Kriminalvården har genom åren fått mycket kritik för hur arbetet på anstalterna bedrivs och implementerade 2006 en värdegrund för att förtydliga hur arbetet inne på anstalterna skulle utföras för att säkerställa att verksamheten bedrevs på rätt sätt. Syftet med uppsatsen var därför att undersöka hur två organisationer, KRIS Halmstad och KRIS Kalmar, upplevde Kriminalvårdens värdegrund och därmed undersöka hur de uppfattade måluppfyllelsen. Syftet var även att undersöka om implementeringen haft någon betydelse och om det fanns några skillnader mellan de två organisationerna. Dessutom var ett annat syfte att undersöka likheter mellan den svenska och den amerikanska Kriminalvården. Via två fallstudier har tre individer från varje organisation intervjuats, totalt sex intervjuer. Enligt KRIS Halmstad fanns det ingen måluppfyllelse då endast få delar av värdegrunden levdes upp till. I KRIS Kalmar uppfattades det som något bättre. Där fanns en måluppfyllelse, dock var den svag. Avsaknaden av måluppfyllelse enligt KRIS Halmstad innebar att ingen effektmätning kunde genomföras. Enligt KRIS Kalmar hade implementeringen inte någon betydelse då endast två av nio delmål förbättrades efter implementeringen. Uppsatsen är skriven på svenska. / The Swedish Correctional has troughout the years been a subject to critisism concerning the work inside the correctionals insitutions, and 2006 they implemented basic values to clarify the way to work inside the institutions to ensure that the work was beeing properly executed. Therefore the object of this essay has been to evaluate how two organizations, KRIS Halmstad and KRIS Kalmar, was experiencing the basic values and its fulfilling. The purpose has also been to examine if the implement has had a significans and if there were any differenses or similarities between the two organizations. Moreover was another object to examine the similarities between the Swedish and the American Correctional. Through two case studies three individuals from each organization has been interviewed, a total of six interviews. According to KRIS Halmstad there was no fulfilling of the basic values because merely a few parts were fulfilled. In KRIS Kalmar they were percieved as a bit better. There was a fulfilling of the basic values, though it was week. Because of the abscense of fulfilling of the basic values according to KRIS Halmstad, no measures of the output could be done. According to KRIS Kalmar the implement has not had any significance as only two out of nine parts of the basic values has been improved. The essay is written in swedish.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-09-01T18:47:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WALÉRIO MAGALHÃES BANDEIRA.pdf: 638499 bytes, checksum: 076850cede05ad0d47d19d649279c29f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T18:47:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WALÉRIO MAGALHÃES BANDEIRA.pdf: 638499 bytes, checksum: 076850cede05ad0d47d19d649279c29f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-09 / Started in England in the second half of the eighteenth century , the Industrial Revolution gave rise to a radical change in society , giving rise gradually worldwide relations of mass, with the production and distribution of goods and services on a large scale , affecting the lives hundreds , thousands or millions of people, sometimes by a single act or legal fact , highlighting transindividual or collective and hence giving rise to the "second great wave of law" rights , which is the protection of collective rights ( the first wave focused on providing access from " poor " to justice through legal aid ) . This work follows the movement of the " third great wave " , which aims to identify the pitfalls for the effectiveness of collective process , and to achieve this objective should be analyzed: a) proper access to justice , with the delivery of the good life by correct representation of the trust b ) the essential exercise a more active role of the judge and humanized c ) the extension of the concept of res judicata ed ) on the effective coercive means for the proper fulfillment of obligations . To achieve this aim , we build on the innovations brought about by the "Preliminary Draft Model Code of Collective Processes for Ibero - America," written by Brazilian Scholars , in a comparative study with the national legal system , for, through a critical approach delineate problems in national legal system , finally finding answers that solve . / Iniciada na Inglaterra, na segunda metade do século XVIII, a Revolução Industrial deu ensejo a uma mudança radical na sociedade, fazendo surgir gradativamente em todo mundo as chamadas relações de massa, com o advento da produção e circulação de bens e serviços em larga escala, o que afetou, direta ou indiretamente, a vida de centenas, milhares ou até milhões de pessoas, por vezes em razão de um único ato ou fato jurídico, pondo em evidência a necessidade da tutela dos chamados direitos transindividuais ou coletivos “lato sensu”, o que fez surgir o movimento jurídico conhecido como a “segunda grande onda do direito”: a da tutela dos direitos coletivos (a primeira onda tratou do acesso pelos “pobres” à justiça por meio da assistência judiciária). O presente trabalho segue o movimento da “terceira grande onda”, que visa identificar os escolhos para a efetividade do processo coletivo e, para alcançar tal desiderato, serão analisados os seguintes pontos: a) o devido acesso à justiça, com a entrega do bem da vida pela correta representação dos tutelados; b) a imprescindibilidade de um novo papel, mais ativo e humanizado, do juiz; c) o alargamento da noção de coisa julgada e d) dos meios coercitivos eficientes para o devido cumprimento das obrigações, a fim de se realizar a entrega da tutela jurisdicional. Para alcançar tal desiderato, toma-se como base as inovações trazidas no “Anteprojeto do Código Modelo de Processos Coletivos para a Ibero-América”, inovador trabalho elaborado por doutrinadores de escol dos países interessados, sob direção de eminentes doutrinadores brasileiros. O presente trabalho trata, assim, de um estudo comparado do homenageado anteprojeto com o ordenamento jurídico pátrio, objetivando, por meio de uma abordagem crítica, delinear os problemas existentes no atual sistema jurídico brasileiro, a fim encontrar respostas ou rotas que os solucionem.

Très peu de travaux ont été publiés sur l’évaluation du fardeau des patients atteints de la maladie de Huntington (MH) et de leur famille. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient: 1/le développement d’un instrument mesurant les caractéristiques de la MH; 2/la validation de cet instrument; 3/la mise en place d’une étude observationnelle; 4/le développement d’un modèle d’évaluation de la trajectoire des patients. Un instrument auto-administré de qualité de vie liée à la santé (QVLS) et un instrument auto-administré clinique spécifiques aux patients ont été développé. Ils présentaient de bonnes propriétés psychométriques et ont été validés dans plusieurs langues. Les coûts de la MH dans cinq pays (France, Italie, Espagne, Etats Unis, Pologne) ont été évalués. La QVLS des patients et des aidants et ses déterminants ont été décrites. Aussi, un modèle mathématique qui modélise l’évolution des patients a été développé pour pouvoir évaluer l’efficience de nouvelles thérapies dans la prise en charge de la MH. Une comparaison entre un traitement fictif et les soins standards actuels a été faite qui a permis de démontrer qu’une thérapie qui améliore le score total TMS de l’instrument d’autoévaluation H-CSRI de 3,3 points ne sera pas coût efficace. Aussi des travaux sur la QVLS chez des patients atteints de troubles de la consommation d’alcool, et des patients ayant des symptômes associées à l'hyperplasie bénigne de la prostate ont été réalisés ainsi que des travaux sur les trajectoires des patients atteints d’AVC. Ces travaux apportent des informations originales qui répondent à des besoins pour l’évaluation des interventions thérapeutiques dans chacun des domaines considérés. / Few studies have been done on the evaluation of the burden of patients suffering from Huntington’s disease (HD) and their family. The objectives of this thesis were: 1/development of an instrument evaluating HD characteristics; 2/validation of this instrument; 3/implementation of an observational study; 4/development of a model evaluating patients’ pathways. A self-administered instrument of quality of life related to health (HRQoL) and a self-administered clinical instrument specific for patients were developed. Both instruments showed good psychometric properties and were validated in several languages. The costs of HD in five countries (France, Italy, Spain, USA, Poland) were assessed. HRQoL of patients and caregivers and their determinants have been described. Also, a mathematical model that models the evolution of patients was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of new therapies in HD. A comparison between a mock treatment and current standard care showed that a therapy that improves the total score of the self-assessment TMS (H-CSRI) by 3.3 points would not be cost effective. Also, studies on HRQoL in patients with alcohol use disorders, and in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms were made as well as studies on stroke patients pathways. These studies bring original information that meets needs for evaluation of therapeutic interventions in each of the considered areas.

Grundskolan, som är en obligatorisk och viktig kommunal verksamhet, utgör ett exempel på då det är svårt att uppskatta reella resultatmått för att mäta och jämföra effektivitet, t ex till följd av reformer. Denna avhandling belyser utvecklingen av modeller för effektivitetsmätning inom ramen för en reform inom den offentliga sektorn, den s k stads-delsnämndsreformen (SDN-reformen) i Stockholms stad 1997. En grundläggande fråga för de ekonomiska vetenskaperna gäller utveck-ling av metoder för att bedöma effektivitet i olika verksamheter. I denna avhandling är effektivitetsbegreppet centralt. För att mäta effekter krävs mått som anger värdet av det som presterats i förhållande till värdet av de förbrukade resurserna. Möjligheterna att göra effektivitetsmätningar varierar mellan olika verksamheter. Det är svårt att mäta effektivitet hos många offentliga verksamheter och därmed att göra bra bedömningar av deras utveckling. Främst ligger svårigheten i att få goda och jämförbara mått på resultaten av en viss verksamhet. Mot bakgrund av de senare decenniernas reformering av den offentliga sektorn finns ett stort behov av modeller för att bedöma i vilken utsträckning dessa reformer lett till en ökad effektivitet. I studien undersöks effektivitetsförändringar i Stockholms stads grund-skolor i samband med SDN-reformen genom att mäta och beskriva effektivitet med hjälp av flera olika metoder. Tillvägagångssättet innebär att jämföra resultaten från metoderna och studera i vilken grad de pekar åt samma håll. Motivet är att belysa i vilken utsträckning resultaten ger samstämmighet. Då resultaten inte pekar åt samma håll analyseras tänkbara orsaker. En slutsats gällande den troliga effektivitetsför-ändringen ges. Avslutningsvis görs ett försök att med hjälp av SDN-reformen förklara denna utveckling. / <p>Sammanfattning på engelska med titeln: Effectiveness in compulsory school education following a district council reform. Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2003</p>

Disputats, Handelshögskolan, Stockholm, 2003.

Today's global economy requires many organizations to co-ordinate work across a variety of intra and inter-organizational boundaries (Armstrong & Cole, 1995; Lipnack & Stamps, 1997). Global competition, re-engineered product life cycles, mass customization, and the increased need to respond quickly to customer needs are just some of the more pronounced trends currently driving organizational change (Grenier & Metes, 1995; Miles & Snow, 1986; Miles & Snow, 1992). An organizations growth and profitability is largely due to the strategies of globalization. Firms developing products with global applications must build competencies to connect and leverage knowledge on a worldwide basis (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1998). In several industries product development is a crucial ingredient and therefore factors such as cost of development, cycle time and increased productivity are key drivers for market share and profitability. Product development is an expensive process particularly in the engineering and technology intensive segments. Technological advances have enabled many companies to assemble teams of employees from across the country or around the world into global teams to solve complex organizational problems (Lipnack and Stamps, 1997). Such teams are sometimes temporary, culturally diverse, geographically dispersed, and electronically communicating collections of individuals (Kristof, Brown, Sims, and Smith, 1995). These teams allow organizations to increase efficiency and effectiveness by tapping the knowledge, skills, and expertise of employees around the globe, increasing opportunities for information or knowledge exchange through expanded social networks (Wellman 1996). A large amount of investment is spent in human resources and hence ways to optimize the spending by leveraging global resources, directly helps the bottom line (Govindarajan & Gupta 2001). Models that could be used to understand better team development and effectiveness have been limited to those based on the traditional colocated group perspective. Theory development and empirical research are needed to help managers better understand and respond to the challenges that global teams face (Furst, Blackburn & Rosen, 1999). A literature review conducted found though team effectiveness has been fairly well researched the extension of the topic and as applied to global teams remains a gap. This study attempts to understand team effectiveness and its relevance when applied to a global team in a product development environment. The study involves developing a suitable model and understanding the causal relationships between the identified factors and explains the model based on the findings. Review of Literature The study reviewed a vast amount of literature relating to teams and small workgroups and summarized findings under; Team Definition, Team Types and Nature, Team Composition, Task Design, Team Development, Team Processes, Organizational Context and Global Teams. The literary review suggests that though research is steadily increasing, empirical studies on performance and effectiveness are limited. There has been very few studies on effectiveness as applied to global teams. Literature review on the subject of global teams, suggests that these teams, face even greater challenges because of their geographical separation, diverse cultures, and language. The study identified factors as applicable to global team effectiveness based on previous studies and calibrates them with findings in general team and workgroup study. The study considers Task design, Team composition, and Organizational context factors and attempts to empirically determine causal relationships with Team Processes and Team Effectiveness. Objectives and Methodology The objectives of the study are as follows: 1 To develop and validate a conceptual model that explains global team effectiveness in a product development environment. 2 To establish relationship between team design, team composition, knowledge management context and senior management context towards global team effectiveness in a product development environment. 3 To illustrate the application of the validated model and relationships for developing interventions to enhance effectiveness in a product development environment through a qualitative case study. The methodology adopted was to study contemporary team effectiveness models from literature and get an understanding of the key variables and factors that influence effectiveness. Next, based on prior studies on global teams, a model was developed using an established effectiveness model and extended it to global teams. The main study comprised of analyzing responses from 376 participants from 64 projects working together as global teams. The conceptual model developed consists of two key factors measuring effectiveness namely; Product Development Effectiveness and Team Process Effectiveness. The enabling factors, that are called as ‘global factors’ in the study that influence effectiveness in the model are; Team Design and Composition, Senior Management Context and Knowledge Management Context. Measures defining each factor were developed, refined and checked for reliability and validity. The factor analysis conducted suggested that Product development effectiveness variables include; Schedule compliance, Functional completeness, Product Quality, Cost compliance and Innovative Problem solving. Team Process effectiveness includes; Internal motivation in the team, Looking forward to team challenges, Willingness to share Knowledge, Conflict resolution, Openness to Learning and Quality team interaction. Similarly, factor analysis suggests Task design and team composition be combined as Team Design and Composition. The variables included are; Clear Goals, Well defined output or deliverable, Use of Judgment, Adequate skill sets (Technical, Functional, Program Management and Diversity) and Right size. Knowledge Management Context variables following factor analysis are; Knowledge management practice, Perceived importance of knowledge management, adequate infrastructure and Existent reward system. Senior Management context variables are; Global Senior management support, Management review support and Easy information flow. In order to achieve the objectives of the study a detailed Structural Equation Modeling using Partial Least Squares method was conducted. The measurement model and structural model was assessed, path coefficients studied, moderating effects studied and model evaluated for goodness of fit. In addition, an in depth case study is conducted and the model is applied in a practical scenario. Results and Discussion The study suggests the importance of global teams in a product development environment. This is particularly so as distance, time, culture and technology interface make it all the more important for global teams to have means of measuring effectiveness. It is also necessary to have an understanding of the enabling factors aiding effectiveness. The study suggests a model for measuring effectiveness in global teams involved in product development as; Meeting milestones and timely delivery of the output, Meeting product functional and technical requirements, Quality of output delivered, Cost and budget targets and Innovative problem solving are typical measurements of effectiveness. The model encourages using Team Process Effectiveness as a measure and suggests it has a moderating influence it has on Product Development Effectiveness. The Team Process Effectiveness measures are; Internal motivation amongst members within the team, Identifying if the team looks forward to challenges, Willingness to share knowledge with each other, Resolving conflicts within the team in a positive manner, Openness to learning and Quality team interaction. The model developed indicates that all paths defined and relationships are positive and the model is structurally valid. As hypothesized, factors, Team Design and Composition, Knowledge Management Context and Senior Management Context has significant relationship with Team Process Effectiveness. Further, Team Process Effectiveness has positive causal relationship with Product Development Effectiveness. Knowledge Management Context and Senior Management Context have a significant and positive relationship with Team Process Effectiveness. The study confirms the moderating influence Team Process Effectiveness has on Team Design and Composition, Senior Management context, Knowledge Management Context with Product Development Effectiveness. The in depth case study on a department of 75 members of product development global teams provided the insight into the empirical analysis, strengthened it and helped understand several other aspects of global teams. Conclusion The study provided an in-depth understanding of global team effectiveness by reviewing literature and identifying variables that influence global teams in a product development environment. A model was developed, empirically validated and tested. The model includes effectiveness factors and enabling factors and relationship between factors have been explained. A case study spanning a period of five years on a global team involved in product development was conducted and the model applied in practice. This study suggests that the model can be used by organizations and practicing managers for understanding, developing and leading global teams involved in product development.