanish manufacturing corporations involved in sectors known as contaminated, we focused on the fact that the determinants of this attract to both regions don’t follow the same way. In order to fulfill this specific study, we have used a gravity model developed using econometric panel data. Indeed, we have built our four main chapters of the thesis around these major points. The results obtained can argue that effects of contamination havens effectively exist in Latin America, strengthening conclusions put out by the defenders of this theory. Moreover, the place where are located Spanish contaminating manufacturing in thisregion are determined by the existence of agglomeration economies, skilled labor market, a weak engagement in environment issues united to a high level of corruption governmental institutions.In consequence, we can add that the Spanish government in this zone feels less concerned by the quality of way of life and liberty of citizens than by levels of taxes and size of domestic market. Concerning the Spanish implementation of strategies in these Europeans countries, the most relevant are horizontal strategies which seem to dominate internationalization process in Spanish contaminating manufacturing. These ones seem to pay attention to the quality of skilled labor forces, strength of infrastructure, agglomeration economies and access to the market more than the control of environmental local policies.