This work deals with internal and external communications, both in theory and in practical terms. Findings from the theoretical parts are used in the analysis of communication specific organization. The theoretical part deals with different forms, types, resources and communication tools. The practical part is realized by an analysis of internal communication, both vertical and horizontal plane and the analysis of external communications with external entities. The analysis of communication is supported by a questionnaire survey which is then evaluated and is based on specific recommendations designed to improve communication within the organization.

Care of the elderly, long-term care resident in the emergency department is an issue of importance because of the overall impact on healthcare costs, potential for negative outcomes for the resident, and the loss of revenue. The purpose of this project was to decrease avoidable transfer of residents to the Emergency Department. Using the Antecedent, Target, Measurement logic model, poor quality assessment data was deemed the antecedent of the avoidable transfer. The goal of the project was the implementation of a standardized process of assessment that would have decreased avoidable transfer of the resident. The project would have involved training of the nursing staff in the use of the Situation Background Assessment and Recommendation tool for collecting and communicating pertinent data. The tool would have been completed at each acute complaint and would have indicated disposition. Data would have been collected by the Education Coordinator and organized for review and comparison with preintervention data. Social change implications would have included enhanced communication, potential for increased nurse and physician satisfaction which could have potentially increased job satisfaction, and improved recruitment and retention. Autonomy and self-pertinence empowers the nurse to be a stronger advocate. Positive outcomes increase when care is provided by those familiar with the patient norms and the setting. Financial savings can have an impact on the cost of healthcare. This project would also have allowed for and encouraged internal review of process and practices. This project was not implemented and so remains inconclusive.

It is a commonly held belief that the integration of user research data into the design process can bring great benefits / and there have been many studies that not only examine these benefits, but have also suggested how these researches may be carried out. However, effective integration relies as much on the way information gathered from user researches is delivered to the designer as the quality of the information gathered. Examples of how user research findings are communicated can be found in literature / but what is lacking is a structured approach to developing deliverables with a framing of discussions about effectiveness, considering the practitioner&rsquo / s needs and expectations. This study aims to investigate how user research findings should be communicated to the designers in order to maintain effectiveness in integration of the findings to the design process. A model and strategies and guidelines to achieve effective communication are proposed as the result. In order to propose them the methodology involves three main stages, including a literature search, an in-depth interview with the practicing designers and a verification questionnaire to confirm the findings of the previous two stages. The results of the study reveal expected outcomes of the user research activity by designers as the dimensions of effective communication of user research findings. Moreover qualities of the delivery mediums and informational content of the deliverables are identified from practitioners&rsquo / perspectives. The outcome of the study is a set of strategies and guidelines that the researches should consider, while designing new deliverables and planning communication activities for delivering user research findings to the design process.

Background: Internet and social networks have evolved to become a natural part of people‘s life and innumerous hours are spent every day interacting through these platforms. This evolution has resulted in higher expectations on fast and efficient communication with retailer‘s customers. Today‘s customers are well informed and have instant access to information about retailers and their products. Businesses have realized the potential for utilizing social media in terms of creating brand recognition, generating revenue, gaining feedback and insight from customers and improving the customer relationship. Social me-dia is no longer just an option for enterprises that wants to stay ahead in today‘s business environment, it is necessary. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify key concepts for how eCommerce retail-ers utilize Facebook page marketing in order to acquire and sustain customer relationships. The authors will further declare the level of ambition among the eCommerce retailers with Facebook page marketing. Method: The method used for this thesis is of qualitative and both inductive and deduc-tive character. The hermeneutic approach has been used in order to provide an understand-ing of how eCommerce retailers utilize Facebook page marketing for customer relationship building. Primary data has been collected through semi-structured interview with eCom-merce retailers in Sweden. Secondary data was obtained primary through literature and searches in Business Source Premier and Emerald Journals. Selection of respondents has been made by research about industries presence in social media. Theoretical Framework: This study is based on theories within social media marketing, relationship marketing and communication. The theoretical framework is of both funda-mental and detailed character in order to give the reader a better understanding for the top-ic and is further the foundation for our interview questions. Conclusion: Among the retailers that participated in our study, the positive aspects of Facebook page marketing have far outweighed the negative; however, we have identified dif-ferences in the level of ambitions among our respondents. When weighting the evidence we can interpret that existing routines for publications among the respondents are undeve-loped and undefined. We could further determine that our respondents are using Facebook more as a traditional one-way marketing channel with promotion of products rather than enhancing the possibilities for dialogue between the organization and their group of inter-est. Last, it prevail doubt over the value of spending money and time on Facebook page marketing, even though all of the respondents indicated will increase their budget for marketing in this medium.

Intresset i denna studie låg i huruvida organisationsstruktur påverkar den interna kommunikationen. Studien utfördes i samarbete med Region Halland. Avgränsningen gjordes till HR-verksamheten centralt, personalchefer och förvaltningschefer, där syftet med undersökningen var att beskriva och analysera upplevelsen av kommunikationen däremellan. Alla organisationer behöver kommunikation för att existera, det är kommunikation som utgör grunden och framgången för en organisation (Falkheimer & Heide, 2007 15-33). Genom kvalitativa samtalsintervjuer och inläsning på teorier om kommunikation besvarades nedanstående frågeställningar:   Hur sker kommunikationen mellan HR-verksamheten centralt, personalcheferna och förvaltningscheferna? Hur påverkar organisationsstrukturen kommunikationen och hur upplever medarbetarna att organisationsstrukturen påverkar kommunikationen? Går det att identifiera eventuella kommunikationsproblem och i så fall vilka? Vad upplevs som effektiv kommunikation och vad upplevs fungera bra idag? Vem upplevs ha ansvar för att information skall nå fram till den eller de som är tänkt?   Resultatet visade bland annat en upplevd otydlighet gällande information, svårighet med samordning, problematik kring förvaltningarnas storlek samt resurser på varje enskild enhet och svårighet att se organisationen ur ett helhetsperspektiv.

Purpose – The purpose is to explain the relationship between communication and employee perceptions during organizational mergers. It will furthermore enhance the knowledge about effective organizational communication which should be able to ensure support and to deal with resistance. The study will be based on the actual merger between Växjö University and University of Kalmar in Sweden. Methodology – A comparative study is chosen as general research orientation. The employed methodology will be of a deductive and quantitative nature. Empirical data for this study will be collected through an online survey which is distributed among the employees of both Växjö University and University of Kalmar. Findings – Early information and communication seem to have an influence on the general attitude toward a merger but not on the general interest. Employees distinguish communication devises according to their quality. Appealing reasons induce positive effects on the employee’s opinion about the merger. Communication efforts were not able to visibly reduce resistance in the particular merger of Linnéuniversitet. Research limitations – The major limitation of this study lies in the limited amount of participants which makes it difficult to deduce concrete and general results and to formulate recommendations. A further methodological limitation lies in the used one point in time measurement. Recommendations and Conclusion – The focus of communication should rely on the quality of information and not on sheer quantity. Positive quality-related reasons should be emphasized during communication about mergers while still recognizing less favorable reasons. Mutual discussion should be provided so that constructive feedback can be obtained. / A

This study examines and analyzes conflict management and effective communication from several complementary perspectives. The purpose of the study is to identify common types of conflicts that learners confront in the process of EFL learning / to examine and analyze EFL learners&#039 / own strategies to deal with conflicts based on the conflict handling modes in the process of EFL learning / to find out their needs in terms of effective communication skills necessary to manage conflicts / and to analyze their attitudes toward conflict management learning and their needs for conflict management strategies. In order to achieve this aim, a survey research is preferred and the quantitaitve data gathered through the questionnaires were supported with the qualitative data obtained from the interivews with participants EFL learners. In the questiionnaire, there were two parts. The first one was a demographic inventory designed to gather the demographic characteristics of the participants. In the second part, four sub-sections were desgined: (1) a rank answer questionnaire to identify common types of conflicts that learners confront in the process of EFL learning / (2) a slightly adapted, Likert scale questionnaire which was translated to Turkish by G&uuml / m&uuml / seli (1994) from the Rahim Organizational conflict Inventory II (ROCI II) to identify EFL learners&#039 / conflict management strategies / (3) another Likert scale questionnaire to find out their needs in terms of effective communication skills necessary to manage conflicts / and (4) an alternative answer questionnaire to analyze learners&#039 / attitudes toward conflict management learning and their needs for conflict management strategies. The result of these questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS 15.0. This data gathering instrument was implemented on 339 students at the preparatory school TOBB University of Economics and Technology. Data gathered from 171 students from the same school were used for the piloting of the stduy. The data gahthered from 339 students at ETU Preparatory School represented the results of the main study. In analyzing the data, descriptive statistics as frequency, percent, average, and standard deviation and inferential statistics as ANOVA was used. As the second scale of the current study, semi-structered interviewsw were conducted with 12 students studying at the same university. The results of the interviews were analyzed through content analysis. The results of the study revealed that there is a relationship between EFL learners&#039 / conflict managament strategies, need for effective communication skills, and their gender, scholarship status, last school graduated, and duration of study at a particular university. Additionally, the study displayed that students confornt various types of conflict and they need to learn conflict management skills and effective communication skills to deal with conflicts successfully.

<p><strong>Purpose – </strong>The purpose is to explain the relationship between communication and employee perceptions during organizational mergers. It will furthermore enhance the knowledge about effective organizational communication which should be able to ensure support and to deal with resistance. The study will be based on the actual merger between Växjö University and University of Kalmar in Sweden.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methodology – </strong>A comparative study is chosen as general research orientation. The employed methodology will be of a deductive and quantitative nature. Empirical data for this study will be collected through an online survey which is distributed among the employees of both Växjö University and University of Kalmar.</p><p><strong>Findings – </strong>Early information and communication seem to have an influence on the general attitude toward a merger but not on the general interest. Employees distinguish communication devises according to their quality. Appealing reasons induce positive effects on the employee’s opinion about the merger. Communication efforts were not able to visibly reduce resistance in the particular merger of Linnéuniversitet.</p><p><strong>Research limitations – </strong>The major limitation of this study lies in the limited amount of participants which makes it difficult to deduce concrete and general results and to formulate recommendations. A further methodological limitation lies in the used one point in time measurement.</p><p><strong>Recommendations and Conclusion – </strong>The focus of communication should rely on the quality of information and not on sheer quantity. Positive quality-related reasons should be emphasized during communication about mergers while still recognizing less favorable reasons. Mutual discussion should be provided so that constructive feedback can be obtained.</p> / A

Šio darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti specialistų parengimą kokybiškam bendravimui su pacientu. Tuo tarpu, darbo problema - siekiant kokybiškų odontologijos paslaugų teikimo, vienas iš garantų – kokybiškas specialistų parengimas. Suformulavus darbo temą, išryškėjo temos aktualumas. Iš visų žmogaus savybių gebėjimas bendrauti yra pats svarbiausias. Kadangi specialistų bendravimas yra specifinis, tai be tinkamo bendravimo neįmanomas joks profesinis pasirengimas ir tobulėjimas, negalima jokia kuriamoji veikla. Svarbu pažįmėti, jog tik bendraudami žmonės gali ugdyti kitus ir tobulinti save, mokyti ir mokytis. Todėl, ypač aktualu, rengti specialistus gebančius sukurti darnius santykius su pacientais, palaikyti darnią atmosferą gydymo procese. Tad jau studijų metu būtina ugdyti būsimųjų specialistų-odontologų bendravimo kompetenciją, kuri yra optimalaus jų bendravimo su pacientais, kolegomis pamatas. Tinkamas bendravimo procesas yra gydymo dalis, kadangi pacientui reikia patarimo, nuraminimo, rekomendacijos ar draugiško pokalbio, todėl medikas privalo ne tik puikiai išmanyti gydymo techniką, bet ir palaikyti tinkamą bendravimą su pacientu. Tačiau efektyvus tarpusavio bendravimas įvyksta ne visuomet. Todėl svarbu išsiaiškinti efektyvaus bendravimo palaikymo būdus specialisto darbe. Išanalizavus lietuvių ir užsienio autorių literatūrą bei atlikus empirinį tyrimą, darbo pabaigoje buvo pateiktos apibendrintos išvados. Specialistų bendravimo kompetencijos ugdymas turi remtis saviugda... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of this project is to analise specialists' training qualitative communication with patients. While, the problem – if we seek to give qualitative services in odontology, one of the quarantee is specialists' qualitative training. Formulation of the theme of the thesis revealed the relevance of the subject. Ability to communicate is the most important of all human abilities. Since specialists' communication is specific, therefore no professional training or improvement, no creative activity is possible without proper communication. It should be noted that through communication only people can develop others and improve themselves, teach and learn. Therefore, it is very important to train specialists capable of establishing harmonious relations with patients, sustaining harmonious atmosphere during treatment process. Thus, as early as during the studies, communication competence of future specialists – dentists, which forms optimum basis for their communication with patients, colleagues, must be developed. Proper process of communication is a part of treatment, since patients need advice, comfort, recommendation or friendly conversation, therefore a doctor must not only have excellent knowledge of treatment technique but also be capable of maintaining proper communication with the patient. But effective mutual communication does not always take place. Therefore, it is important to discuss and determine ways of effective communication maintenance in specialist’s work... [to full text]

The ability to establish and maintain trust is regarded as a critical modern leadership skill. However, different conceptualisations of trust saw to it that the empirical and theoretical sides of research did not merge. As a result, trust has been studied in a variety of different ways and resulted in a varied and fragmented knowledge base, which this study attempts to address. The objectives of this study were to investigate conceptualizations of trust as perceived by middle- and senior level managers in a military medical basis in order to provide recommendations to management on how to build trust. Research was conducted in two phases of investigation. In phase 1 a literature review of the concept was conducted by analyzing and categorizing definitions and frameworks currently in use. In the second phase an empirical investigation was conducted by means of a descriptive and explorative qualitative research design and the use of a non-probability purposive sampling technique. The results showed that three proposed factors of trustworthiness (ability, benevolence and integrity), effective communication as well as perceived justice and fairness are fundamental to the establishment of trust. It is evident that management should draft a strategic plan to ensure that trust is established and maintained on a sustainable basis. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the essential nature of trust and assist management in an effective approach to master trust as an essential leadership skill in order to successfully enhance business reputation and outcomes. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011