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Os prédios escolares são importantes marcos na paisagem urbana das cidades paulistas. Um dos símbolos da presença do Estado e do desenvolvimento econômico e social, a arquitetura das escolas públicas em São Paulo é representativa de diferentes períodos da arquitetura paulista. Na arquitetura escolar consolidam-se as características do estilo da época, espelham-se as políticas publicas e manifestam-se vanguardas de partidos arquitetônicos. Considerando a representatividade dos edifícios públicos destinados à abrigar as escolas e a sua contribuição para a história da arquitetura paulista, esse trabalho pretende abordar questões relativas à formulação de novas diretrizes para a construção de prédios escolares na década de 30, baseadas nos ideais e propostas pedagógicas em discussão naquele momento, destacando à evolução formal e estética dos prédios escolares; os partidos e programas arquitetônicos adotados a partir das novas diretrizes para educação pública e a introdução de novas técnicas construtivas e materiais de construção. A identificação de exemplares significativos da produção arquitetônica dos prédios escolares, com destaque para aqueles considerados como de valor arquitetônico, histórico e cultural pode contribuir para a compreensão e valorização destes edifícios e de sua arquitetura, com vistas à sua preservação. / School buildings are important landmarks in the urban landscape of the cities of the state of São Paulo. One of the many symbols of the presence of the State and of social and economical development, the architecture of public schools in São Paulo represents different periods of the architecture in this state. School architecture consolidates the style of a certain period; it mirrors the public policies and represents the forefront of architect parties/groups. Considering the representativeness of public buildings developed to be schools and their contribution to the architectural history of the state of Sao Paulo, this study aims to address the factors related to the establishment of new guidelines to build school buildings in the 1930s based on the pedagogical ideals and propositions that were being discussed at that time, enhancing the formal and the esthetic evolution of schools buildings, the architectural styles and programs that were developed based on the new guidelines for public education and the introduction of new construction techniques and materials. The identification of relevant samples of architecture production in school buildings, especially of those of significant architectural, historical and cultural values, can contribute for understanding and valuing these buildings and their architecture, aiming to preserve them.

Os prédios escolares são importantes marcos na paisagem urbana das cidades paulistas. Um dos símbolos da presença do Estado e do desenvolvimento econômico e social, a arquitetura das escolas públicas em São Paulo é representativa de diferentes períodos da arquitetura paulista. Na arquitetura escolar consolidam-se as características do estilo da época, espelham-se as políticas publicas e manifestam-se vanguardas de partidos arquitetônicos. Considerando a representatividade dos edifícios públicos destinados à abrigar as escolas e a sua contribuição para a história da arquitetura paulista, esse trabalho pretende abordar questões relativas à formulação de novas diretrizes para a construção de prédios escolares na década de 30, baseadas nos ideais e propostas pedagógicas em discussão naquele momento, destacando à evolução formal e estética dos prédios escolares; os partidos e programas arquitetônicos adotados a partir das novas diretrizes para educação pública e a introdução de novas técnicas construtivas e materiais de construção. A identificação de exemplares significativos da produção arquitetônica dos prédios escolares, com destaque para aqueles considerados como de valor arquitetônico, histórico e cultural pode contribuir para a compreensão e valorização destes edifícios e de sua arquitetura, com vistas à sua preservação. / School buildings are important landmarks in the urban landscape of the cities of the state of São Paulo. One of the many symbols of the presence of the State and of social and economical development, the architecture of public schools in São Paulo represents different periods of the architecture in this state. School architecture consolidates the style of a certain period; it mirrors the public policies and represents the forefront of architect parties/groups. Considering the representativeness of public buildings developed to be schools and their contribution to the architectural history of the state of Sao Paulo, this study aims to address the factors related to the establishment of new guidelines to build school buildings in the 1930s based on the pedagogical ideals and propositions that were being discussed at that time, enhancing the formal and the esthetic evolution of schools buildings, the architectural styles and programs that were developed based on the new guidelines for public education and the introduction of new construction techniques and materials. The identification of relevant samples of architecture production in school buildings, especially of those of significant architectural, historical and cultural values, can contribute for understanding and valuing these buildings and their architecture, aiming to preserve them.

The dissertation offers a contribution to contemporary discourse which is greatly concerned with the environmental impact of the built environment. It grapples with issues of man’s identity, a reading of place and the relationship between the habitat and inhabitants, by considering how a post-industrial site, namely the Vereeniging Refractories, can be regenerated. The project investigated the various layers informing place, through the lens of regenerative theory. The purpose is to develop a narrative that is sensitive to the site’s environmental, social and economic context, yet can weave the past, present and potential future together. Various responses to three main design drivers, are explored. Narrative (or heritage), environment and programme were weighed up against each other as architectural informants, to establish the most appropriate hierarchy guiding the architectural product. As programme a vocational college for the built environment is envisioned. In terms of the larger scheme for the site, this will be the first implementation which will facilitate the development of the campus to accommodate various interrelated fields of vocation. Co-dependence, collaboration and integrated learning through doing hands-on activity is explored as a means to build a new relationship between man and environment (as a complete set of ecosystems & narratives) – a relationship rooted in a state of well-being, not one of exploitation and inequality. The approach alternated between qualitative and quantitative research and responses, synthesizing decisions into a balanced response. The programme raised a number of challenges that critically influenced decisions throughout the design process. Accommodation of spaces for academic activities parallel to workshops housing traditional and technologically aided construction largely determined the spatial organization of the project. Iterations based on environmental response and the requirement of the intervention to act as catalyst for future development justified the proposal. The transformation of the skin of a portal frame structure was explored, in order to optimize the building’s response to the natural elements, whilst creating optimal interior spaces. This transformation embodies the narrative and meaning of the place, through integration of different re-claimed brick types and vegetation into the skin of the architecture. The architectural response takes the user on a journey through the transformation from a post-industrial place-less space towards, a place that connects the various layers present, towards the ideal of a dynamic human and natural relationship of well-being. / Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Carl & Emily Fuchs Foundation / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

The Alice Project investigates the problem behind the lack of provision for children in developing areas. The project recognises the potential in formal educational facilities as being the most important designed children’s space in townships [as developed transit camps]. The study will aim to address school environments in an extroverted or interactive manner. This will be done in order to transform the school grounds into a community children’s ‘city of learning’ [H.Hertzberger.2008:127]. The study questions the one dimensional identity of current educational environments, while focusing on Olievenhoutbosch as the main research area [Olievenhoutbocsh Ministerial Housing Estate: July 2005] The study identifies the problem behind the dystopian institutional character of current educational facilities as; introverted layouts, isolation, mono function and functionally dominant and intimidating spaces [H.Zeither.1996:16; H.Hertzberger.2008:71]. In order to address dissertation elements of spatial alienation, the dissertation will investigate counter theories of contextual inclusion and humane places of interaction, using contextual informants of community use of spaces to assist in program allocation and determinants of spatial hierarchy, supported with theories by Jane Jacobs [1961] and Jan Gehl [2010 and 2011] on qualities of a humane compact city space. These theories will then be combined with educational design theories of learning spaces implemented as a city in miniature, ultimately allowing the educational environment to socially extrovert to include community life and achieve a social academic atmosphere through an interactive educational environment . / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

Urban design of the site called Black meadow in Ostrava is based on the winners’ design of urban planning competition for this place from the Dutch architectural studio Maxwan made in 2010. Changes in urban planning are influenced by changes of conditions, in which is the city Ostrava today. Nowadays it‘s important to find some additional function instead of just cultural cluster planned in 2010. The function, which is missing in the area and has potential to be realized in the future is sport and relax. It‘s nothing better, than develop different types of sport activities on the riverside and connect sport, relax and cultural activities at one place, to create living and attractive place. The major task was design of the school complex in this area. My school is located outside of Black meadow cluster, but in his very neighborhood, in connection with the sport playgrounds created along the river. Separated operational units are connected with common spaces like school library, canteen and hall and surround the common schoolyard with the view to the river and castle. Simple raster of classes is broken by common meeting and sport areas, which are extruded from the rectangular plan and creating view points, which communicate together and improve the orientation in the building.

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nÃo hà / O presente trabalho integra o campo da HistÃria da EducaÃÃo, sob o prisma da cultura material escolar. Trata da formaÃÃo de concepÃÃes de prÃdios escolares no Brasil, no perÃodo compreendido entre o final do sÃculo XIX e as primeiras dÃcadas do sÃculo XX, com Ãnfase nas dÃcadas de 1920 e 1930, quando o quadro social era de conflito entre tendÃncias tradicionais e modernas, tanto na Arquitetura, quanto na Pedagogia e mesmo na Economia e na PolÃtica. Focaliza o processo de reforma da instruÃÃo pÃblica de 1922 no CearÃ, como condiÃÃo para a criaÃÃo de espaÃos escolares. Destaca as contribuiÃÃes e mudanÃas desta reforma para o entendimento do sentido de escola, indagando atà que ponto os prÃdios das escolas construÃdas neste perÃodo, particularmente as de Fortaleza, atenderam ao ideÃrio da educaÃÃo moderna. Analisa os perÃodos antecedentes da Reforma da InstruÃÃo PÃblica de 1922, em perspectiva comparada, no que diz respeito a vÃrios aspectos e procedimentos, que envolvem uma tipologia de escolas e prÃdios escolares mais representativos; reconstituiÃÃo da memÃria material das instituiÃÃes pÃblicas de ensino primÃrio no CearÃ; identificaÃÃo de mudanÃa nos padrÃes arquitetÃnicos de escola, bem como nos fatores de localizaÃÃo destes equipamentos educacionais na Cidade. Revela que o tipo de organizaÃÃo escolar denominada escola graduada de ensino primÃrio, caracterizado por mÃltiplas salas de aula, com turmas em vÃrios nÃveis e um professor para cada turma, veio aparecer pela primeira vez no Cearà na dÃcada de 1900, cuja materializaÃÃo arquitetÃnica se deu com a criaÃÃo dos grupos escolares, emergentes nas duas primeiras dÃcadas da fase republicana, tendo maior intensificaÃÃo na dÃcada de 1930. Utiliza-se principalmente de fontes documentais impressas e imagÃticas, de legislaÃÃo, regulamentos, regimentos e cÃdigos, mas tambÃm fez uso de bibliografia referente à HistÃria da EducaÃÃo e da Arquitetura, alÃm de recorrer, quando foi possÃvel, à fonte oral. Constata a existÃncia de trÃs tipos de concepÃÃes arquitetÃnicas escolares: 1. prÃdios como representaÃÃo de uma arquitetura erudita; 2. prÃdios convenientes e 3. prÃdios de tipologia funcional ou projeto-padrÃo. Percebe uma articulaÃÃo do espaÃo-escola com aspectos e mÃtodos de ensino, embora haja evidÃncias de uma oscilaÃÃo, no Ãmbito do ensino, entre a influÃncia da Pedagogia Tradicional e da Escola Ativa, sendo esta Ãltima tendÃncia modernizadora a que corrobora um novo projeto nacional republicano, que nasceria, portanto, juntamente com a luta por uma Escola Nova, mas nÃo ficaria a esta reduzida, em especial, a razÃo de disputa travada entre defensores do ensino laico e confessional. / This research is in the field of Education History, specifically on culture of school material. It covers the formation of concepts of school buildings in Brazil, from the end of the 19th century to the first decades of the 20th century, specifically focused on the 1920âs and 1930âs, when there was social conflict between traditional and modern trends, in Architecture, as well as in Pedagogy, and also in Economy and Politics. The focus is on the 1922 public education reform process in the state of CearÃ, as a condition for the establishment of educational spaces. This research highlights the contributions and changes due to this reform on the understanding of the meaning of a schoolhouse, questioning to what point schoolhouses built in this period, specifically in Fortaleza, were satisfying the ideal of modern education. The work analyses the period that preceded the 1922 Public Instruction Reform, from a comparative perspective, regarding various aspects and procedures, that involved a type of school and more representative school buildings; the study also reconstitutes the material memory of public elementary educational institutions in CearÃ; and identified changes in architectural standards in schools, as well as factors related to educational equipment location in Cities. The study reveals that the educational organization called granular school of elementary education, characterized by multiple classrooms, with classes of various levels and one instructor for each class, first appeared in Cearà in the 1900âs; and its architectural materialization occurred with the creation of school groups, which emerged in the first two decades of the republication phase, more concentrated in the 1930âs. This research was based on printed documents and photographs, legislation, regulations and codes, as well as the History of Education and Architecture and, when possible, oral history. Three types of architectural concepts for educational buildings were identified: 1. buildings as a representation of erudite architecture; 2. convenient buildings; 3. functional or standard project buildings. There is an articulation of school space with teaching aspects and methods, even though there is evidence of oscillation in teaching, between the influence of Traditional Pedagogy and Active School, the latter being a modernizing trend in line a new national republican project, which would be created along with the fight for a New School, but would not be limited to this, specifically due to disputes between those that defended secular and confessional teaching.