Of key importance for metamodelling are appropriate modelling formalisms. Most metamodelling languages permit the development of metamodels that specify tree-structured models enriched with semantics like constraints, references and operations, which extend the models to graphs. However, often the semantics of these semantic constructs is not part of the metamodel, i.e., it is unspeci ed. Therefore, we propose to reuse well-known compiler construction techniques to specify metamodel semantics. To be more precise, we present the application of reference attribute grammars (RAGs) for metamodel semantics and analyse commonalities and differences. Our focus is to pave the way for such a combination, by exemplifying why and how the metamodelling and attribute grammar (AG) world can be combined and by investigating a concrete example - the combination of the Eclipse Modelling Framework (EMF) and JastAdd, an AG evaluator generator.

Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The development of the regulation and self-regulation of Die Matie, official student newspaper of the University of Stellenbosch (US), were researched in this study. Die Matie is subjected to a complete code of conduct since 1995, which has been approved by the US council. This code developed after several conflicts with university authorities in a period in which South Africa changed into a new political system and when government became more tolerant towards the press. The origin and development of Die Matie’s code of conduct, the operations of the Media Council, the origin and development of the Die Matie’s Financial Advisory Committee, and developments in terms of the subsidy Die Matie receives from the US on an annual basis, are therefore studied with in the context of the regulation and self-regulation of the South African press in general. The theoretical framework with in which this study was done is the normative media theory because this theory focuses on the ideal role the media should fulfil in society. The normative media theory also offers a basis from which the media’s responsibility and the quality of the media can be tested and controlled. The study has focused especially on the theory of social responsibility, which is one of the four original press theories and of which regulation and self-regulation forms a part. The methodology which has been used is that of historical research, a qualitative methode. This methode was refined even further more by using the approach of microhistory which, firstly, entails the analising of a small area, and secondly acknowledges the researcher’s personal experience of the subject. The study came to the conclusion that Die Matie firstly enforces self-regulation via its code of conduct, the Media Council and the Financial Advisory Committee. Secondly the editorial team has the freedom to publish whatever they would like to publish and to be as critical and controversial as they find necessary as long as they obey the regulations of the code of conduct. The study also finds that Die Matie’s position is currently protected and that the university authorities and the Student Representative Council can not take any random decisions about the existence of the newspaper.

A investigação mapeia impressões e ações de editores gaúchos acerca da introdução das tecnologias e das redes digitais no mercado editorial, com o objetivo de identificar e problematizar aspectos que indicam mudanças em estruturas, práticas e processos de edição associados ao livro. É uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, que proporciona uma visão geral e do tipo aproximativo sobre a questão em estudo. O universo escolhido para análise tem como recorte uma associação local – Clube dos Editores do Rio Grande do Sul – que congrega 21 editoras de diferentes portes sediadas e vinculadas ao Estado. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados abrangeram as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas presencialmente e por meio de formulário eletrônico. Foram contatadas todas as editoras filiadas, obtendo-se o retorno de 11 editores. Os resultados mostram (1) a dificuldade, por parte dos editores, de apreender e compreender todos os fatores que envolvem a introdução das tecnologias e das redes digitais que abrangem a produção e a circulação de conteúdos/livros; (2) o redimensionamento e a complexificação da noção de cadeia produtiva do livro; (3) a atuação ainda tímida de editoras sediadas no Rio do Sul no que se refere a e-books; (4) a demanda pela renovação de conhecimentos por parte dos profissionais atuantes no mercado editorial, assim como o estabelecimento de parecerias entre empresas e/ou profissionais como fatores representativos da reconfiguração de estruturas e processos de produção; (5) a percepção dos editores gaúchos de que são agentes inseridos em um mercado que muda em dimensões globais, onde as noções de local, nacional e internacional estão articuladas; (6) a perspectiva de convivência entre edições impressas e digitais; (7) a força do papel governamental como principal comprador de livros por meio de seus programas de incentivo à leitura, agente que tem assim poder de determinar o direcionamento de ações vinculadas ao mercado. / The Research maps impressions and actions of Gaucho editors about the introduction of technologies and digital networks in the publishing market aiming to identify and discuss aspects that indicate changes in the structure, practice and processes associated with the editing of books. It is an exploratory research that provides an overview on the issue under study. The universe chosen for analysis is a local crop - Editor's Club of Rio Grande do Sul - which brings together 21 publishing houses with different sizes and located in the state. The methodological procedures cover the bibliographical research, the documental research and conduction of semi-structured interviews realized in person and through electronic form. The contact with all the affiliate publishing houses resulted in 11 editors who answered back. The results show (1) the dificulty editors have in learning and understanding all the factors that the introduction of new Technologies and digital networks which cover the production and circulation of contentes/books; (2) The complexity and resizing of the notion about the book production chain; (3) The still shy performance of publishers based in Rio Grande do Sul regarding e-books; (4) the demand for the renewal of knowledge on the part of professionals working in the publishing market, as well as the establishment of partnerships between companies and / or professionals as representative factors of reconfiguration of structures and processes of production; (5) the perception of gaucho editors that they are agents embedded in a market that changes in global dimensions, where the notions of local, national and international levels are articulated; (6) the prospect of coexistence between printed and digital editions; (7) the strength of the role of government as the main buyer of books through its programs to encourage reading, so it becomes an agent who has power to determine the direction of shares linked to the market.

A investigação mapeia impressões e ações de editores gaúchos acerca da introdução das tecnologias e das redes digitais no mercado editorial, com o objetivo de identificar e problematizar aspectos que indicam mudanças em estruturas, práticas e processos de edição associados ao livro. É uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, que proporciona uma visão geral e do tipo aproximativo sobre a questão em estudo. O universo escolhido para análise tem como recorte uma associação local – Clube dos Editores do Rio Grande do Sul – que congrega 21 editoras de diferentes portes sediadas e vinculadas ao Estado. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados abrangeram as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas presencialmente e por meio de formulário eletrônico. Foram contatadas todas as editoras filiadas, obtendo-se o retorno de 11 editores. Os resultados mostram (1) a dificuldade, por parte dos editores, de apreender e compreender todos os fatores que envolvem a introdução das tecnologias e das redes digitais que abrangem a produção e a circulação de conteúdos/livros; (2) o redimensionamento e a complexificação da noção de cadeia produtiva do livro; (3) a atuação ainda tímida de editoras sediadas no Rio do Sul no que se refere a e-books; (4) a demanda pela renovação de conhecimentos por parte dos profissionais atuantes no mercado editorial, assim como o estabelecimento de parecerias entre empresas e/ou profissionais como fatores representativos da reconfiguração de estruturas e processos de produção; (5) a percepção dos editores gaúchos de que são agentes inseridos em um mercado que muda em dimensões globais, onde as noções de local, nacional e internacional estão articuladas; (6) a perspectiva de convivência entre edições impressas e digitais; (7) a força do papel governamental como principal comprador de livros por meio de seus programas de incentivo à leitura, agente que tem assim poder de determinar o direcionamento de ações vinculadas ao mercado. / The Research maps impressions and actions of Gaucho editors about the introduction of technologies and digital networks in the publishing market aiming to identify and discuss aspects that indicate changes in the structure, practice and processes associated with the editing of books. It is an exploratory research that provides an overview on the issue under study. The universe chosen for analysis is a local crop - Editor's Club of Rio Grande do Sul - which brings together 21 publishing houses with different sizes and located in the state. The methodological procedures cover the bibliographical research, the documental research and conduction of semi-structured interviews realized in person and through electronic form. The contact with all the affiliate publishing houses resulted in 11 editors who answered back. The results show (1) the dificulty editors have in learning and understanding all the factors that the introduction of new Technologies and digital networks which cover the production and circulation of contentes/books; (2) The complexity and resizing of the notion about the book production chain; (3) The still shy performance of publishers based in Rio Grande do Sul regarding e-books; (4) the demand for the renewal of knowledge on the part of professionals working in the publishing market, as well as the establishment of partnerships between companies and / or professionals as representative factors of reconfiguration of structures and processes of production; (5) the perception of gaucho editors that they are agents embedded in a market that changes in global dimensions, where the notions of local, national and international levels are articulated; (6) the prospect of coexistence between printed and digital editions; (7) the strength of the role of government as the main buyer of books through its programs to encourage reading, so it becomes an agent who has power to determine the direction of shares linked to the market.

A investigação mapeia impressões e ações de editores gaúchos acerca da introdução das tecnologias e das redes digitais no mercado editorial, com o objetivo de identificar e problematizar aspectos que indicam mudanças em estruturas, práticas e processos de edição associados ao livro. É uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, que proporciona uma visão geral e do tipo aproximativo sobre a questão em estudo. O universo escolhido para análise tem como recorte uma associação local – Clube dos Editores do Rio Grande do Sul – que congrega 21 editoras de diferentes portes sediadas e vinculadas ao Estado. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados abrangeram as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas presencialmente e por meio de formulário eletrônico. Foram contatadas todas as editoras filiadas, obtendo-se o retorno de 11 editores. Os resultados mostram (1) a dificuldade, por parte dos editores, de apreender e compreender todos os fatores que envolvem a introdução das tecnologias e das redes digitais que abrangem a produção e a circulação de conteúdos/livros; (2) o redimensionamento e a complexificação da noção de cadeia produtiva do livro; (3) a atuação ainda tímida de editoras sediadas no Rio do Sul no que se refere a e-books; (4) a demanda pela renovação de conhecimentos por parte dos profissionais atuantes no mercado editorial, assim como o estabelecimento de parecerias entre empresas e/ou profissionais como fatores representativos da reconfiguração de estruturas e processos de produção; (5) a percepção dos editores gaúchos de que são agentes inseridos em um mercado que muda em dimensões globais, onde as noções de local, nacional e internacional estão articuladas; (6) a perspectiva de convivência entre edições impressas e digitais; (7) a força do papel governamental como principal comprador de livros por meio de seus programas de incentivo à leitura, agente que tem assim poder de determinar o direcionamento de ações vinculadas ao mercado. / The Research maps impressions and actions of Gaucho editors about the introduction of technologies and digital networks in the publishing market aiming to identify and discuss aspects that indicate changes in the structure, practice and processes associated with the editing of books. It is an exploratory research that provides an overview on the issue under study. The universe chosen for analysis is a local crop - Editor's Club of Rio Grande do Sul - which brings together 21 publishing houses with different sizes and located in the state. The methodological procedures cover the bibliographical research, the documental research and conduction of semi-structured interviews realized in person and through electronic form. The contact with all the affiliate publishing houses resulted in 11 editors who answered back. The results show (1) the dificulty editors have in learning and understanding all the factors that the introduction of new Technologies and digital networks which cover the production and circulation of contentes/books; (2) The complexity and resizing of the notion about the book production chain; (3) The still shy performance of publishers based in Rio Grande do Sul regarding e-books; (4) the demand for the renewal of knowledge on the part of professionals working in the publishing market, as well as the establishment of partnerships between companies and / or professionals as representative factors of reconfiguration of structures and processes of production; (5) the perception of gaucho editors that they are agents embedded in a market that changes in global dimensions, where the notions of local, national and international levels are articulated; (6) the prospect of coexistence between printed and digital editions; (7) the strength of the role of government as the main buyer of books through its programs to encourage reading, so it becomes an agent who has power to determine the direction of shares linked to the market.

This thesis looks at the life and times of Aggrey Klaaste, the larger-than-life late editor of Sowetan who shot to fame by championing a novel idea of nation building. His initiative started in 1988 as flames of violence engulfed South Africa and it seemed as if an apocalypse was on the cards. Sickened by what the frustrated black community was doing to itself, for example the use of the dreadful practice of necklacing against the so-called collaborators, he called for moral regeneration. He wanted his compatriots to look into the future and take their destiny in their own hands. Through nation building he tirelessly launched into crusading journalism that sought to heal the scars of the black community after decades of apartheid. It was grassroots community building. He rewarded ordinary men and women who made a difference in their communities. He actively sought peace to end the violence of the 1980s and 1990s. He spoke his mind without wearing any ideological blinkers, even as some thought his initiative would disturb the march to freedom. He was the ultimate newspaperman. This thesis argues that by calling for reconciliation and rebuilding of battered black communities even before freedom came, Klaaste was ahead of his time and even predated Nelson Mandela. Klaaste preferred to do what was right and not be shackled to any ideology. In doing so, he angered many people who felt his thinking was derailing the struggle for freedom. But Klaaste stressed that nation building was ideologically neutral and was meant for everyone. By contradicting prevailing political orthodoxy, he very likely risked his own life. But, like a true leader, he stuck to his convictions. Klaaste was exemplary in calling for reconciliation and building when others called for breaking. Ten years after he died, as the country still grapples with issues he raised in his popular weekly column On The Line, it is worth appraising his thinking and actions. The thesis also looks at the environment that influenced his thinking. His life is interwoven with South African history. That he began his adult life shakily, spending his days in a drunken stupor at Johannesburg shebeens to being awarded the Order for Meritorious Service for his outstanding community work, makes him an interesting subject to look at. It’s a story of a man who vanquished his demons and, through his compassionate community engagement, became an asset to the country. It’s a story of redemption. As his private life attests, he was man with flaws – like anyone else. But Aggrey Klaaste strived to do what was right for his community at all times. He was a restless community builder.

News companies have a need to automate and make the editors process of writing about hot and new events more effective. Current technologies involve robotic programs that fills in values in templates and website listeners that notifies the editors when changes are made so that the editor can read up on the source change at the actual website. Editors can provide news faster and better if directly provided with abstracts of the external sources. This study applies deep learning algorithms to automatically formulate abstracts and tag sources with appropriate tags based on the context. The study is a full stack solution, which manages both the editors need for speed and the training, testing and validation of the algorithms. Decision Tree, Random Forest, Multi Layer Perceptron and phrase document vectors are used to evaluate the categorisation and Recurrent Neural Networks is used to paraphrase unformatted texts. In the evaluation a comparison between different models trained by the algorithms with a variation of parameters are done based on the F-score. The results shows that the F-scores are increasing the more document the training has and decreasing the more categories the algorithm needs to consider. The Multi-Layer Perceptron perform best followed by Random Forest and finally Decision Tree. The document length matters, when larger documents are considered during training the score is increasing considerably. A user survey about the paraphrase algorithms shows the paraphrase result is insufficient to satisfy editors need. It confirms a need for more memory to conduct longer experiments.

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the job performance expectations of recent journalism graduates as perceived by selected managing editors and journalism educators in Standard Federal Region Six (the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas). The survey instrument consisted primarily of statements dealing with the topics of five research questions on the value of journalism education to success on newspapers, the value of newspaper experience to teaching journalism, the language skills of recent graduates, the value of academic research to the improvement of newspapers, and the "gap" between journalism education and journalism practice.

Thesis (M. A. (Media Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Citizen journalism has the potential to enhance the state of community newspapers. The emergence of digital media brought about the concept of citizen journalism, allowing ordinary citizens to practice journalism similar to professional journalism. The resultant high volume of news information from ordinary citizens, despite its benefits, leaves editors grappling with what enters the news gate. This study investigated the perceptions and attitudes of editors of community newspapers in Limpopo province of South Africa towards integrating citizen journalism into their daily journalism practices. This qualitative study used interview guide for data collection from a total of six (7) community newspaper editors in the province. The findings of the study indicate that most editors of community newspapers have positive perceptions towards citizen journalism. They are of the view that it could contribute positively towards their organisations particularly in strengthening democratic participation as a corner stone of community media, increasing the circulation of their newspapers, and assisting their communities to strive and strengthen their relationship with the outside world. However, they are not keen to incorporate citizen journalism in their professional practices. Their expressed concerns are lack of ethics and other basic journalistic skills in citizen journalism and the possibility of encumbering the process of news gatekeeping. However, due to many positive impacts of citizen journalism, editors should endeavour to find ways to incorporate citizen journalism into their organisations. Keywords: Gatekeeping, citizen journalism, community newspapers, community participation, news editors

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a common life-shortening autosomal recessive disease that affects over 100.000 people worldwide people worldwide. It is caused by mutations in the CF trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, that encodes for a membrane channel localized at the apical surface of epithelial cells where it has a crucial role in the secretion of chloride and bicarbonate. Over 2100 different CFTR mutations have been reported and among the pathogenic once the most common is F508del, located in the nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1). F508del is a three-nucleotide deletion that results in the loss of a phenylalanine at position 508 in the protein and in the consequent CFTR degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Different attempts to correct F508del-CFTR gene were made using genome editing approaches, however deletions like F508del remain difficult to be repaired. Several studies reported that additional mutations (revertant mutations) in the F508del-CFTR gene can rescue both CFTR folding and activity, suggesting a potential novel strategy to correct F508del. For this reason, the first aim of this work was the identification of novel F508del-CFTR revertants that can rescue CFTR localization and function. We generated a library of mutants introducing random substitutions into the F508del-CFTR gene. Revertant mutations were isolated based on their ability to rescue the presence of CFTR at the plasma membrane (PM) in HEK293T cells and identified by Sanger sequencing. Restoration of CFTR maturation, localization, and function of the identified revertants was evaluated by western blot, flow cytometry analysis and YFP assay, reaching levels similar to the wild type CFTR. Then we used CRISPR-Cas technology to introduce selected revertant mutations, such as I539T, R553Q, G550E, R555K and R1070W, in the endogenous F508del-CFTR gene. Adenine and cytosine base editors (ABE and CBE) allow the insertion of the desired base conversion without the formation of double strand breaks. Efficient editing was evaluated through Sanger sequencing, reaching up to 60% of base conversion. CFTR rescue at the PM in edited cells was analyzed by flow cytometry showing different degrees of recovery compared to the wild type CFTR. In this work, we confirmed that revertant mutations can rescue F508del CFTR localization and function. In addition, we demonstrated that CRISPR-base editors are valid tools to introduce these mutations in the endogenous F508del-CFTR gene, leading to a permanent correction. The proposed strategy could overcome the limits that genome editing strategies faced till now in the correction of F508del, providing a new potential therapeutic approach to treat CF.