Après avoir analysé l'influence de la culture éducative turque sur l'enseignement du français en Turquie (2012, J.-C. Beacco), nous en avons conclu que les pratiques éducatives y sont fondées davantage sur la grammaire, ce qui peut s’expliquer par le rattachement à la culture éducative turque. Nous poursuivons nos recherches sur les contextualisations de la description du français dans des grammaires pédagogiques qui sont élaborées par et pour des turcophones (Grammaire et contextualisations- GRAC). Ces grammaires présentant des « contextualisations », s’écartent de celles dites de référence du français pour s’adapter aux cultures éducatives et métalinguistiques des apprenants turcophones. Il est intéressant d’étudier le discours grammatical à partir de plusieurs entrées : les articles avec les changements terminologiques dont ils sont l’objet, le genre avec la création d’une catégorie inexistante en turc et les cas grammaticaux avec la production de règles d’équivalence. Une démarche complémentaire par une cyber-enquête est engagée pour identifier les contextualisations des erreurs de français les plus fréquentes en milieu scolaire et universitaire turcophone. Les données obtenues ont permis de montrer que les discours sont modelés par les cultures éducatives et métalinguistiques. Il serait opportun de faire contribuer ces grammaires « extérieures » du français à une grammaire plus « centrale » du français. / After having studied the impact of educational culture on French teaching (2012, J.-C. Beacco), we concluded that teaching methods applied in Turkey are mostly based on grammar. This tendency reflects the educational culture of this country. The present research focuses on the contextualization of French grammar in reference books which were written by and for Turkish-speaking people (Project of GRAC).French reference books written in Turkey contain a number of “contextualization”, resulting from educational and metalinguistic culture of Turkish students learning French. Therefore, they differed from the French edition of French grammar. For this purpose, the French grammatical discourse was analyzed in many aspects: the articles which cause the change of terms; the gender of nouns which does not exist in Turkish introduces a new grammatical classification and the grammatical cases which result in the creation of equivalent rules. A cyber-survey was prepared to find out the contextualization of the frequent errors in French in high school and university area in Turkey. All the research, showed that these discourses were modulated by the educational and metalinguistic culture. Moreover, we demonstrated that the “off-center” Turkish edition of French grammar books need to be standardized to the “central norm” of the French edition. / Türk eğitim anlayışının Fransızca öğretimine etkisi incelenmiş olup (2012, J.-C. Beacco), Türkiye’de daha çok dil bilgisine dayalı bir öğretim şekli uygulandığı ve bunun da geleneksel eğitim anlayışına bağlı kalmanın bir sonucu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fransızca dil bilgisinin Türkiye bağlamına uyarlanmış ve Türk yazarlar tarafından Türk okuyucular için kaleme alınan kaynak kitaplar üzerine çalışılmıştır (GRAC Projesi).Türkiye’de yayımlanan Fransızca kaynak kitapları bu “bağlama göre uyarlanmakta”, dolayısıyla bir Fransız yayını Fransızca dil bilgisinden uzaklaşmaktadır: bu kitaplar, Türk öğrencilerin eğitim anlayışları gereği ve dil ötesi nedenlerle farklı algıladıkları “o yabancı dile” uygun olabilmesi için uyarlanmıştır. Bu varsayımdan yola çıkarak, Fransızca dilbilgisel söylem birçok açıdan ele alınmıştır: terim değişikliğine neden olan « article », Türkçede karşılığı olmadığı için yeni bir sınıflandırmaya yol açan isimlerde cinsiyet ve iki dil arası kural denkliğine neden olan ismin halleri. İnternet ortamında yayımlanan bir anket ile Türkiye’de lise ve üniversite düzeyinde sıklıkla yapılan Fransızca yanlışların bu bağlama uyarlanması araştırılmıştır. Tüm bu veriler, bu söylemlerin Türklerin eğitim anlayışı ve dil ötesi algıları ile şekillendiğini göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda ise, “merkez dışı” bu kaynak kitapların daha “merkezi” bir Fransız yayın ölçütüne kazandırılması gerekmektedir.

Fondée sur le postulat qu’en didactique des langues, les pratiques pédagogiques se trouvent profondément marquées par la variation, la présente recherche pose que ces variations et leurs facteurs s’expliquent par des cultures éducatives et linguistiques divergentes en présence. A travers l’analyse comparée de textes officiels, de manuels et de témoignages d’enseignants au Canada, on se propose d’illustrer la thèse selon laquelle des traditions d’enseignement différentes pour le français et l’anglais enseignées comme langues secondes peuvent émerger dans les discours sur l’enseignement des langues secondes dans ce pays. Ces traditions viendraient ainsi y poser la question d’une culture éducative et didactique commune et partagée. / Starting from the premise that practical language teaching is deeply characterized by variations,this research suppose that face to face and divergent educational and linguistic cultures canexplain these variations and their factors. Through a comparative analysis of Canadian officialtexts, textbooks and teachers’ discourses, we aim to show that divergent teaching traditionsbetween French and English as second language can appear in the discourses about secondlanguage teaching in this country. In this way, these traditions could ask the question about acommon and shared educational and teaching culture in Canada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIO PENNA FEDRE.pdf: 8199334 bytes, checksum: 211bd61a53ed31c729ae852b8f7b6ab2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-12 / In Brazil, there are several formats for technical and vocational education, from courses focused only on learning a trade to the courses that integrate general education with technical. Currently there are two forms of education that are found in this country, from technical schools who share both formats up their own workshops and workplaces that are also recognized as places of learning. Based on these formats technical and vocational education are marked by the idea that the teaching of instrumental crafts are inferior in comparison to general education. This research seeks to explain and analyze the development of education in these Samba Schools of Grupo Especial in Rio de Janeiro, in which the entire show is produced manually by professionals from various fields. The questions that guided the research were: how does a vocational education show the perspective of a cultural education that is informal? How can vocational education be regimented by public policies? From this way the general objective is to investigate the function and dynamics barrac?es of the samba schools of the Grupo Especial do Rio de Janeiro. If, therefore, is a research document analysis that was used for the historical science proper procedures by which it can be said that the data for historical analysis are the facts. However, the facts are not on the documents to be rescued as something that has its own existence, or as a natural object that just capture it from a theory with concepts defined a priori. First reading of the literature was performed for the theoretical foundation of the research. Data collection was carried out with primary sources such as newspapers, magazines, motion picture, photographs, government documents and public documents of the Federation provided by the Independent League of Samba Schools of Rio de Janeiro. A literature review was also conducted at the Bank of CAPES thesis, aiming to collect data for an analysis of the state of the art with respect to non-formal vocational education, vocational education and non-formal education in order to enrich and complement the desk research. This research is organized into an introduction and three chapters, which had its contents built from the investigations by the methodology described above because it is a new theme and closing remarks that aims to elucidate the problem of this research. Thus, to investigate the function and dynamics of the barrac?es of the samba schools of the Grupo Especial do Rio de Janeiro, it is understood that there is an educational culture in the samba schools of the Special Group of Rio de Janeiro, as well as the possible application of a public policy directed to this mode of education practiced at that location. / No Brasil, atualmente, h? diversos formatos de educa??o profissional. Desde cursos voltados ao aprendizado de um of?cio at? os cursos que integram a educa??o geral com a t?cnica. De acordo com a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educa??o 9.394/96, as oficinas e locais de trabalho tamb?m s?o reconhecidos como locais de educa??o profissional inicial e continuada. A partir da constata??o estereotipada de que esses formatos de educa??o profissional est?o marcados pela concep??o de que o ensino dos of?cios instrumentais ? inferior em compara??o ? educa??o geral, esta investiga??o busca descrever e analisar a cultura educacional desenvolvida nas escolas de samba do Grupo Especial do Rio de Janeiro, nas quais todo o desfile ? produzido manualmente por profissionais das mais diversas ?reas. As quest?es que orientaram a pesquisa foram: como se manifesta a educa??o profissional na ?tica de uma cultura educacional que ? n?o formal? Como essa educa??o profissional pode ser arregimentada por pol?ticas p?blicas em educa??o? Emerge, dessa forma, o objetivo geral de investigar o funcionamento e a din?mica dos barrac?es das escolas de samba do Grupo Especial do Rio de Janeiro, a fim de detectar uma poss?vel cultura educacional nesse ambiente, bem como a aplica??o de uma pol?tica p?blica voltada ? modalidade educacional ali praticada. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa de an?lise documental que se utilizou de procedimentos pr?prios da ci?ncia hist?rica, pela qual se pode afirmar que os dados para uma an?lise hist?rica s?o os fatos. Por?m, os fatos n?o est?o nos documentos para serem resgatados como algo que t?m exist?ncia pr?pria, ou como um objeto natural que pode ser capturado a partir de uma teoria com conceitos definidos a priori. Primeiramente, foi realizada a leitura da literatura especializada para a fundamenta??o te?rica da investiga??o. A coleta de dados foi realizada junto a fontes prim?rias como peri?dicos, revistas, imagens em movimento, fotografias, documentos p?blicos da Federa??o e documentos p?blicos disponibilizados pela Liga Independente das Escolas de Samba do Rio de Janeiro. Tamb?m foi realizada uma revis?o bibliogr?fica no Banco de Teses da CAPES, visando definir dados para uma an?lise do estado da quest?o no que diz respeito ? educa??o profissional n?o formal, a educa??o profissional e a educa??o n?o formal, com o intuito de enriquecer e complementar a pesquisa documental. Esta pesquisa est? organizada em uma Introdu??o e mais tr?s cap?tulos, os quais tiveram seus conte?dos constru?dos com base nas investiga??es descritas por sua metodologia por tratar-se de um tema novo, e as considera??es finais que almejam elucidar o problema. Assim, ao se investigarem o funcionamento e a din?mica dos barrac?es das escolas de samba do Grupo Especial do Rio de Janeiro, entende-se que h? uma cultura educacional nas escolas de samba do Grupo Especial, bem como a poss?vel aplica??o de um programa governamental (Rede CERTIFIC, que pode vir a ser pol?tica p?blica) voltado a essa modalidade de educacional praticada nesse local; mas esse programa deve ser adaptado ?s necessidades dos profissionais dos barrac?es das escolas de samba para que os art?fices do carnaval tenham seus conhecimentos, conquistados na pr?tica di?ria, como profiss?es formalmente reconhecidas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCIA ELEANE BRAGHINI DEUS DEU.pdf: 944858 bytes, checksum: 1e64657a019d266c5ed1bb4b8a0670fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study answers the following question: What are the elements which characterize the relationships among the teachers of both cycles of the primary school (1st to 4th grades and 5th to 8th grades), in those teachers view, and how does this relationship interfere in the construction of their identities? The objective of the research consists of investigating the perceptions that teachers from both segments of the primary school have about themselves and about each other, about the role they perform at school, and the relationships they establish amongst themselves. The study has the hypothesis that the views/ perceptions that the primary school teachers from one cycle (1st to 4th grades) have about the teachers from the other cycle (5th to 8th grades) contribute to the remoteness or the approach among them, with consequences in their view on the educational work accomplished in both cycles. Some authors supply theoretical reference for the study, such as: J. Gimeno Sacristán, (concept of practice/ pedagogical action); A. Pérez Gómez and L. Brunet (culture, school culture and educational culture); M. Tardif, A. Hargreaves, M. Apple and others (professionalization, knowledges and educational work); C. Dubar (identity construction) and P. Berger and T. Luckmann (reality interiorization and identity formation). It is a research of qualitative nature, analytical descriptive of the teachers perception regarding the relationships amongst themselves and about their own work, by means of dynamics with characteristics of Focus Group, accomplished in meetings with 40 Primary School teachers (from both cycles) of two state public schools at a municipal district of the area of São Paulo, gathered in three groups. The meetings were recorded in audio and video and the data obtained were transcribed, organized in synthesis charts of depositions, whose analyses seek the elements capable to elucidate how the teachers see themselves; how they see each other and the work they accomplish; what they say about the relationships among them and which role they attribute to the school and the school system / Este estudo procura responder a seguinte pergunta: Que elementos caracterizam as relações entre os professores dos dois ciclos do ensino fundamental, na visão desses mesmos professores, e de que maneira tal relacionamento interfere na construção de suas identidades? O objetivo da pesquisa consiste em investigar as percepções que professores dos dois segmentos do ensino fundamental têm de si mesmos e uns dos outros, do papel que desempenham na escola, das relações que estabelecem entre si. Norteia este estudo a hipótese de que as visões/ percepções que os professores de um ciclo do ensino fundamental têm dos professores do outro ciclo deste nível de ensino contribuem para o afastamento ou para a aproximação entre eles, com conseqüências na visão que expressam sobre o trabalho educativo realizado nos dois ciclos. Fornecem referencial teórico para o estudo autores como: J. Gimeno Sacristán, (conceito de prática/ ação pedagógica); A. Pérez Gómez e L. Brunet (cultura, cultura escolar e cultura docente); M. Tardif, A. Hargreaves, M. Apple e outros (profissionalização, saberes e trabalho docente); C. Dubar (construção de identidade) e P. Berger e T. Luckmann (interiorização da realidade e formação da identidade). Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, do tipo analítico descritiva da percepção dos professores a respeito das relações que mantêm entre si e de seu próprio trabalho, por meio da utilização de dinâmicas com características de Grupo Focal, realizadas em encontros com 40 professores de Ensino Fundamental (Ciclos I e II) de duas escolas públicas estaduais de um município da região da Grande São Paulo, reunidos em três grupos. Os encontros foram gravados em áudio e vídeo e os dados obtidos foram transcritos e organizados em quadros síntese de depoimentos, cujas análises procuram os elementos capazes de elucidar como os professores vêem a si mesmos; como vêem uns aos outros e ao trabalho que realizam; o que dizem das relações que se estabelecem entre eles e que papel atribuem à escola e ao sistema escolar