<p> The effects of migration selectivity on the population of the Atlantic region are determined by creating six net migration schedules for six personal variables: age, sex, nativity, education status, mother tongue and marital status. Although the migration schedules were rather complex, selectivity was greatest for young adults and the well educated. The population of the Atlantic region is selective with respect to age and education status. The Atlantic region is losing its young and well educated individuals through the migration process. Furthermore, the Atlantic region had a net inflow of elderly individuals. The effect of the migration selectivity is the loss of young adults, which is interpreted as an important loss of human capital compounding the economic problems of the region. While the increase in elderly population will economically burden the local social and health systems. Using the argument that the migration process is severely hurting the region economically, the Atlantic governments can argue for larger equalization payments to the region.</p> / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

This study focuses on the situation and social conditions in school for primary and secondary school students with ASD in mainstream schools in Mainland China. Based on the current situation in China, although compulsory education has been popularized at an early stage, under the system of examination-oriented education, the distribution of educational resources is very uneven. Searches for published journals and articles with relevant program for children with ASD have been carried through several databases, and six articles are included as results. Few relevant studies concerning the current situation in mainland China exist. The social condition and school situation of children with ASD is complex and vary between environments. Thus it is hard to determine what education mode that is the most appropriate for children with ASD as well as the support they need. Limitation of the study and future research is also discussed in the thesis

The purpose of this study was to make a comparative investigation of certain phases of the physical-education status of eighth-grade boys in the Travis Junior High School, Harlingen, Texas, for the 1948-1949 school session.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_am_dr_mar_par.pdf: 811395 bytes, checksum: 60aded530508055fe8c835cf34d21481 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo traduzir e adaptar culturalmente as provas de avaliação de leitura – PROLEC-SE R, bem como caracterizar o desempenho dos escolares do 6º ao 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental ciclo II e da 1ª a 3ª série do Ensino Médio nessas provas. Para atender ao objetivo, foi necessário organizar esta pesquisa em três estudos. No Estudo 1, foi realizada a tradução e a adaptação cultural do PROLEC-SE R respeitando-se os estágios de adaptação transcultural. O estudo piloto foi realizado em uma amostra de 70 escolares do Ensino Fundamental e Médio. O Estudo 2 foi realizado a partir da identificação da necessidade de se obter palavras de alta e de baixa frequência, próprias para o Brasil, que pudessem servir de estímulo linguístico para procedimentos de avaliação e intervenção em leitura nesta população. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa aplicada a partir das palavras (apenas substantivos) retiradas do material didático de língua Portuguesa, da rede de ensino do Estado de São Paulo. Para a classificação das frequências, utilizou-se os tercis da distribuição, frequência média e ponto de corte dos tercis. Nessa etapa, foram avaliados 224 alunos do Ensino Fundamental II (G1: 6º ano, n= 61; G2: 7º ano, n= 44; G3: 8º ano, n= 65 e G4: 9º ano, n= 54) e 134 do Ensino Médio (G5: 1ªsérie, n=44; G6: 2ª série, n= 44 e G7: 3ª série, n= 46). As palavras foram apresentadas aos escolares para leitura, em voz alta, em duas sessões. O banco de palavras do Ensino Fundamental II foi denominado E-LEITURA II e o do Ensino Médio E-LEITURA III, ambos constituídos por 1659 palavras. O Estudo 3 é um estudo de corte transversal cujo objetivo é caracterizar o desempenho dos escolares do Ensino Fundamental II e os do Ensino Médio nas provas do PROLEC–SE R. A adaptação brasileira do PROLEC-SE R foi aplicada em 436 escolares, sendo 221 do ensino público estadual (G1: 6º ano, n=30; G2: 7º ano, n=33; G3: 8º ano, n= 35; G4: 9º ano, n=31; G5: 1ª série, n=32; G6: 2ª série, n=30; G7: 3ª série, n=30) e 215 do ensino particular (G1: 8º ano, n=31; G9: 7º ano, n=31; G10: 8º ano, n=30; G11: 9º ano, n=31; G12: 1ª série, n=30; G13: 2ª série, n=31; G14: 3ª série, n= 31). O procedimento é composto de duas versões, uma coletiva e a outra individual (aplicadas em dias separados), cada versão contempla a avaliação de três processos de leitura: lexical, sintático e semântico. Foram utilizadas ferramentas de estatística descritiva e análise bivariada (α 5%). A partir da aplicação do PROLEC-SE R identificou-se que os processos de leitura não estão igualmente estabelecidos em todos os anos de ensino, em especial, no que diz respeito à compreensão de leitura. Verificou-se que a frequência de ocorrência das palavras afeta o desempenho dos escolares, que quanto maior a extensão das pseudopalavras maior a heterogeneidade e a diferença no número de acertos, que as palavras reais são lidas mais rapidamente do que as pseudopalavras, diminuição no número de acertos e aumento do tempo de leitura conforme a extensão nas palavras de baixa frequência de ocorrência e pseudopalavras, que as questões inferenciais geraram mais dificuldades do que as literais, que os escolares do ensino público e particular se diferenciam nas provas nas quais o uso da ortografia auxilia sua leitura e nas pseudopalavras longas, na qual a extensão aumenta o grau de dificuldade na leitura e, por fim, que há diferença entre os escolares do ensino público e particular nas provas do processo sintático e semântico, com desempenho superior dos escolares do ensino particular. A adaptação do PROLEC-SE R foi bem-sucedida, uma vez que refletiu a realidade brasileira no que diz respeito às lacunas e fragilidades do sistema educacional. Espera-se que a presente investigação abra possibilidades para novas pesquisas, no que se refere aos escolares do Ensino Fundamental II e do Médio, tanto para a caracterização do desempenho em leitura em escolares, considerados com bom desempenho acadêmico, como para os escolares com suspeita de dificuldades na aprendizagem ou com diagnóstico que interfere em seu aprendizado. / This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the PROLEC-SE R reading assessment tests, and to characterize the performance of students of the 6th to 9th years of Basic Education cycle II, and of students of the 1st to 3rd years of Senior High School, in these tests. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to organize this research in three studies. In Study 1, the translation and cultural adaptation of the PROLEC-SE R was undertaken, respecting the stages of transcultural adaptation. The pilot study was undertaken in a sample of 70 students of Basic Education and Senior High School. Study 2 was undertaken based on the identification of the need to obtain words of high and low frequency, specific to Brazil, which could serve as linguistic encouragement for assessment and intervention procedures in reading in this population. To this end, applied research was undertaken based on the words (nouns only), taken from the Portuguese language teaching material of the teaching network of the State of São Paulo. For the classification of the frequencies, the terciles of distribution, mean frequency and cutoff point of the terciles were used. In this stage, 224 students of Basic Education II were assessed (G1: 6th year, n= 61; G2: 7th year, n= 44; G3: 8th year, n= 65 and G4: 9th year, n= 54) and 134 from Senior High School (G5: 1st year, n=44; G6: 2nd year, n= 44 and G7: 3rd year, n= 46). The words were presented to the students for reading, out loud, in two sessions. The word bank for Basic Education II was termed E-LEITURA II and that of Senior High School, E-LEITURA III, both made up of 1,659 words. Study 3 is a cross-sectional study, whose objective is to characterize the performance of the students from Basic Education II and from Senior High School in the PROLEC–SE R tests. The Brazilian adaptation of the PROLEC-SE R was applied in 436 students, of whom 221 from the state school system (G1: 6th year, n=30; G2: 7th year, n=33; G3: 8th year, n= 35; G4: 9th year, n=31; G5: 1st year, n=32; G6: 2nd year, n=30; G7: 3rd year, n=30) and 215 from private schools (G1: 8th year, n=31; G9: 7th year, n=31; G10: 8th year, n=30; G11: 9th year, n=31; G12: 1st year, n=30; G13: 2nd year, n=31; G14: 3rd year, n= 31). The procedure is made up of two versions, one collective, and the other individual (applied on separate days). Each version covers the evaluation of three reading processes: lexical, syntactic, and semantic. Tools of descriptive and bivariate analysis statistics were used (α 5%). Based on the application of the PROLEC-SE R, it was identified that the reading processes are not equally established in all the years of education, in particular, in relation to reading comprehension. It was ascertained that the frequency of occurrence of the words affects the students’ performance, that the greater the length of the pseudo-words, the greater the heterogeneity and the difference in the number of correct answers, that the real words are read more rapidly than are the pseudo-words, that there was a reduction in the number of correct answers, and an increase in the time taken to read in accordance with the length in words of low frequency of occurrence and pseudowords, that inferential questions caused more difficulty than literal questions, that the students from state schools and private schools obtained different results in the tests in which the use of spelling helps their reading and in long pseudowords, in which the length increases the degree of difficulty in reading; and finally, that there is a difference between the students from state schools and private schools in the tests of the syntactic and semantic process, with superior performance from students in private education. The adaptation of the PROLEC-SE R was successful, as it reflected the Brazilian reality in relation to the gaps and weaknesses of the educational system. It is hoped that the present investigation may open possibilities for further studies, in relation to students of Basic Education II and Senior High School, both for the characterization of the performance in reading among students considered to have good academic performance and for students suspected of having learning difficulties or with a diagnosis that negatively influences their learning. / CNPq: 140363/2013-0