En raison de leur déficit phonologique leur causant d’importantes difficultés en lecture, les élèves dyslexiques sont particulièrement à risque d’échec scolaire. Des études récentes ont montré que l’information véhiculée par les unités morphologiques contenue dans les mots en permettrait la reconnaissance, en plus d’en faciliter l’accès au sens. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les connaissances morphologiques d’élèves dyslexiques francophones de niveau primaire. Nous avons administré trois tâches servant à évaluer les connaissances morphologiques dérivationnelles en lien avec les règles de formation des mots à un groupe d’élèves dyslexiques (n=54) et deux groupes contrôles, soit un groupe d’élèves du même âge chronologique (n=46) et un groupe d’élèves de même niveau de lecture (n=88). Nous avons hiérarchisé ces trois tâches en fonction d’un continuum basé sur les opérations mentales sollicitées. Nos résultats montrent que les trois groupes d’élèves ont tous tiré profit des unités morphologiques pour réussir ces trois tâches et que le niveau de réussite va de pair avec le caractère explicite de ces tâches. / Because of their phonological deficit causing important reading difficulties, dyslexic students are particularly at risk of school failure. Recent studies have demonstrated that morphological units contained in the words allow recognition and in addition, facilitate access to meaning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological knowledge of french dyslexic students. We tested dyslexic students (n = 54) and normal readers (n = 134) by administering three tasks on the knowledge of derivational morphology to see if they treated these morphological constituents when reading. We located these three tasks on a continuum based on mental operations needed to better perceive their developmental trajectory. We finally compared the performance of dyslexics students to normal readers of the same age (n = 46) and younger students (n = 88), but the same reading level. Our results showed that all three groups of students tested had all benefited morphological units to succeed these three tasks and that the level of success goes hand in hand with the explicit nature of these tasks.

No description available.

The diploma thesis deals with possibilities of improving the teaching of pupils with a different mother tongue at primary school level. The theoretical part analyzes the available literature on the subject. The thesis answers questions as: How is it possible to support pupils with a different mother tongue? Which approaches and methods can be used while teaching foreign pupils to improve and facilitate the education of pupils with different mother tongues? How to ensure that all the pupils in the class develop the same skills at the same time? The gained knowledge from the theoretical part of the thesis is used to create interventions and empirical part of the thesis. Empirical part of the thesis is based on a research to test methods and practices to improve and facilitate the teaching of the pupils with a different mother tongue. In the course of several months of intense collaboration with a particular pupil, the ways to improve the quality of teaching have been investigated. It turned out not all of the methods and practices are effective. Furthermore, it has been also confirmed that the achievement of some specific goals for improving and facilitating teaching is a long-term process. The efficiency and success are influenced by a number of internal and external factors, that are also covered...

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Teachers in a school district in a southeastern state are being challenged to meet the needs of students who have learning disabilities (LDs) and who require an individualized education program with a mathematics goal. The students are in danger of not passing state, district, and classroom mathematics tests, and not all the schools are meeting adequate yearly progress (AYP). Funding from the federal government is denied if a school does not achieve AYP; the school personnel must then complete a school improvement plan. The purpose of this study was to explore which differentiation instructional (DI) practices inclusion teachers were using to promote math academic achievement for underperforming students with LDs in inclusion math classrooms. A grounded theory approach was used to explore inclusion teachers' perceptions on the effectiveness of DI with students with LDs in inclusion math classes. Survey and interview protocols were developed and administered to collect data. Data were open, axial, and selectively coded, and were synthesized into categories and subcategories following emerging themes and patterns. Triangulation, member-checking, and an audit trail were used to validate the findings. A theory of effective instructional practice is presented from the teachers' viewpoint. This study may impact positive social change by identifying instructional practices that allow better access to mathematics for students and thereby has the potential to impact student achievement.

Nella società e nella scuola di oggi, multietniche ed in evoluzione, si trovano frequentemente alunni con disabilità provenienti da contesti migratori: l’attenzione scientifica a questo fenomeno in Italia è ancora ridotta. Il lavoro analizza gli aspetti educativi e didattici che coinvolgono questi bambini, caratterizzati da una doppia difficoltà di inclusione, attraverso la comprensione delle dinamiche migratorie e delle rappresentazioni e concezioni culturali di salute/malattia e disabilità. Partendo dallo studio delle questioni transculturali del trauma migratorio e della concezione di salute/malattia e disabilità nel mondo e in terra straniera, si è posta l’attenzione sulla questione dell’integrazione in Italia di alunni con disabilità e di alunni migranti, per affrontare il punto focale: lo status di bambino con disabilità proveniente da contesti migratori. Un’indagine esplorativa nelle scuole della provincia di Piacenza, con interviste agli insegnanti e analisi della documentazione scolastica, ha consentito la comprensione del fenomeno sul piano operativo. Dalla ricerca teorica e dai risultati dell’indagine, è emersa la necessità di una pedagogia e didattica speciale transculturale, che attui una lettura multidimensionale dei bisogni degli alunni con disabilità provenienti da contesti migratori: appare necessario considerare gli aspetti legati sia alla disabilità, sia alla diversa appartenenza culturale, attraverso un intervento globale ed integrato. / Pupils with disability coming from migratory backgrounds are frequently present in current, multi-ethnic and in constant changing society and school. Scientific attention to the phenomenon in Italy is still limited. The purpose of the work is to analyse educational and didactic aspects of this category of children, which are characterized by a double inclusion difficulty, through the understanding of migratory dynamics and cultural representations of health, illness and disability. Transcultural questions of migratory shock and different conceptions of health, illness and disability in the world and in foreign countries are addressed in this study with respect to the inclusion of pupils with disability and pupils coming from migratory backgrounds in Italy, for the purpose of focusing on “children with disability coming from migratory backgrounds”. An exploratory field research at schools in the province of Piacenza, with interviews to teachers and analysis of scholar documents, has allowed a practical understanding of the phenomenon. Theoretical and experimental research conducted support a trans-cultural special Education and Didactics approach, which considers children with disability coming from migratory background and their needs through a multidimensional view: both disability and different cultural belonging need to be addressed through a global and integrated action and method.

Le design pédagogique dans les jeux vidéo non éducatifs est une discipline en mal de définitions et de méthodes. Contrairement à celui que l’on trouve dans les écoles ou autres institutions de formation, le design pédagogique pour les jeux vidéo non éducatifs est fait par des designers de jeux qui n’ont souvent aucune formation en enseignement. Un modèle de design pédagogique pour les jeux vidéo non éducatifs est donc développé dans ce mémoire, à partir d’une recherche exploratoire utilisant l’analyse de contenu de jeux vidéo et les théories de la science de l’éducation. Étant donné les ressources limitées disponibles pour le développement du modèle, la présente recherche pourra servir de base à la construction d’un modèle plus élaboré sur un sujet semblable, offrira des pistes intéressantes de recherche sur l’enseignement par le jeu et pourra soutenir les designers de jeu lors de la planification du design pédagogique dans leurs jeux. / Instructional design for non-educational video games is an ill-defined discipline that lacks established methods. Contrarily to the one used in schools or other education or formation institutions, video game instructional design is done by video game designers who often have no teaching training. An instructional design model for non-educational games is developed, in this paper, based on video game content analysis and educational science theories. Considering the limited resources available for the development of this model, it lays grounds for the establishment of a more elaborate model on instructional video game design, offers insights on education through games and can help video game designers plan the instructional design for their games.

L’expertise en orthographe requiert le développement de plusieurs types de connaissances et la possibilité d’y recourir volontairement, que l’on nomme compétence métaorthographique. Comme les élèves dyslexiques (ÉD) éprouvent d’importantes difficultés en orthographe, les objectifs de ce travail sont 1) de dresser un portrait de la compétence métaorthographique de 30 ÉD québécois, 2) de la comparer à celle d’élèves de même âge (n=25) ainsi qu’à celle d’élèves plus jeunes de même compétence écrite (n=24) et 3) d’établir des liens entre cette compétence métaorthographique et la compétence orthographique. Pour ce faire, trois tâches étaient demandées aux participants : 1) repérer et 2) corriger des erreurs orthographiques, puis 3) expliciter les motifs des corrections apportées. Les résultats indiquent que les ÉD obtiennent des résultats inférieurs aux deux groupes contrôles et que la compétence orthographique est liée à la compétence métaorthographique. / The ability to correctly spell words (orthographic competence) requires the development of orthographic knowledge and the ability to use that knowledge voluntarily (metaorthographic competence, Varin, 2012). Because dyslexic students have difficulties to spell words correctly, the goals of this work are 1) to describe the metaorthographic competence of 30 dyslexic francophone children (m= 11,34), 2) to compare their performance to those of 25 normally achieving children matched in age and to those of 24 younger normally achieving children matched in writing-level and 3) to establish links between orthographic and metaorthographic competences. To do so, four tasks were asked of the participants: 1) to identify spelling errors inserted in sentences, 2) to locate them in each word, 3) to correct them and 4) to explain their corrections. The results indicate differences in performance in function of the orthographic skill level and the nature of spelling errors.

Cette recherche porte sur la situation des élèves dysphasiques au Québec. En effet, l’identification de leur trouble, l’accessibilité à des services adaptés et la scolarisation de ces élèves a connu, à travers les années, quelques problèmes. Actuellement, 66,40% des élèves dysphasiques sévères au Québec ne sont pas scolarisés en classe ordinaire (MELS, 2008b). Une partie d’entre eux se retrouve dans des classes de langage aussi appelées classes de communication. Ce milieu de scolarisation fait partie du niveau 5 du système en cascade proposé dans le rapport COPEX (MEQ, 1976). Ce type de service a été mis en place afin de répondre, entre autres, aux besoins particuliers de la population d’élèves dysphasiques sévères. Par contre, leur efficacité par rapport à la réussite éducative de ces élèves n’est toujours pas évaluée. La recension des écrits a permis l’approfondissement des éléments-clés de la recherche, soit la dysphasie, la classe de langage et l’efficacité. Cette même recension a permis à la chercheuse de se positionner par rapport au cadre méthodologique utilisé. Ainsi, cette étude qualitative de type exploratoire vise à aller chercher sur le terrain des informations concernant l’efficacité des classes de langage. Celles-ci ont été collectées en utilisant principalement l’entretien individuel, le questionnaire ayant plutôt servi à collecter des informations factuelles sur les participants. Les personnes questionnées, qui sont au nombre de neuf, sont les principaux agents qui gravitent autour de l’élève dysphasique sévère fréquentant une classe de langage : les parents, les enseignants et les orthophonistes. Les résultats permettent une avancée dans la recherche pour ce qui est des effets de la classe de langage sur la réussite éducative des élèves dysphasiques sévères. / This research focuses on the situation of dysphasic students in Quebec. Indeed, the identification of their disorder, the accessibility to appropriate services and the education of these students had, over the years, some problems. Currently, 66,40 % of dysphasic students in Quebec are not in a regular class (MELS, 2008a). Some of them are in language classroom also called communication classroom. This education environment is part of the services for students with handicaps or learning or adjustment difficulties proposed in COPEX report (MEQ, 1976). However, their effectiveness in educational success of these students is not evaluated. The literature review allowed the deepening of key elements of this research: dysphasia, language classroom and effectiveness. This same literature review allowed the researcher position relative to the methodological framework used. Thus, this qualitative study of exploratory type aims to get in schools information about the effectiveness of language classroom. These were collected using mainly individual interview, questionnaire rather used to gather factual information about participants. The people interviewed are the principal actors around the dysphasic children: parents, teachers and speech therapists. The results allow a step forward in the research for effects of language classroom on the educational success of dysphasic children.

Notre recherche s’intéresse à la transformation des rapports aux nombres rationnels d’élèves de 1re secondaire présentant des difficultés d’apprentissage. Comme le montrent plusieurs recherches, le défi majeur auquel sont confrontés les enseignants, ainsi que les chercheurs, est de ne pas s’enliser dans le cercle vicieux d’une réduction des enjeux de l’apprentissage des nombres rationnels et des possibilités d’apprentissage de l’élève en difficultés d’apprentissage, cet élève n’ayant pas ainsi la chance de mettre à l’épreuve ses connaissances, d’oser s’engager dans une démarche de construction de connaissances et d’apprécier les effets de son engagement cognitif. Afin de relever ce défi, nous avons misé sur l’intégration harmonieuse de situations problèmes. Il nous a semblé que, dans une démarche d’acculturation, l’approche écologique soit tout indiquée pour penser une «dé-transposition/re-transposition didactique» (Antibi et Brousseau, 2000) et reconstruire une mémoire porteuse d’espoirs (Brousseau et Centeno, 1998). Notre recherche vise à: 1) caractériser la progression des démarches d’acculturation institutionnelle de l’enseignant, du chercheur et des élèves et leurs effets sur les processus d’élaboration et de gestion des situations d’enseignement; 2) préciser l’évolution des connaissances, des habitus et des rapports des élèves aux nombres rationnels. Notre intégration en classe, d’une durée de 6 mois, nous a permis d’apprécier les effets du processus d’acculturation. Nous avons noté des changements importants dans la topogénèse et la chronogénèse des savoirs (Mercier, 1995); alors qu’à notre entrée, l’enseignante adoptait la démarche suivante, soit effectuer un exposé des savoirs et des démarches que les élèves devaient consigner dans leurs notes de cours, afin de pouvoir par la suite s’y référer pour effectuer des exercices et résoudre des problèmes, elle modifiait progressivement cette démarche en proposant des problèmes qui pouvaient permettre aux élèves de coordonner diverses connaissances et de construire ainsi des savoirs auxquels ils pouvaient faire référence dans la construction de leurs notes de cours qu’ils pouvaient par la suite consulter pour effectuer divers exercices. Nous avons également pu apprécier les effets de l’intégration de diverses représentations des nombres rationnels sur l’avancée du temps didactique (Mercier, 1995) et la transformation des rapports et habitus des élèves aux nombres rationnels (Bourdieu, 1980). Ces changements se sont manifestés, entre autres, par : a) un investissement important lors de situations complexes; b) l’adoption de pratiques mathématiques plus attentives aux données numériques et aux relations entre ces données; c) l’apparition de conduites « inusitées » [ex. coordination de divers registres sémiotiques,exploitation de compositions additives/multiplicatives et d’écritures non conventionnelles]. De telles conduites sont similaires à celles observées dans plusieurs recherches effectuées auprès d’une population d’élèves qui ne présentent pas de difficultés d’apprentissage (Moss et Case, 1999). Les résultats de notre recherche soutiennent donc l’importance indéniable de considérer les élèves en difficultés comme étant mathématiquement compétents, comme le soulignent Empson (2003) et Houssart (2002). Il nous semble enfin important de souligner que le travail sur la représentation des nombres rationnels a constitué une niche particulièrement fertile, pour un travail fondamental sur les nombres rationnels, travail qui puisse permettre aux élèves de poursuivre plus harmonieusement leurs apprentissages, les nombres rationnels étant des objets de savoir incontournables. / Our research looks at how grade seven students with learning disabilities deal with rational numbers. Several studies have shown the biggest hurdle facing teachers and researchers is to avoid getting into the vicious cycle of minimizing the issues related to learning rational numbers and learning opportunities of students with a learning disability, which results in students not having the chance to test their knowledge, not taking the risk of becoming involved in their knowledge construction process and not appreciating the impact of their cognitive engagements. In order to address this challenge, we integrated complex situations. Taking an acculturation approach, we found the ecological model to be a fitting tool to consider a “dé-transposition/ré-transportation didactique” (Antibi and Brousseau, 2000) and to rebuild a hope-filled memory (Brousseau et Centeno, 1998). The aim of our research was to: 1) characterize changes in the institutional acculturation processes of the teacher, the researcher and the students as well as their effects on developing and managing teaching situations and 2) identify changes in students’ knowledge of, habits related to and relationship with rational numbers. Our own six-month classroom integration allowed us to appreciate the effects of the acculturation process. We noted significant changes in the topogenesis and chronogenesis of knowledge (Mercier, 1995). Initially, the teacher used the following approach: she presented the material and the steps the students would need to do; the students took notes they would then refer to when doing exercises and solving problems. The teacher would subsequently modify this approach by presenting problems that would allow students to bring together the different knowledge they had acquired, thus reconstructing the knowledge they could refer to when making course notes. The students could refer to these notes when completing subsequent exercises. We were also able to observe the effects of integrating various representations of rational numbers on the advancement of didactical timelines (Mercier, 1995) as well as the changes in students’ relationship with and habits related to rational numbers (Bourdieu, 1980). These changes manifested themselves in several ways: a) a noticeable effort during complex situations; b) the use of mathematical methods that took into account the numerical data sets and the relationship between these sets of data; c) the appearance of “unusual” behaviours [e.g. coordination of different semiotic registers, using additive/multiplicative operations and non-conventional writing]. Similar behaviours have been observed in several studies conducted on students who did not show signs of learning disabilities (Moss et Case, 1999). Our findings support the obvious importance of considering students with learning disabilities as being mathematically competent, as highlighted by Empson (2003) and Houssart (2002). We feel it is important to note that work done on the representation of rational numbers provided a particularly fertile niche for work on rational numbers, an essential element of knowledge, that would allow students to experience a more harmonious learning process.