It is widely acknowledged that an agent is doing A intentionally only if she knows she is doing A. It has proved difficult, however, to reconcile two natural thoughts about this knowledge. On the one hand, the agent seems to know what she is doing immediately, simply by doing it. Her knowledge seems to rely upon no evidence, and indeed to rest upon no specifiable epistemic basis at all. On the other hand, the agent can be wrong about what she is doing; she is fallible. The difficulty is to see how an agent can be wrong about her action if her knowledge of it is immediate. My dissertation provides an account of the agent’s knowledge of her own actions that reconciles these natural, but apparently conflicting thoughts. In the face of this difficulty, many philosophers distinguish two objects of knowledge in action: the object of immediate knowledge, which is supposed to be something interior, and what the agent actually does, which is known only mediately. I argue that this two-factor framework is unacceptable, since it cannot account for the insight which motivated the study of intentional action via the agent’s knowledge of these actions: that it is in virtue of this specific way of knowing that the agent is the agent of her intentional actions. Instead, I defend a view on which acting intentionally itself, with no need for further epistemic work, is a way of knowing what actually happens. This account of knowledge in action also allows me to clarify how this knowledge is necessarily related to our capacity for agency. I argue that the rational capacities that are drawn on in figuring out what to do here and now are the very source of both the action’s taking place, and the agent’s knowledge of her actions without evidence. Since the agent’s knowledge is the result of the very same reasoning that brings about the action, it is practical, and the agent’s having it is the mark of her practical rationality at work and her being the knowingly efficacious author of the action. / Philosophy

As the war in Syria is about to enter its seventh year, Syrians continue to head towards Europe to seek safety and protection. This challenges European countries to provide urgent relief and services including education for a high number of Syrian refugees every year. However, the journey of Syrian refugees does not end with their arrival to safety. The refugee experience presents many difficulties including issues of wellbeing and self-worth. This qualitative comparative study examines the different platforms and solutions Mobile Learning could offer to refugees. In addition to that, it also discusses the possibility of leveraging Mobile Learning as a mean for Syrian refugees in Europe to achieve a sense of self-worth from the Kantian perspective of agency. The study starts with a comprehensive overview of the meaning of the term ‘refugee’ and the refugee experience, then it moves on to identify Mobile Learning and its impact and relationship to the recent refugee crisis. Then, the study introduces the Kantian philosopher Christine Korsgaard and her idea of agency, action, identity and value. The literature review after that discusses Korsgaard’s philosophy and links it to refugees and Mobile Learning. After viewing the research methods and methodology, the study comparatively analyses and discusses findings drawn from semi-structured interviews of 10 participants pertaining to the use of Mobile Learning platforms for higher education and language learning. The implications of these findings are that Syrian refugees in Europe have access to Mobile Learning platforms that vary in use and quality. However, when these platforms are used successfully, they do have the potential to support refugees’ sense of self-worth. The study then ends with a conclusion and suggestions for future research.

<p>Utilizing autoethnography and thematic analysis, this thesis explores reflexivity and social work praxis. Specifically, it illuminates the phenomenon of reflexivity and its related themes; reflexivity’s multiple meanings, challenges and enabling factors, its link to internal processes, rationale for usage and timeliness of inquiry. The multiple ways that practitioners engage in reflexive inquiry was revealed through dyadic interviews. However, current literature does not reflect this and the breadth and scope of reflexive inquiry is lost within contemporary social work discourse. Therefore, this thesis puts forth multiple definitions of reflexivity, which broaden the scope of reflexive inquiry, contextualize its usage and highlight its indications. The first group of definitions, efficacious, exigent and entrenched reflexivity are defined in terms of four key components; the reflexivity’s focus and center, what the reflexivity seeks and the degree to which reflexivity is utilized as a tool of practice. These definitions shed light on the varying depths of reflexive inquiry. The next group of definitions, extant and revenant reflexivity can serve to highlight to the worker when an experience needs to be reflected upon. The final group of definitions, polycentric and monocentric reflexivity, identify the context in which reflexivity takes place, namely communally or in isolation. The impetus for disseminating these broadened definitions is my belief that their incorporation into contemporary social work discourse and utilization as a required tool of practice will further promote the integration and support of the dual existences of the professional and personal selves; that their procurement into practitioner pedagogy will lead to dedicated space within the practice setting that enables one to be an emotional being, complete with emotional realities while simultaneously coexisting as a social worker, complete with social work related realities. I believe this will result in increased efficiency and productivity to serve and care for our clients, as well as increased worker health and well-being, to serve and care for ourselves.</p> / Master of Social Work (MSW)

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a pharmacotherapy used commonly to help tobacco smokers quit smoking. All forms of NRT are demonstrably efficacious for this indication, and several forms, including transdermal nicotine (TN) are available over-the-counter in the United States. NRT is less efficacious in women than in men, although the specific reasons for this gender difference are unknown. NRT generally, and TN specifically, is thought to work, at least in part, by suppressing withdrawal symptoms in abstinent smokers. While TN-induced withdrawal suppression has been demonstrated, the degree to which this withdrawal suppression is influenced by smokers' gender is uncertain. The purpose of this acute laboratory study is to determine if TN-induced withdrawal suppression is influenced by smokers' gender.One hundred twenty eight overnight-abstinent smokers completed four, double-blind, randomized, 6.5-hour laboratory sessions in which further cigarette abstinence was required. Sessions differed by TN dose (0, 7, 21, or 42 mg). All sessions were double-blind and randomly ordered. Each session included regular assessment of subjective symptoms of nicotine/tobacco withdrawal, subjective effects of transdermal nicotine dose, psychomotor performance, heart rate and plasma nicotine level. Results from this laboratory study revealed clear nicotine dose-related effects for plasma nicotine and heart rate, symptoms of nicotine intoxication (e.g. Nausea, Lightheaded) and suppression of Urges to smoke and Craving. Many DSM IV nicotine/tobacco withdrawal symptoms did not show dose-related suppression (e.g. Irritability/frustration/anger, Anxious, Difficulty concentrating). Importantly, results from this study indicated that there were very few differences between men and women in nicotine-induced suppression of the nicotine/tobacco withdrawal syndrome. Future research addressing this important issue may benefit from focusing on a potential interaction between gender and other effects of TN (i.e., blunting the effects of a concurrently administered cigarette) and/or on other triggers for relapse (i.e., smoking-related stimuli).

The thesis aims to provide a critical assessment of Camilo Torres' concept of efficacious love in the light of a hermeneutics and ethics of liberation, to contribute theoretically to theological reflection upon the mission of the Protestant and Roman Catholic churches in Colombia, and generally in Latin America. It proposes the thesis that the theology of Camilo Torres, viewed from the perspective of a hermeneutics and an ethics of liberation, can be foundational for seeking, constructing, and sustaining peace with justice in a context of oppression and violence. Based on the theological analysis, the academic and spiritual motivation should respond to two fundamental questions in our academic inquiry: what foundation exists in Camilo Torres' theology for the construction of a just, peaceful, liberative society and to enable proximity to the excluded, victimized, and poor population in Colombia to be achieved? And how can we as Christians respond to the grace of God in living efficaciously the values of the Kingdom of God, in order to bring structural changes in Colombia? The implications of the answers to those questions would result in the possibility to execute an integrating theological proposal for peace with justice for the church in Colombia. In an interpretative mode, we consider critically the multidisciplinary interaction of some of the theological foundations of liberation theology. Our task consists in clarifying and constructing theological presuppositions for a dialectical examination of the historical and current situation in Colombia, viewed in the light of the internal problems and realities. Thus, it is our intention in order to attempt a significant interdisciplinary juncture, to examine and interpret such relevant concepts as efficacious love, faith with works, kenosis, hypostatic union, hermeneutics and ethics of liberation, social justice, personal and collective socio-political conversion, and a praxis of faith as the church's mission in response to the Colombian context of poverty and violence.

Para inserir o indivÃduo na Sociedade da InformaÃÃo, alÃm de democratizar o acesso a Internet à preciso fornecer orientaÃÃo para o uso consciente dos benefÃcios que a tecnologia pode lhe proporcionar. Por isso, torna-se imprescindÃvel capacitar o ser humano para a comunicaÃÃo mediante a leitura, escrita e fala; para operacionalizaÃÃo de equipamentos eletrÃnicos, incluindo-se aà o computador conectado à Internet, onde a informaÃÃo e a consciÃncia de seu emprego serÃo os diferenciais para o processo de inserÃÃo desse sujeito na sociedade contemporÃnea. Isso enfatiza a existÃncia de cursos sobre a utilizaÃÃo da telemÃtica em programas/projetos de inclusÃo digital, de maneira que os usuÃrios possam ter condiÃÃes de acessar à Internet e utilizar o computador com autonomia, melhorando a qualidade de vida. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo: avaliar as repercussÃes que o curso NoÃÃes bÃsicas de utilizaÃÃo da Internet, desenvolvido pelo Programa de InclusÃo Digital do CCBNB produziu em seus egressos. A pesquisa utilizou o Estudo de Caso de posiÃÃo epistemolÃgica interpretativa e abordagem quali-quantitativa. Como mÃtodo de coleta de dados, optou-se pela pesquisa survey em corte transversal, de natureza exploratÃria. A amostra da pesquisa foi constituÃda por 54 egressos. Verificou-se nos depoimentos que as repercussÃes na inserÃÃo no mercado de trabalho sobre os egressos mostrou-se importante para renovar suas esperanÃas de conseguir espaÃo no mercado de trabalho. As expectativas dos concludentes em relaÃÃo à Internet estÃo voltadas para a melhoria e diversificaÃÃo na forma de aprender, utilizando a telemÃtica como facilitadora e incentivadora. Essa transformaÃÃo se consegue por meio de uma educaÃÃo que estimule a reflexÃo dos egressos sobre quais necessidades ou problemas possuem e que podem ser mais bem solucionados ou atendidos mediante a tecnologia, o que salienta a importÃncia de se incluir nos cursos de alfabetizaÃÃo digital a discussÃo sobre para que e por que se deve utilizar a Internet. Percebeu-se que a maior repercussÃo produzida pelo curso nos egressos foi a elevaÃÃo de sua auto-estima, evidenciada em quase todos os depoimentos. Isso ressaltou a importÃncia de se inserir avaliaÃÃes de eficÃcia e eficiÃncia nos programas de inclusÃo digital, contribuindo para o seu aprimoramento, dando transparÃncia aos recursos financeiros investidos e, sobretudo, possibilitando avaliar como se apresenta o nÃvel de fluÃncia tecnolÃgica dos egressos, que deve ser o principal objetivo desses programas / To involve one in the Information Society, besides the necessity for access to the Internet, it is necessary for one to be advised in its correct use and the benefits that modern technology have gives us. It is therefore vital for the human persons to be made capable of communication through reading, speaking, operating electronic equipment, including the computer connected to the Internet, where the information and awareness of its use will make all the difference for the userâs insertion in contemporary society. It is important to emphasize the existence of courses concerning the utilization in telecommunication programs and projects including digital projects, in such a manner that those using the computer will be well advise in the use of their computers after having access to the Internet, thus bettering their life quality. With this in mind the present study has as its objective: to access the repercussions of the course âBasic Notions for the use of the Internetâ as developed by Program for Digital Inclusion of the CCBNB, on those who completed the course. The research was a Case Study of an interpretative epistemological position and of a quali-quantitative nature. The method for collecting the data was a research survey in transversal cuts of an exploratory nature. The sample up of 54 students who completed the course. We verified in the testimonies of those questioned that the effects of the course gave them hope to be employed in the communications work force. Those who concluded the course also found it is easier to use diversification Internet as a form of learning using telecommunication as an incentive and facilitator. This transformation was achieved through an education that stimulated the students concerning the necessities they have that might be helped by the use of technology. This justifies the importance of include on digital literacy courses the discussion of why and how one ought to use the Internet. It was also noted from the repercussion produced by the course that it bettered the self-esteem of those who concluded it. It I therefore necessary to have an assessment of the value and efficiency of programs of digital inclusion for their improvement and the transparency of the financial resources invested in them, and above all, to verify the level of technological fluency of those concluded the course

MATOS, Márcia Melo de. Egressos de inclusão digital: estudo avaliativo. 2006. 118f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2006. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-26T15:35:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Dis_MMMatos.pdf: 405544 bytes, checksum: 7600a4a986cd68ae1af227301b3abf15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-27T12:01:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Dis_MMMatos.pdf: 405544 bytes, checksum: 7600a4a986cd68ae1af227301b3abf15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-27T12:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Dis_MMMatos.pdf: 405544 bytes, checksum: 7600a4a986cd68ae1af227301b3abf15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / To involve one in the Information Society, besides the necessity for access to the Internet, it is necessary for one to be advised in its correct use and the benefits that modern technology have gives us. It is therefore vital for the human persons to be made capable of communication through reading, speaking, operating electronic equipment, including the computer connected to the Internet, where the information and awareness of its use will make all the difference for the user’s insertion in contemporary society. It is important to emphasize the existence of courses concerning the utilization in telecommunication programs and projects including digital projects, in such a manner that those using the computer will be well advise in the use of their computers after having access to the Internet, thus bettering their life quality. With this in mind the present study has as its objective: to access the repercussions of the course “Basic Notions for the use of the Internet” as developed by Program for Digital Inclusion of the CCBNB, on those who completed the course. The research was a Case Study of an interpretative epistemological position and of a quali-quantitative nature. The method for collecting the data was a research survey in transversal cuts of an exploratory nature. The sample up of 54 students who completed the course. We verified in the testimonies of those questioned that the effects of the course gave them hope to be employed in the communications work force. Those who concluded the course also found it is easier to use diversification Internet as a form of learning using telecommunication as an incentive and facilitator. This transformation was achieved through an education that stimulated the students concerning the necessities they have that might be helped by the use of technology. This justifies the importance of include on digital literacy courses the discussion of why and how one ought to use the Internet. It was also noted from the repercussion produced by the course that it bettered the self-esteem of those who concluded it. It I therefore necessary to have an assessment of the value and efficiency of programs of digital inclusion for their improvement and the transparency of the financial resources invested in them, and above all, to verify the level of technological fluency of those concluded the course / Para inserir o indivíduo na Sociedade da Informação, além de democratizar o acesso a Internet é preciso fornecer orientação para o uso consciente dos benefícios que a tecnologia pode lhe proporcionar. Por isso, torna-se imprescindível capacitar o ser humano para a comunicação mediante a leitura, escrita e fala; para operacionalização de equipamentos eletrônicos, incluindo-se aí o computador conectado à Internet, onde a informação e a consciência de seu emprego serão os diferenciais para o processo de inserção desse sujeito na sociedade contemporânea. Isso enfatiza a existência de cursos sobre a utilização da telemática em programas/projetos de inclusão digital, de maneira que os usuários possam ter condições de acessar à Internet e utilizar o computador com autonomia, melhorando a qualidade de vida. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo: avaliar as repercussões que o curso Noções básicas de utilização da Internet, desenvolvido pelo Programa de Inclusão Digital do CCBNB produziu em seus egressos. A pesquisa utilizou o Estudo de Caso de posição epistemológica interpretativa e abordagem quali-quantitativa. Como método de coleta de dados, optou-se pela pesquisa survey em corte transversal, de natureza exploratória. A amostra da pesquisa foi constituída por 54 egressos. Verificou-se nos depoimentos que as repercussões na inserção no mercado de trabalho sobre os egressos mostrou-se importante para renovar suas esperanças de conseguir espaço no mercado de trabalho. As expectativas dos concludentes em relação à Internet estão voltadas para a melhoria e diversificação na forma de aprender, utilizando a telemática como facilitadora e incentivadora. Essa transformação se consegue por meio de uma educação que estimule a reflexão dos egressos sobre quais necessidades ou problemas possuem e que podem ser mais bem solucionados ou atendidos mediante a tecnologia, o que salienta a importância de se incluir nos cursos de alfabetização digital a discussão sobre para que e por que se deve utilizar a Internet. Percebeu-se que a maior repercussão produzida pelo curso nos egressos foi a elevação de sua auto-estima, evidenciada em quase todos os depoimentos. Isso ressaltou a importância de se inserir avaliações de eficácia e eficiência nos programas de inclusão digital, contribuindo para o seu aprimoramento, dando transparência aos recursos financeiros investidos e, sobretudo, possibilitando avaliar como se apresenta o nível de fluência tecnológica dos egressos, que deve ser o principal objetivo desses programas