Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseJAJ_TESE.pdf: 1850562 bytes, checksum: a09fd433aadbfd35ac069f94f92bfde2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-16 / The study proposes an understanding of nurses training in reflexivity and the overcome the limits of biomedical formation model, from the thought of John Dewey, inserted in the panorama of the reflective practitioner introduced by Donald Sch?n and dialoguing with the perspective of the transforming action of Paulo Freire. We used a qualitative approach to collect empirical data through focus groups conducted with nursing students from 3rd to 5th year in the Faculty of Health Sciences, Trairi / UFRN in the year 2012. Data analysis occurred through the technique of thematic content analysis constituted of three stages: pre-analysis, exploration of the material, treatment of results, inference and interpretation of the material. Thus, the categories formulated by organizing, classifying and aggregating the the content of the speeches to groups who shared opinions approximations of thought generating a set of categories of analysis designed from the contents. The results present the experiences of nursing students and their reflections, demonstrating that the process of reflection permeates the journey of life. It is inferred that the knowledge acquired in these experiences do not always participate in this dialogue in this formative process, reducing previous experiences in the field of exemplification of everyday situations. We conclude that it is necessary to consolidate innovative pedagogical proposals that allow the continuous dialogue with reality, breaking with the decontextualized teaching process from reality insertion of the university. Rethinking of the structures is recommended, reinforcing the break with the biomedical model and the integration of knowledge dynamically / O estudo prop?e a compreens?o da forma??o do enfermeiro na reflexividade e a supera??o dos limites do modelo de forma??o biom?dica, a partir do pensamento de John Dewey, inserido no panorama do profissional reflexivo apresentado por Donald Sch?n dialogando com a perspectiva da a??o transformadora de Paulo Freire. Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa na coleta do material emp?rico, atrav?s de grupos focais realizados com estudantes de enfermagem do 3? ao 5? ano na Faculdade de Ci?ncias da Sa?de do Trairi/UFRN no ano de 2012 no munic?pio de Santa Cruz/RN. A an?lise dos dados ocorreu atrav?s da t?cnica de an?lise tem?tica de conte?do constitu?da por tr?s etapas: pr?-an?lise; explora??o do material; tratamento dos resultados, infer?ncia e interpreta??o do material. Assim, formulou-se as categorias atrav?s da organiza??o, classifica??o e agrega??o do conte?do das falas com agrupamentos de opini?es que partilhavam aproxima??es de pensamento gerando um conjunto de categorias de an?lise projetadas a partir dos conte?dos. Os resultados apresentam a viv?ncia do estudante de enfermagem e suas reflex?es, demonstrando que o processo de reflex?o permeia o itiner?rio de vida. Infere-se que, os saberes adquiridos nestas viv?ncias nem sempre participam do di?logo presente neste processo formativo, reduzindo as experi?ncias pregressas no campo da exemplifica??o de situa??es cotidianas. Considera-se que, ? necess?rio consolidar propostas pedag?gicas inovadoras, que possibilitem o di?logo continuo com a realidade, rompendo com o processo de ensino descontextualizado da realidade de inser??o da universidade. Recomenda-se o repensar das estruturas, refor?ando o rompimento com o modelo biom?dico e a integra??o de saberes de forma din?mica

INTRODUÇÃO: Pautados na importância da qualificação profissional de enfermeiros na avaliação e cuidado ao prematuro a partir da análise de óbitos infantis no mundo, desenvolvemos um serious game enquanto ferramenta tecnológica educacional para facilitar a aprendizagem em enfermagem neonatal. O serious game e-Baby é uma ferramenta digital cujo objetivo é oferecer ao estudante a possibilidade de realizar a avaliação clínica e o cuidado ao prematuro em simulação virtual, antes de lidar com o bebê real no cenário de prática, podendo errar e refletir até compreender e aprimorar suas habilidades em um ambiente seguro. Ainda, as tecnologias devem ser vinculadas ao contexto e objetivos educacionais, respeitando e compreendendo os diferentes estilos de aprendizagem. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do serious game e-Baby: integridade da pele na aprendizagem cognitiva de estudantes de enfermagem, considerando os estilos de aprendizagem. MÉTODO: Trata-se de pesquisa metodológica quanto ao desenvolvimento da tecnologia e possui delineamento experimental e randomizado, com coparticipação de outras universidades brasileiras, para a avaliação do impacto na aprendizagem. Foi oferecido um curso extracurricular semipresencial aos participantes e, mediante aceite voluntário e seguindo os preceitos éticos em pesquisa, estes foram submetidos a avaliações de pré e pós-teste, caracterização, estilos de aprendizagem, avaliação do serious game e do curso. Foram divididos em dois grupos: controle e experimental, aleatoriamente. O tema do curso foi a avaliação clínica do prematuro quanto à necessidade de integridade da pele em alinhamento com o serious game desenvolvido. A análise estatística foi paramétrica, t de Student, considerando distribuição normal, utilizando também os testes Qui- Quadrado e exato de Fisher em determinadas variáveis. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: O serious game e-Baby: integridade da pele é uma tecnologia inovadora, validada por experts nas heurísticas de usabilidade em interface, elementos educacionais, conteúdo, jogabilidade e multimídia. Foi considerado relevante para auxiliar a aprendizagem de estudantes de enfermagem por refletir a prática clínica do enfermeiro no tema, segundo avaliação de enfermeiros em neonatologia. Teve avaliação geral muito satisfatória pelos estudantes, independentemente de seus estilos de aprendizagem, indicando que apesar das especificidades e preferências, consiste em uma tecnologia versátil para uso na educação em enfermagem. O estudo corrobora a literatura indicando as preferências dos estudantes para a inovação tecnológica e adesão de dispositivos e ferramentas, já inseridas e populares no contexto de nossa sociedade. As estratégias de ensino preferidas pela amostra demonstram interesse pela resolução de problemas, pelo papel ativo e por tarefas claramente vinculadas à prática do enfermeiro, reforçando o potencial sucesso da mudança de paradigma no ensino superior partindo do modelo tradicional para a adoção de novas teorias que valorizam o estudante como centro de sua própria aprendizagem. Não representou impacto significativo na aprendizagem cognitiva entre os grupos do estudo, apesar de ter refletido em melhores escores analisados em média aritmética para o grupo experimental. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de o serious game e- Baby não ter representado impacto estatisticamente significativo na aprendizagem cognitiva dos estudantes de enfermagem, foi muito bem aceito pela amostra independentemente dos estilos de aprendizagem de cada participante. As principais características atribuídas a ele são: didático, interessante, estimulante para acesso de outras ferramentas semelhantes no curso, educativo ao oferecer feedback imediato e auxiliar a aprendizagem na percepção dos participantes / INTRODUCTION: Based on the importance of professional qualification for nurses and preterm newborns\' care, taking into account the analysis of child mortality in the world, we have developed a serious game as an educational technological tool to facilitate learning in neonatal nursing. The serious game e-Baby: skin integrity is a digital tool which objective is to offer students the possibility to perform clinical evaluation and provide care to the premature baby in a virtual simulation, before he/she does it in a real baby in the scenario of practice. So, the students can make mistakes and reflect on them until comprehension is fully reached and the skills improved in a safe environment. Besides, technologies must be linked to the educational context and goals, respecting the different learning styles. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact of the serious game e-Baby: skin integrity in the cognitive learning of nursing students, considering the learning styles. METHOD: It is a methodological research as the development of the technology and randomized experimental research because it evaluated the impact on students\' learning, with participation of other Brazilian universities. It was offered an extracurricular and blended course to the participants which responded to evaluations of pre and post-test, characterization questionnaire, learning style index, evaluation of the serious game and the course, following ethical in research precepts. The participants were divided into control and experimental groups, randomly. The course\'s theme was the clinical evaluation of a preterm newborn and the proper interventions about the need of tissue integrity focused on skin, in alignment with the developed serious game. It was used parametrical analysis Student t, considering normal distribution, using also tests as Chi-square and exact of Fisher in certain variables. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Serious game e-Baby: skin integrity is an innovative technology, validated by experts in usability heuristics of interface, educational elements, content, gameability and multimedia. It was considered relevant to support nursing students\' learning in neonatology and its general evaluation given by students was highly satisfactory regardless their learning styles, indicating that, in spite of specificities and preferences of different users, it is a versatile tool to use in nursing education. This study corroborates literature indicating students\' preferences for technological innovation and adhesion to devices and tools already inserted and popular in our society context. Preferred teaching strategies by the sample demonstrate its interest for problem resolution, active role and tasks clearly linked to the nurses\' practice, reinforcing the potential success of the paradigm change in higher education from traditional model to the adoption of students-centered new theories. E-Baby did not present statistical difference in cognitive learning between the groups, despite it reflected on better scores for experimental group when adopting arithmetic mean. CONCLUSION: Despite the serious game did not represent impact in cognitive learning of nursing students, it was highly accepted by the sample regardless learning styles and validated by experts. Its main characteristics given by participants were: didactical, stimulating to access other digital tools in the course, educative as it offers immediate feedback and supportive for learning in the perception of students

O tema violência doméstica contra a mulher é um problema universal, pelo seu impacto nas áreas econômicas, sociais, educacionais e da saúde. A enfermagem tem um papel significativo no reconhecimento e acompanhamento dos casos, mas faz-se necessário que os profissionais estejam capacitados para tal. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a percepção e o conhecimento de estudantes de um curso técnico em enfermagem acerca da violência doméstica contra a mulher perpetrada pelo parceiro íntimo. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório e transversal. Foi aplicado um questionário validado com questões sobre percepção e o conhecimento acerca da violência contra a mulher. A amostra contou com a participação de 84 estudantes dos três módulos do curso, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, no ano de 2017. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas, validados por dupla digitação e posteriormente transportados para o pacote estatístico do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 22.0. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa. Os resultados mostraram que os estudantes se sentem à vontade em perguntar às clientes sobre o uso de álcool ou tabaco, porém incomodados em tratar sobre o uso de drogas, vida sexual e violência conjugal. Tendem a infantilizar o atendimento à mulher em situação de violência. Discordaram que fatores sociais sejam causas de agressão, mas concordaram que o uso abusivo de álcool ou drogas e problemas psicológicos do parceiro possam estar entre as causas. Afirmaram que os agressores devem ser presos, mas há a crença de que a violência doméstica seja um assunto de fórum íntimo e privado. Demonstraram ter bom conhecimento sobre a definição das várias formas de violência, e reconhecimento de sinais e sintomas, contudo, baixo conhecimento sobre a epidemiologia da violência contra a mulher. Afirmaram ser atribuição do profissional de enfermagem abordar sobre violência doméstica, mas que esta não seja direta ou insistente. Discordaram que o profissional deva ignorar sinais de violência, assim como referiram que há necessidade de agendar retorno em intervalos menores, em casos suspeitos de violência doméstica. Quase metade dos estudantes desconhecem protocolos de atendimento à mulher em situação de violência sexual e a maioria afirmou que o médico não deve prescrever calmante/antidepressivos para a mulher agredida. Referiram que é válido avaliar com a cliente os riscos à que estão expostas e elaborar um plano de segurança. Responderam que a terapia de casal e psicoterapia seja recomendável. A minoria reconheceu a importância da notificação dos casos, mas afirmaram a importância de fornecer número de telefone de instituições que acolhem mulheres e recorrer à delegacia da mulher. Enfim, os achados demonstraram que os estudantes possuem um conhecimento parcial acerca do manejo dos casos de violência doméstica e lacunas em sua formação necessitam ser preenchidas, sendo recomendável a inclusão do tema no conteúdo programático do curso e possibilitar experiências práticas aos estudantes / The issue of domestic violence against women is a universal problem because of its impact on the economic, social, educational and health areas. Nursing has a significant role in the recognition and follow up of cases, but it is necessary that professionals are trained to do so. The objective of this study was to identify the perception and knowledge of students of a nursing technical course on domestic violence against women perpetrated by the intimate partner. It is a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study. A validated questionnaire was applied with questions about perception and knowledge about violence against women. The sample was attended by 84 students from the three modules of the course, aged 18 years or over, in the year 2017. The data were organized in spreadsheets, validated by double typing and later transported to the statistical package of the program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. The study was approved by the research ethics committee. The results showed that students are comfortable with asking clients about alcohol or tobacco use, but they are bothered to deal with drug use, sex life and marital violence. They tend to infantilize the care of women in situations of violence. They disagreed that social factors are causes of aggression but agreed that abusive use of alcohol or drugs and psychological problems of the partner may be among the causes. They said that the perpetrators should be arrested, but there is a belief that domestic violence is an intimate and private forum issue. They have demonstrated good knowledge about the definition of various forms of violence, and recognition of signs and symptoms, however, low knowledge about the epidemiology of violence against women. They affirmed that it is the nursing professional\'s assignment to address domestic violence, but that it is not direct or insistent. They disagreed that the professional should ignore signs of violence, as well as that there is a need to schedule return at shorter intervals in cases of suspected domestic violence. Nearly half of the students are unaware of protocols for the care of women in situations of sexual violence, and most have stated that the doctor should not prescribe a sedative / antidepressant medication for the battered woman. They said that it is valid to evaluate with the client the risks to which they are exposed and to elaborate a security plan. They said that couple therapy and psychotherapy are recommended. The minority acknowledged the importance of case reporting but stressed the importance of providing telephone numbers of institutions hosting women and turning to the woman\'s station. Finally, the findings showed that students have a partial knowledge about the handling of domestic violence cases and gaps in their training need to be filled out, and it is recommended to include the subject in the program content of the course and to provide practical experiences for the students

Para identificar os principais indícios de estresse, coping e estressores do mestrando de enfermagem, relacionando o processo da dissertação com sua inserção profissional realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa através de entrevistas com 18 mestrandos e seis orientadores da EEUSP. Verificou-se que o mestrado era visto como um espaço de legitimação do saber e de ser trabalho intelectual, para conquistar reconhecimento que não encontrava na assistência, onde era desprestigiada e o espaço acadêmico era idealizado como algo que traria prestígio e poder, sendo coping para lidar como trabalho. Porém a Universidade sofria das mesmas vicissitudes da assistência: carreira docente feminina, hierárquica e dificuldade para conciliar ensino e pesquisa, teoria e prática e ensino e assistência / In order to identify the main signs of stress, coping and stressors of the nursing masters' degree students, connecting the dissertation process with their occupation, an exploratory qualitative research was elaborated, analyzing interviews with 18 marters' degree students and 6 orientation professors at EEUSP. It was found that the masters' degree was seen as legitimation of the knowledge of their intellectual occupation, in order to acquire the recognition that they didn't find at nursing care, and they idealized Academy as a forum for prestige and authority, however university had similar adversities as the academic career was feminine, hierarchic, and there were difficulties to conciliate teaching and research, theory and practice and teaching and care

Introdução: Autonomia é tema recorrente na educação em enfermagem e referida como necessária para florescer a motivação intrínseca. Objetivos: avaliar as evidências de validade da Escala de Motivação Acadêmica EMA, identificar os tipos de motivação dos estudantes, identificar e comparar os tipos de motivação acadêmica em função das variáveis de caracterização da amostra; identificar e interpretar a concepção de autonomia, a escolha pela graduação em enfermagem e a permanência no curso relacionadas aos tipos de motivação. Método: pesquisa de método misto, quantitativa-qualitativa, explanatória sequencial, realizada em instituição de ensino de graduação em enfermagem, com 205 estudantes na etapa quantitativa, por meio da aplicação da Escala de Motivação Acadêmica, e com 31 estudantes na etapa qualitativa, por meio de entrevista individual. Resultados: Acerca da dimensionalidade da escala, os resultados indicaram a extração de três fatores/tipos de motivação: intrínseca, extrínseca e desmotivação. Na descrição dos tipos de motivação, os estudantes apresentaram maior média na motivação extrínseca comparada às médias de motivação intrínseca e desmotivação. Na comparação dos fatores/tipos de motivação com as características da amostra, diferenças significativas foram encontradas no fator desmotivação em função do ano corrente do curso, na satisfação em cursar a graduação e orientação dos elementos citados pelos estudantes para cursar a enfermagem. No fator/tipo motivação extrínseca, diferenças significativas foram encontradas na comparação com a idade. E em relação ao fator/tipo motivação intrínseca diferenças significativas foram encontradas na comparação com ter realizado curso preparatório para vestibular e ter cursado graduação anterior à enfermagem. Nas demais características, sexo, local onde cursou ensino médio, formação prévia em curso técnico, enfermagem como primeira opção e apoio familiar, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas em nenhum dos fatores/tipos de motivação. Os resultados da etapa qualitativa permitiram a construção de cinco categorias: Reflexões sobre o conceito de autonomia, como construção gradativa, como tomada de decisão e referida a partir da prática profissional; Reflexões sobre o exercício da autonomia, vivenciadas na ação prática do estudante, na relação estudante-docente e momentos de ausência de autonomia; Motivação para a escolha da graduação em enfermagem, motivação mais autônoma e motivação extrínseca; Motivação para permanecer na graduação em enfermagem, motivação autônoma, motivação ligada a elementos externos e desmotivação; Estratégias de ensino e autonomia do estudante relacionadas à postura do docente, estratégias que estimulam e as que não estimulam a autonomia do estudante, com construção de quadro comparativo sobre as percepções dos estudantes acerca das estratégias de ensino citadas. Conclusões: O estudo confirmou a estrutura da EMA a partir de três fatores, considerada alternativa parcimoniosa à sua versão original. O perfil dos estudantes é de motivado extrinsecamente e autodeterminado, com baixa média de desmotivação. Algumas diferenças estatísticas entre grupos encontradas demonstrou congruência com o postulado pela teoria. Os estudantes apresentaram concepção de autonomia por meio de experiências vivenciadas na graduação, seja na sua ocorrência positiva ou a partir da ausência de autonomia. A motivação para cursar e permanecer na graduação em enfermagem foi referida tanto acerca de formas mais autônomas como nas formas extrínsecas, além de desmotivação para permanecer no curso. Acerca do apoio à autonomia e estratégias de ensino, os estudantes referiram que a interferência maior se relacionou à postura do docente. / Introduction: Autonomy is a recurring theme in nursing education, being raised as essential for the intrinsic motivation. Objectives: to evaluate the validity of the Academic Motivation Scale (EMA), to identify the types of motivation from the students, to identify and compare the types of academic motivation in relation to the categorizing variables of the sample; Identify and interpret the conception of autonomy, the decision for a nursing undergraduate and the stability in the course related to the types of motivation. Methods: a mixed-method research, quantitative-qualitative, explanatory sequential, carried out in an undergraduate nursing teaching institution, with 205 students in the quantitative stage through the Academic Motivation Scale, and with 31 students in the qualitative stage through individual interviews. Results: Regarding the dimensionality of the scale, the results indicated the extraction of three factors/types of motivation: intrinsic, extrinsic and demotivation. In the description of the types of motivation, the students presented a higher average in the extrinsic motivation compared to the averages of intrinsic motivation and demotivation. In the comparison of factors/types of motivation and characteristics of the sample, significant differences were found in the demotivation factor in function of the current year of the course, in the satisfaction of attending the graduation and in orientation of the elements mentioned by the students to attend the nursing course. In the factor/type extrinsic motivation, significant differences were found when ages were compared. And in relation to the factor/type intrinsic motivation significant differences were found in the comparison of individuals who attended a preparatory course for university and individuals with a previous graduation course. In the other characteristics such as gender, place of high school attendance, previous training in technical course, nursing as a first option and family support, no significant differences were verified in any of the factors/types of motivation. The results of the qualitative step allowed the construction of five categories: Reflections on the concept of autonomy, as gradual construction, as decision making and referenced on the professional practice; Reflections on the exercise of autonomy, experienced in the student\'s practical settings, student-teacher relationship and moments of absence of autonomy; Motivation for selecting the nursing graduation course, autonomous motivation and extrinsic motivation; Motivation to remain in the nursing graduation course, autonomous motivation, motivation linked to external elements and demotivation; Education strategies and student autonomy related to the teacher\'s attitude, strategies that stimulate and those that do not stimulate the student\'s autonomy, with the construction of a comparative table around students\' perceptions about the teaching strategies named. Conclusions: The study confirmed the EMA structure based on three factors, considered a parsimonious alternative to its original version. The students\' profile is extrinsically motivated and self-determined, with a low average of demotivation. Some statistical differences between groups found to be congruent with theory. The students presented a conception of autonomy based on experiences undertaken in the course, either in its positive occurrence or from the absence of autonomy. The motivation to attend and the motivation to continue in the nursing graduation was referred as much about autonomous forms as in the extrinsic forms, besides the demotivation are related to remain in the course. Regarding support for autonomy and teaching strategies, students reported that the major interference was related to the teacher\'s support.

This descriptive study was done to provide information on the number of hours and clinical experience students received during nursing education which might equip them with skills required for mental retardation nursing. Registered Nurses Associations for each province assisted in the study by providing lists of nursing schools in their province. Of the 142 nursing schools having a graduating class in 1969, 140 were studied. The urgency of the problem was shown when it was noted that an estimated 3 percent of the population of Canada were mentally retarded. Several commissions have been done on this topic in the past decade in Canada. Some studies of this general nature have been done in the United States. Review of the literature indicated that no previous studies had been done on this topic in Canada. A questionnaire was constructed to obtain data relating to placement of mental retardation experience, hours of theory and clinical experience provided and the year of nursing education in which the experience occurred. Questionnaires were mailed to the schools, completed by them, and returned. It was found that diploma schools tended to provide between 0 to 8 hours of theory and clinical experience in mental retardation whereas university schools tended to offer up to 12 hours of experience. Most nursing education in mental retardation occurred in pediatrics or psychiatric programs or in combinations of these and other courses. Mental retardation nursing education tended to occur in the next to the last year of the program for all schools. Many schools, however, indicated that mental retardation experience was not included in the school curriculum at all. It appeared that very little theory and clinical experience in mental retardation was being given students enrolled in nursing schools in Canada. The relative lack of planned clinical experience with retarded individuals was surprising. Several problems and limitations were encountered in conducting the study, particularly concerning data collection and the tool used for data collection. The data had to be collected in two phases from two different sources, home schools and affiliate schools, to obtain accurate data. Studies could be done to focus attention on current problems in nursing the mentally retarded, related to the need for inclusion of theory and clinical experience in the curriculum of nursing schools. Studies could also be done to determine time allotment, placement and specific mental retardation content in current nursing programs. Qualitative studies could be done to show the possible effect of staff knowledge of mental retardation on the care provided to mentally retarded patients. This study was an attempt to show the need for review of nursing education programs in relation to the inclusion of mental retardation theory and clinical experience in the curriculum of nursing schools. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

Three generations of registered nurses make up the current nursing workforce: Baby boomers, Gen X, and Gen Y. Each generation brings its own values, behaviors, and beliefs to the workplace. The generational diversity among nurses needs to be assessed along with other factors, such as social values of the elderly, anxiety toward aging, and practice settings, to examine how each factor impacts registered nurses' attitudes toward caring for the elderly. An exploration of these factors is significant to nurse leaders, since nurses have been known to display negative attitudes toward the elderly. The theoretical foundation for this study was based upon Rosenberg's three-component view of attitudes. The bias scores from Palmore's Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQ I) was used to indirectly measure the dependent variable, registered nurses' attitudes toward caring for the elderly. The independent variables were anxiety toward aging, social values of the elderly, generations, and practice settings. Kafer's Aging Opinion Survey was used to measure anxiety toward aging, and social values of the elderly. Practice settings and generations were identified by a demographic profile. The survey data were collected from 265 registered nurses. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare mean attitude scores between each generation and practice setting. Pearson's correlation coefficient examined the relationship between nurses' attitudes toward caring for the elderly, social value of the age, and anxiety toward aging. A multiple linear regression analyzed each independent variables prediction of nurses' attitude scores. Findings indicated a statistically significant association between the dependent and independent variables. Findings suggest the need to evaluate these variables prior to job placement to ensure quality healthcare provision to the elderly. Such action positively impact social change because nursing practices may be inspired to develop programs that encourage more favorable attitudes toward the elderly.

No description available.

The diploma thesis consists of two parts: Theoretical and Empirical. The Theoretical Part explains the basic meaning of the expression Intensive Care, the types of Intensive Care, its history and provides a description of an intensive care workplace and the health personnel working in Intensive Care (their education and competence). The thesis also deals with patients in Intensive Care and their needs. The objective of the Empirical Part was to ascertain the Czech general public knowledge and attitudes towards Intensive Care, their experience with Intensive Care as a patient or a person close to the patient. The methodology of the Empirical Part consists in a survey using questionnaires among Czech general public. The questionnaire was answered by 259 respondents. On the basis of statistical evaluation of respondents' data made by a statistics computer program, we found out the Czech general public is able to define the notion of Intensive Care and those who had their own experience with an intensive care workplace described the setting of the place as positive, which was a surprising finding. However, we also found out the respondents of our survey still lack information, and they would, therefore, appreciate to receive an information leaflet whenever entering into contact with an intensive care...

Several issues have impacted on district nursing practice and education within the UK, which can be conceptualised within four main areas: national policy; local organisational structures and practice; professional and disciplinary theory; and practice of individuals (Bergen and While 2005). However, there has been a lack of direction in district nursing in recent years within the UK, with a decline in the number of district nurses being educated (Queen’s Nursing Institute 2014a) and the educational standards supporting district nurse education being over 20 years out of date (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2001). In addition to this, the standards of education for pre-registration nursing (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2010) have supported a graduate workforce with an increasing focus on nursing in the community. This was identified as a consideration for me as an educator when examining the future educational requirements of nurses beyond the point of registration in the community, and became the focus of this study. Knowing in practice is a key concept within this thesis, that is, the particular awareness that underpins the being and doing of a district nurse in practice (Chinn and Kramer 2008). This study explores the unique knowing of district nursing in practice, and how this professional knowing is developed. Understanding the knowing of district nurses and how this is developed will contribute to future educational frameworks and ways of supporting professional development within community nursing practice. A question that is often asked is what makes district nurse knowing different from nursing in inpatient settings, and this emerges in this thesis. A qualitative study using an interpretative approach within a case study design was adopted using three Health Boards within Scotland as the cases. Within each Health Board area, interviews were undertaken with key informants and also, group interviews with district nurses were undertaken using photo elicitation as a focussing exercise. The data were analysed using framework analysis (Spencer et al. 2003). This approach illuminated a depth and breadth of knowing in district nurse practice and how this knowing is developed. The study findings depict the complexity of knowing in district nursing, acknowledging the advancing role of district nursing practice, where the context of care is an essential consideration. The unique knowing can be described as a landscape that the district nurse must travel: crossing a variety of socio-economic areas; entering the private space of individuals, and the public space of communities; as well as acknowledging professional practice; navigating the policy agenda while maintaining clinical person-centred care; and leading others across the terrain of interprofessional working. The unique knowing in practice that characterises the expertise of district nurses is a matrix of elements that incorporates different aspects of knowing that contribute to leadership, as suggested by Jackson et al. (2009). The participants in this study recognised that due to the complexity of the district nurse role, and its continuing advancements, that district nurse education needs to move to a Master's level preparation and it needs to continue to be supported by a suitably qualified practice teacher. Furthermore, the findings within this study demonstrate that the development of the unique knowing in district nurses does not happen in isolation and it is very complex. It consists of networks, conversations, engagement with policy, understanding of professional contexts, adhering to organisational boundaries, and interaction with complex and challenging situations. Theory and practice are mutually dependent on each other; change is inevitable and is unpredictable; and practices change by having experiences, therefore change is integral to practice. Consequently, it was concluded that the interdependent elements, which interact, develop the unique knowing of district nurses in practice. Finally this thesis makes recommendations and discusses future implications for policy, practice and research.