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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Efeito da corrente interferencial na fibromialgia : ensaio clínico randomizado / Effect of interferential current on fibromyalgia : randomized clinical trial

Araújo, Fernanda Mendonça 27 February 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain and hyperalgesia, especially in specific points called |tender points|. Furthermore, this syndrome is associated with psychosomatic disorders, such as chronic fatigue, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. Interferential current (IFC) is a non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment commonly used in promoting the symptomatic relief of pain. However, there is little evidence to support the effective use of IFC in patients with FM and little is known about the optimal parameters of stimulation by IFC. Thus, the present study had, as objective, to investigate the effects of different intensities of stimulation with IFC in pain relief and the other disorders present in individuals with FM. This study is a randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind clinical trial. To assess the effects of IFC before and after treatment, the following outcomes were measured (with their respective instruments) in each session of application by IFC: pressure pain threshold (PPT: digital algometry), cutaneous sensory threshold (CST: von Frey filaments) and pain intensity at rest (11-point numeric rating scale). In addition, were also measured in the first and last day of treatment: impact of fibromyalgia (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire), depression level (Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), functional capacity (Sitting-Rising and Timed Up and Go tests), fear to move (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale), characterization of pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire), quality of life (Short Form Health Survey 36), temporal summation (temporal summation test), conditioned pain modulation (conditioned pain modulation test) and fatigue intensity (11-point numeric rating scale). Twenty nine women with FM were recruited and allocated to three groups: Motor (n=10; IFC was applied at high intensity, with motor contraction), Sensory (n=10; high intensity, but without motor contraction) and placebo (n=9). Patients allocated into the motor and sensory groups were stimulated at an amplitude-modulated frequency of 100 Hz, for 30 minutes. In the placebo group, the current was released only in the first 40 seconds of stimulation. Ten treatment sessions were performed and the electrodes were applied to the paravertebral region. The t Student test, Wilcoxon and ANOVA for repeated measures were used to compare the results found, intra-group, before and after treatment. In women allocated to the motor group, there was a significant increase PPT, measured in the conditioned pain modulation test (p≤0.03), and significant reduction in amplification of pain intensity in temporal summation (p=0.03) after the end of treatment. None of the studied group showed significant change in the PPT and CST values in 18 tender points specific to FM, and pain intensity each treatment session with IFC (p>0.05). However, only the motor group had a significant reduction in the impact of the disease (p=0.01), depression (p=0.006), anxiety state (p=0.01), kinesiophobia (p=0.002), catastrophizing (p=0.008), pain rating index (p=0.04), fatigue (p=0.02) and number of tender points (p=0.04), and increased quality of life (p=0.006). Thus, the results, obtained in this study, provide strong evidence that the IFC, only when applied in high intensities of stimulation, is an effective treatment in reducing pain and psychosomatic disorders present in patients with FM / A fibromialgia (FM) é uma síndrome caracterizada por dor musculoesquelética crônica generalizada e hiperalgesia, principalmente em pontos específicos, chamados tender points . Além disso, essa síndrome está associada a alterações psicossomáticas, como fadiga crônica, depressão, ansiedade e distúrbios do sono. A corrente interferencial (CI) é um tratamento não-farmacológico e não-invasivo comumente utilizado na promoção do alívio sintomático da dor. Apesar disso, há pouca evidência que suporte o uso efetivo da CI em pacientes com FM e pouco se conhece sobre os parâmetros ideais de estimulação por meio da CI. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve, como objetivo, investigar os efeitos de diferentes intensidades de estimulação com CI no alívio da dor, bem como das demais alterações presentes em indivíduos com FM. Este trabalho trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado por placebo e duplamente encoberto. Para avaliação dos efeitos da CI antes e após o tratamento, foram medidos os seguintes desfechos (com seus respectivos instrumentos) em cada sessão de aplicação da CI: limiar de dor por pressão (LDP: algometria digital), limiar sensitivo cutâneo (LSC: filamentos de von Frey) e intensidade de dor em repouso (Escala Numérica de 11 pontos). Além disso, foram também mensurados, no primeiro e no último dia de atendimento: impacto da fibromialgia (Questionário de Impacto da Fibromialgia), nível de depressão (Inventário de Depressão de Beck), ansiedade (Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado), capacidade funcional (testes de Sentar e Levantar e Timed Up and Go), medo de movimentar-se (Escala de Cinesiofobia de Tampa), catastrofização da dor (Escala de Catastrofização da Dor), caracterização da dor (Questionário de Dor McGill), qualidade de vida (Short Form Health Survey 36), somação temporal (Teste de Somação Temporal), modulação condicionada da dor (Teste de Modulação Condicionada da Dor) e intensidade de fadiga (Escala Numérica de 11 pontos). Foram recrutadas 29 mulheres com FM, que foram alocadas em três grupos de estudo: Motor (n=10; a CI foi aplicada em alta intensidade, com contração motora), Sensorial (n=10; alta intensidade, porém sem contração motora) e Placebo (n=9). As pacientes alocadas nos grupos motor e sensorial foram estimuladas com uma frequência de amplitude modulada em 100 Hz, durante 30 minutos. Já no grupo placebo, a corrente foi liberada apenas nos primeiros 40 segundos de estimulação. Foram realizadas 10 sessões de tratamento e os eletrodos foram aplicados na região paravertebral. Os testes t de Student, Wilcoxon e ANOVA para medidas repetidas foram utilizados para comparação dos resultados encontrados, intra-grupo, antes e após o tratamento. Nas mulheres alocadas no grupo motor, foi observado aumento significativo do LDP, mensurado no teste de modulação condicionada da dor (p≤0,03), além de redução significativa na amplificação da intensidade de dor da somação temporal (p=0,03) após o término do tratamento. Nenhum dos grupos de estudo apresentou alteração significativa dos valores de LDP e LSC nos 18 tender points específicos para FM, e na intensidade de dor a cada sessão de tratamento com CI (p>0,05). No entanto, apenas o grupo motor apresentou redução significativa no impacto da doença (p=0,01), depressão (p=0,006), estado de ansiedade (p=0,01), cinesiofobia (p=0,002), catastrofização (p=0,008), índice de classificação da dor (p=0,04), fadiga (p=0,02) e quantidade de tender points (p=0,04), além do aumento da qualidade de vida (p=0,006). Dessa forma, os resultados encontrados, no presente estudo, fornecem fortes evidências de que a CI, apenas quando aplicada em altas intensidades de estimulação, é um tratamento eficaz na redução da dor e alterações psicossomáticas presentes em indivíduos com FM.
152

Estimulação transcraniana por corrente continua na fase aguda do episódio depressivo maior: uma meta-análise de dados individuais / Transcranial direct current stimulation for acute major depressive episodes: meta-analysis of individual patient data

Adriano Henrique de Matos Moffa 30 May 2016 (has links)
Introdução: A Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua (ETCC) é uma intervenção não farmacológica com resultados discordantes quanto à sua eficácia para o tratamento do Episódio Depressivo Maior (EDM). Possivelmente devido a heterogeneidade dos estudos, as três meta-análises publicadas até agora sobre o assunto apontam para uma pequena vantagem a favor da técnica, dependendo da variável de desfecho analisada (melhora de depressão ou resposta). Todas essas meta-análises utilizaram dados agregados. Focamo-nos, no presente estudo, na realização de uma revisão sistemática da literatura e de uma meta-análise baseada em dados individuais de pacientes (MA-DIP) com Depressão Maior (DM) submetidos à ETCC na fase aguda. Este tipo de análise é mais preciso na avaliação da eficácia de uma intervenção e na obtenção dos preditores de respostas de tratamento, já que as características individuais de cada sujeito são consideradas ao invés das médias e frequências, como nas meta-análises de dados agregados. Objetivos: (1) avaliar a eficácia da ETCC na fase aguda da DM, (2) identificar preditores de resposta, remissão e melhora da depressão específicos e (3) avaliar a aceitabilidade da intervenção. Resultados: Os dados foram colecionados de 6 ensaios clínicos randomizados placebo controlados, totalizando 289 sujeitos. A ETCC ativa foi estatisticamente superior à estimulação simulada em relação à resposta (34% vs. 19%, respectivamente; RC=2,44, IC 95% = 1,38-4,32, NNT=7), remissão (23,1% vs. 12,7%, respectivamente; RC= 2,38, IC 95% = 1,22 - 4,64, NNT=9) e melhora da depressão (coeficiente = 0,35, IC 95% =0,12 0,57). Demonstrou-se que após ajustes para outros preditores e confundidores, depressão resistente a tratamento e doses mais altas de ETCC foram, respectivamente, inversa e diretamente associadas com a eficácia da ETCC. Conclusões: O tamanho de efeito do tratamento com ETCC foi comparável àqueles reportados, em outros estudos, para a Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana repetitiva (EMTr) e para o tratamento farmacológico (com antidepressivos tricíclicos e inibidores seletivos de recaptação de serotonina) na atenção primária para depressão. Os parâmetros mais importantes para otimização em ensaios clínicos futuros são a refratariedade da depressão e a dose da ETCC / Introduction: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a nonpharmacological intervention for depression. Randomised, sham-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) conducted hitherto have presented mixed results regarding its efficacy. Although recent meta-analyses suggest some efficacy when measuring depression symptoms using a continuous outcome, these meta-analyses were limited in their results as they used an aggregate data approach. We aimed therefore to perform an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis. In contrast to an aggregate data meta-analysis, an IPD approach uses the raw data of each participant within a study. IPD is more accurate in estimating the efficacy of an intervention since aggregate data meta-analyses present only summary estimates of efficacy. IPD meta-analysis is also superior to the aggregate data approach for obtaining predictors of treatment outcome, as the characteristics of each patient are assessed instead of the mean and frequency values obtained in the traditional aggregate data meta-analysis. Objectives (a) To provide precise estimates of tDCS efficacy based on continuous (depression improvement) and categorical (response and remission rates) outcomes, (b) to identify variables associated with tDCS efficacy and (c) to estimate the treatment acceptability. Results: Data were gathered from six randomised sham-controlled trials, enrolling 289 patients. Active tDCS was significantly superior to sham for response (34% v. 19%, respectively, odds ratio (OR) = 2.44, 95% CI 1.384.32, number needed to treat (NNT) = 7), remission (23.1% v. 12.7%, respectively, OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.224.64, NNT = 9) and depression improvement ( coefficient 0.35, 95% CI 0.120.57). Mixed effects models showed that, after adjustment for other predictors and confounders, treatment-resistant depression and higher tDCS doses were, respectively, negatively and positively associated with tDCS efficacy. Conclusions: The effect size of tDCS treatment was comparable with those reported for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and antidepressant drug treatment in primary care. The most important parameters for optimisation in future trials are depression refractoriness and tDCS dose
153

A systematic review of the non-invasive therapeutic modalities in the treatment of myofascial pain and dysfunction

Roopchand, Adelle Kemlall 09 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2014. / Background: Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction (MPD) is a diagnosis commonly encountered by practitioners, hence, there are several treatment approaches employed by various practicing physicians. Practitioners are required to perform evidence-based protocols on patients; however, such intervention becomes increasingly difficult with the increasing volume of evidence available with regards to treatment of MPD. A systematic review provides a well-structured, critical analysis of the available protocols, and as such, provides practitioners with an evidence-based summary of the available modalities and the effectiveness of these modalities. Thus, the aim of the study was to systematically review and evaluate the literature to determine the effects of various non-invasive modalities on MPD. Objectives: Studies investigating various non-invasive modalities were identified, evaluated against the inclusion criteria and then reviewed against PEDro criteria to present current available evidence regarding their effectiveness as a source of treatment for MPD. Methods: A literature search was conducted, based on key terms including: active and latent myofascial trigger points, manual therapy, manipulation, acupressure, massage, muscle stretching, ultrasound, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, electric stimulation therapy, magnetic field therapy, and exercise therapy. Databases searched were: PubMed, EBSCOhost, Medline, CINAL, Proquest, Health Source, Sport Discus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Google Scholar and Summons. The articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, after which a secondary hand and reference searches were performed. Thereafter, the articles were reviewed by four independent reviewers and the researcher. The PEDro Scale was used to determine methodological rigor of the included studies. The results were then analysed and ranked. Results: Following the screening process during data collection for this study, a total of 25 studies were identified and included. The review and ranking of these studies revealed a moderate level of evidence present for the effectiveness of Topical Agents. A limited level of evidence was noted for TENS, Ischemic Compression, Ultrasound, Laser and Other Modalities. Approximately 25% of the reviewed studies involved combination therapies; hence their outcomes cannot be applied to the effectiveness of individual modalities. Conclusion: Upon comparison of the quality of evidence available for the various types of modalities present for the treatment of MPD, it was noted that Topical Agents were supported by a stronger level of evidence than TENS, Ischeamic Compression, Ultrasound, Laser and Other Modalities. However, due to a lack of strong overall evidence for any of these modalities it has been concluded that more research is required to establish which modality is in fact the most effective.

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