Cette recherche de doctorat interroge le coaching scolaire en tant que pratique émergente d'accompagnement de la scolarité non disciplinaire. Venu du monde de l'entreprise, le coaching scolaire semble faire écho à de nouvelles injonctions de l'école (élaboration d'un projet, choix d'orientation, autonomie, recherche de performance et d'épanouissement de soi). Celles-ci émergent avec la loi d'orientation de 1989 qui place l'élève au centre du système et sont renforcées par la mise en œuvre de l'éducation à l'orientation au collège et au lycée. Ces injonctions s'inscrivent dans un ensemble de discours qui ressortissent à la "cité par projet" et à la construction de l'élève en tant qu'individu. Ce travail met en évidence en quoi recourir au coaching scolaire peut être considéré comme une stratégie éducative soutenue par une volonté de reproduction sociale, d'ascension sociale, ou du moins de maintien social. Le coaching scolaire participe également à la construction de l'élève en tant qu'individu, qui en cherchant à faire face aux situations scolaires auxquelles il est confronté, vise à être autonome, à se réaliser et par là-même à s'inscrire dans diverses formes de performance. Convoquant les dispositions familiales des coachés, le coaching scolaire entend leur permettre de pouvoir mieux vivre leur scolarité et de développer un certain nombre de compétences attendues dans l'école et dans le monde du travail. Différentes méthodes ont été mobilisées pour réaliser le travail de terrain : entretiens semi-directifs, observations participantes et dépouillement de dossiers de coachés à visée statistique. Afin de comprendre le contexte dans lequel le coaching scolaire émerge, toute une investigation a été menée dans des établissements scolaires pour mettre en évidence les nouvelles injonctions scolaires et la manière dont elles se déclinent selon les caractéristiques scolaires et sociales des élèves. / This thesis examines educational coaching as an emerging educational practice. This form of coaching was imported from the corporate world and seems to echo the new agenda of the educational system: project development, career choices, autonomy, the quest for performance and self-fulfilment. The Law of 1989 required the education system to place the student at its centre, partly by integrating career education into middle and high schools. This in turn resulted in the spread of educational coaching. These injunctions are part of a wider discourse pertaining to the French concept of "cité-par-projet" (Boltanski & Chiappello, 1999) and the construction of the student as an individual. This research shows how the use of such coaching can be considered an educational strategy which is supported by a commitment to social reproduction, social advancement, or at least social stability. Educational coaching is also involved in the construction of the pupil as an individual who seeks to deal with situations which arise at school, to be autonomous, to become a fulfilled individual and, thereby, to feel successful in other terms, rather than merely in relation to academic achievement. Above all, such coaching is meant to build upon the family background, in order to enable pupils to have a better educational experience and to develop those skills necessary both at school and in the workplace. Different methods were used to carry out the fieldwork: semi-structured interviews, participant observation and the statistical analysis of coached pupils' records. To understand the broader context in which educational coaching emerges, schools were also visited; the impact of the new injunctions was studied, especially in relation to the academic and social characteristics of pupils.

I denna studie undersöker vi specialpedagogers tankar kring relationers betydelse i deras roll som handledare för lärare. Vi utforskar även relationella faktorer som främjar ett bra samarbete med lärare. Vår teoretiska förankring är relationell pedagogik och studien tar utgångspunkt i såväl svensk som internationell forskning i ämnet. Undersökningsmetoden vi använder är kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem specialpedagoger i skola och förskola. Resultaten av intervjuerna sammanställs och presenteras utifrån fyra teman som vi funnit i svaren från specialpedagogerna. I innehållsanalysen och tolkningen av resultaten utgår vi ifrån vår valda teori, relationell pedagogik, och i vår diskussion tar vi avstamp utifrån litteratur om perspektiv på handledning samt tidigare forskning om relationskompetens inom handledningssituationer. Resultaten i vår studie belyser att samtliga specialpedagoger framhåller att goda relationer mellan dem och de handledda pedagogerna är en viktig del i deras arbete. Vidare indikerar resultaten att dialog och samtal är avgörande för att skapa relationer. Att skapa förtroende, vara ödmjuk, uppmuntrande, lyhörd, inlyssnande, nyfiken, tydlig, respektera varandra samt vara genuint intresserad av vad pedagogerna har att säga, är några relationella faktorer som specialpedagogerna anser vara viktiga att bemästra för att skapa och bygga relationer med de lärare som de handleder. En annan upptäckt som görs i studien är att relationsskapandet för specialpedagogen är en kombination mellan ontologisk och instrumentell relationsorientering, (Kullenberg & Eksath, 2017), samt en kombination mellan "det mellanmänskliga" och " det sociala" inom relationer (Bubers teori i Aspelin, 2016). Det vill säga relationer byggs och upprätthålls genom att specialpedagogerna är tillmötesgående och genom spontana samtal där man lär känna varandra på ett personligt och naturligt sätt. Samtidigt anser de att man måste vara tydlig, göra några avgränsningar och visa varandra respekt. Här arbetar specialpedagogerna målmedvetet med att skapa relationer med syftet att få ett bra samarbete med lärarna för att hitta lösningar till deras gemensamma elever. / In this study, we examine special educationals needs co-ordinators (SENCO) thoughts about the importance of relationships in their role as coaches for teachers. We also explore relational factors that promote good collaboration with teachers. Our theoretical foundation is relational pedagogy and the study is based on both Swedish and international research in the subject. The research method method we use is qualitative, semi-structured interviews with five SENCOs in school and preschool. The results of the interviews are compiled and presented based on four themes that we have found in the answers from the SENCOs. In the content analysis and interpretation of the results, is based on our chosen theory, relational pedagogy, and in our discussion is based on literature on perspectives on coaching and previous research on relational competence in coaching situations. The results of our study highlight that all SENCOs emphasize that good relations between them and the educators they coach are an important part of their work. Furthermore, the results indicate that dialogue and conversation are crucial for creating relationships. Creating trust, being humble, encouraging, responsive, listening, curious, clear, respecting each other and being genuinely interested in what educators have to say, are some relational factors that SENCO consider important to master in creating and building relationships with teachers they coach. A conclusion drawn in the study is that for a SENCO building relations means a combination between ontological and instrumental relationship orientation (Kullenberg & Eksath, 2017) and a combination of "the interpersonal" and "the social" in relationships (Bubers teori i Aspelin, 2016). That is, relationships are built and maintained by the SENCOs being accommodating and through spontaneous conversations where you get to know each other in a personal and natural way. At the same time, they believe that you have to be clear, make some boundaries and show each other respect. Here, the SENCOs work purposefully to create relationships with the aim of having a good collaboration with the teachers to find solutions for their common students.