Ikoniska auktoriteter är personer som tillskrivs sådan betydelse att de kommit att symbolisera delar eller aspekter av samhällslivet eller epoker i historien och som kan sägas ha haft ett betydande inflytande på samhället och kulturen. I studien undersöktesom ikoniska auktoriter påverkar oss mer eller annorlunda än andra källor. I ett experiment fick högskolestudenter uppdelade i fyra grupper läsa en text under hög elaboration om en psykologisk teori där variablerna ikonisk auktoritet och personligrelevans manipulerades. Deltagarna ombads sedan skatta vilken trovärdighet de ansåg att teorin hade. Studien ställde upp två hypoteser: att hög ikonisk aukto-ritet skulle öka den skattade trovärdigheten och personlig relevans minska den. Resultatet gav inte stöd åt någon av hypoteserna men en interaktionseffekt visade att texten vid låg personlig relevans uppfattades som mer trovärdig av de deltagare som exponerades för låg ikonisk auktoritet än de deltagare som exponerades för hög ikonisk auktoritet. Det föreslås att interaktionen beror på en backlash-effekt.

The premise that idioms are an important feature in second language learning and teaching is what underpinned the present study. The aim is to investigate what teaching method is the most effective for idiom retention; etymological elaboration or context elaboration. It is a small scale study run focusing on two groups of 9th grade students were approximately 80% of the students had Swedish as their mother tongue, whilst the remaining 20% had other languages. One group of 18 students where taught 15 opaque idioms. The idioms were presented with their etymology. The preference group consisted of 19 students and the same idioms were presented to this group in context. A pre-test was given to both groups in order to establish what idioms they already knew. A post-test was run immediately after the ecture, where the idioms were presented either in context or with their etymology, in order to determine the methods’ effect on immediate retention. After three weeks, a second post-test was run in order to discover the degree to which the idioms had reached the students’ longterm memory and compare the two teaching techniques accordingly. A questionnaire was also conducted in order to gauge out the students’ idiom awareness and to what degree they believed that the teaching method helped them to remember the idioms. The results of the study show that both teaching techniques are beneficial on idiom retention. Context elaboration, however, turned out to be most effective on immediate- and long-term retention.

L'étude et la réalisation de nanomatériaux font à l'heure actuelle l'objet d'une attention scientifique très soutenue. Atteindre la taille nanométrique ouvre en effet de nouvelles perspectives tant fondamentales que technologiques. L'objectif de cette thèse est de corréler les conditions d'élaboration et les propriétés structurales et électriques de matériaux à travers l'étude des nanofils d'antimoine (Sb) et d'or (Au). Par électrochimie, méthode peu onéreuse, nous avons élaboré des nanofils dans les pores de membranes. La détermination des conditions de synthèse nous a permis l'obtention de nanofils de qualité. L'analyse des processus d'électrodéposition nous a également conduit à la compréhension de certains mécanismes de la synthèse spécifique de nanomatériaux. Nous avons montré que pour des synthèses inscrites dans les cavités nanométriques d'une membrane d'épaisseur micrométrique l'extension de la couche de diffusion pouvait être réduite à l'épaisseur de la membrane. La seconde partie de ce mémoire concerne la caractérisation structurale et la détermination de la composition chimique des nanofils électrodéposés. Compte tenu de la taille nanométrique de nos objets, ce genre d'investigations requièrent des techniques de caractérisation bien spécifiques, notamment de haute résolution. Les études menées par la microscopie électronique en transmission (TEM) combinée avec la spectroscopie d'énergie dispersive des rayons-X (EDXS), ainsi que par la spectroscopie de pertes d'énergie des électrons (EELS), ont révélé entre-autres le caractère monocristallin de nos nanofils d'antimoine et d'or. Enfin, nous avons également exploité les propriétés électriques des nanofils d'or, en vue de nouveaux dispositifs pour écrans plats. Pour optimiser les conditions de mesure d'émission de champs, une méthode originale de fabriquer des réseaux de nanofils fixés verticalement sur un substrat a été mise au point. Les résultats préliminaires révèlent déjà un champ seuil d'émission (Ethr) égal à 3,2 V/µm, valeur prometteuse et comparable à celles obtenues à partir de nanotubes de carbone.

In spite of modern technological advancements that can convert wastewater into potable water, the acceptability of recycled water is generally low. This study examined strategies for increasing the public acceptability of recycled water. Based on the elaboration likelihood model, I hypothesized that issue relevance, argument quality, and delivery type would interact to produce differing levels of support for potable recycled water. Undergraduate students took part in a 2 (issue relevance: low, high) x 2 (argument quality: weak, strong) x 2 (delivery: textual, pictorial) online study relating to their opinion and support for the potential implementation of a potable recycled water system on campus. Issue relevance was manipulated by varying the completion date of implementing the system (low: five years; high: one year). Argument quality was manipulated by varying the complexity of the message presented (weak: point-form; strong: paragraph form). Delivery was manipulated by presenting water recycling processes in a textual or pictorial format. The hypotheses were not supported, although the means were in the predicted direction. Limitations and future directions are discussed. / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of elaborations on memory . Two types of elaborations (self-generated elaboration and experimenterprovided elaboration) were examined. The experiment consisted of three phases (incidental learning phase, immediate test phase, and delayed test phase). In the incidental learning phase, subjects were asked to make plausibility judgments about 28 fictitious episodes. Half of these were about well-known individuals and the other half were about unknown individuals. Each name (either well-known or unknown) was presented with either two supportive facts or without the supportive facts. During the immediate test phase, subjects were given unexpected memory tests. One week later, unexpected delayed memory tests were administered. Results from both immediate and delayed tests indicated that self-generated elaborations based on prior knowledge subjects had about well-known individuals enhanced the retention of target information, whereas experimenter-provided elaborations involving the presence of supportive facts only benefited memory performance when the subjects had prior knowledge about the individuals. Experimenter-provided elaborations were also effective to the extent that the encoding context was reinstated at testing.

<p>Forskning visar att budskap uppfattas olika beroende på perifera egenskaper. Syftet var att undersöka om man uppfattar personer från olika yrkesgrupper olika kopplade till samma budskap. En enkät inleddes med ett citat från en tidningsartikel. Deltagarna (<em>N </em>= 84) bedömde personen bakom uttalandet i fråga om grad av främlingsfientlighet respektive omsorg; i hälften angavs att en åklagare uttalat sig, i andra hälften en familjepedagog. Resultatet visade att det fanns en tendens till huvudeffekt att åklagaren skattades som fientligare än familjepedagogen samt en tendens att de med annan etnicitet skattade budskapet mer fientligt än etniskt svenska. Studien stödjer delvis antagandet att yrkesgrupp har betydelse för hur budskap uppfattas.</p>

Forskning visar att budskap uppfattas olika beroende på perifera egenskaper. Syftet var att undersöka om man uppfattar personer från olika yrkesgrupper olika kopplade till samma budskap. En enkät inleddes med ett citat från en tidningsartikel. Deltagarna (N = 84) bedömde personen bakom uttalandet i fråga om grad av främlingsfientlighet respektive omsorg; i hälften angavs att en åklagare uttalat sig, i andra hälften en familjepedagog. Resultatet visade att det fanns en tendens till huvudeffekt att åklagaren skattades som fientligare än familjepedagogen samt en tendens att de med annan etnicitet skattade budskapet mer fientligt än etniskt svenska. Studien stödjer delvis antagandet att yrkesgrupp har betydelse för hur budskap uppfattas.

The subject of the diploma thesis is a elaboration technical documentation of St.Peter’s and St. Paul’s church in Banske. The first part of the documentation includes the basic overview and study background description. Further on, the subject site description is developed along with detailed description of each step related to the surveying, processing, assessment and interpretation of the collected data. Final set of drawings includes the Site plan of surrounding lots, top views, cross and longitudinal sections and elevations.

This study examines the effects of single word modification on the perceived comprehension of individual sentences. A test was created by randomly selecting sentences from a college level American history textbook. Each sentence was analyzed using Nation's Range program, and the lowest frequency verbs were selected for modification. Each target verb was simplified (replaced with a higher frequency equivalent) or elaborated (left in the sentence, but followed by a parenthetical definition). Subjects received both treatment types and unmodified control items in a fifty-sentence test. Each sentence was rated by the subjects, as it was read, according to the amount of information the subject felt they comprehended. Results indicated no statistically significant difference in the comprehension ratings for simplified, elaborated or unmodified items. However, some trends were evident, indicating the possibility of effects that might become apparent with further study.

No description available.