Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:25:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilberto Paulo Wappler.pdf: 3228907 bytes, checksum: b89445d7a190e66455c34f9382fb8d2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work has the objective of implementing a structural optimization procedure in order to adjust the natural frequency of electric motors. This is accomplished by modifying some flange dimensions, which is the part connecting the motor to the system being driven. The implemented optimization algorithm is the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), which proved to be appropriate for the type of problem considered (non convex and with few design variables). The optimization formulation aims to get a motor/flange whose first natural frequency is equal to a specified value while observing the criterion of Rankine for brittle materials. Both the modal analysis and evaluation of the principal stresses are performed by a commercial finite element code. Due to the large computational cost associated to the combined use of PSO with an external finite element program, it is studied an approximation by least squares of the natural frequency and of the principal stresses. This procedure is effective and extremely efficient. Examples of flange designs obtained using the proposed formulation are presented and discussed, showing the validity of the procedure adopted. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo implementar um procedimento de otimização estrutural aplicado ao ajuste da frequência natural de motores elétricos. Isto é realizado pela modificação de algumas dimensões do flange, elemento de ligação entre o motor e o sistema que está sendo acionado. O algoritmo de otimização implementado é o PSO (Otimização por enxame de partículas), que se mostrou adequado ao tipo de problema considerado (não convexo e com poucas variáveis de projeto). A formulação de otimização tem como objetivo obter um conjunto motor/flange cuja primeira frequência natural seja igual a um valor estipulado, respeitando o critério de Rankine para materiais frágeis. A análise modal e de tensões é realizada por um programa comercial de elementos finitos. Devido ao grande custo computacional associado ao uso conjunto do PSO com um programa externo de elementos finitos, é estudada uma aproximação por mínimos quadrados da frequência natural e das tensões principais. Este procedimento se mostrou eficaz e extremamente eficiente. Exemplos de projetos de flange obtidos com o uso da formulação proposta são apresentados e discutidos, mostrando a validade do procedimento adotado.

An optimization of a servo system for a satellite antenna system wasperformed. A brushless DC motor with an angle encoder was used, whoseangular velocity had to be controlled with great precision. Specializedhardware was used to implement field oriented control to directlycontrol the torque and magnetic flux of the motor. Multiple velocitycontrollers were tested for the closed servo system, which controlledthe amplitude of the motor current to achieve the given reference valuefor the angular velocity. A PI regulator was tested and evaluated aslacking in terms of precision, which was caused by low resolution of theerror signal for the angular velocity of the motor. This in turn wascaused by low resolution of the angular velocity measurement. Theanguluar velocity error signal was filtered to combat this, and a feedforward method was implemented where the reference value for the angularvelocity was integrated over time to generate a reference value for theangular position. Since the angular position could be measured withbetter precision, a better error signal based on the angular positioncould be generated which was then used as input to another regulatorwhose output signal was added to the original regulator to increase theaccuracy of the system significantly. The two regulator output signalswere then weighted based on the reference value for the angularvelocity. This was done because the two regulators performed well fordifferent velocity bands, which this method took into consideration. Thefinal servosystem fullfilled the set requirements by a good margin.

Este trabalho apresenta as características básicas de uma máquina elétrica com fluxo axial, ímãs permanentes, rotor duplo e estator com enrolamentos toroidais montado entre os rotores. A máquina foi construída no Laboratório de Máquinas Elétricas, Acionamentos e Energia da Escola de Engenharia da UFRGS. O trabalho contém modelos analíticos para as induções magnéticas dos ímãs permanentes e dos enrolamentos de armadura. A partir dos modelos foram desenvolvidas expressões para o cálculo de forças eletromotrizes e de conjugados, sendo utilizado um software de matemática simbólica para realização dos cálculos. É apresentada uma comparação entre os resultados obtidos através do modelo analítico e os resultados obtidos por simulação numérica. Alguns resultados são comparados também com valores experimentais. As expressões para o cálculo de conjugado desenvolvido pela máquina serão detalhadas em uma etapa posterior. Foi obtida uma razoável coerência entre os dados comparados. / This work presents the basic features of an axial flux, permanent magnet, double rotor and toroidal windings mounted between the rotors. The machine was built in the Laboratory of Electrical Machines, Drives and energy of the School of Engineering of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The work contains analytical models of permanent magnets and armature windings magnetic inductions. Based in models, expressions of electromotive forces and torques were derived. The calculations were performed with a symbolical mathematical software. It is presented a comparison between results obtained with analytical model and results of the numerical simulation. Some comparisons include experimental results. The expressions of machine torque will be detailed in a next phase. The compared results present an acceptable conformity.

Este trabalho apresenta as características básicas de uma máquina elétrica com fluxo axial, ímãs permanentes, rotor duplo e estator com enrolamentos toroidais montado entre os rotores. A máquina foi construída no Laboratório de Máquinas Elétricas, Acionamentos e Energia da Escola de Engenharia da UFRGS. O trabalho contém modelos analíticos para as induções magnéticas dos ímãs permanentes e dos enrolamentos de armadura. A partir dos modelos foram desenvolvidas expressões para o cálculo de forças eletromotrizes e de conjugados, sendo utilizado um software de matemática simbólica para realização dos cálculos. É apresentada uma comparação entre os resultados obtidos através do modelo analítico e os resultados obtidos por simulação numérica. Alguns resultados são comparados também com valores experimentais. As expressões para o cálculo de conjugado desenvolvido pela máquina serão detalhadas em uma etapa posterior. Foi obtida uma razoável coerência entre os dados comparados. / This work presents the basic features of an axial flux, permanent magnet, double rotor and toroidal windings mounted between the rotors. The machine was built in the Laboratory of Electrical Machines, Drives and energy of the School of Engineering of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The work contains analytical models of permanent magnets and armature windings magnetic inductions. Based in models, expressions of electromotive forces and torques were derived. The calculations were performed with a symbolical mathematical software. It is presented a comparison between results obtained with analytical model and results of the numerical simulation. Some comparisons include experimental results. The expressions of machine torque will be detailed in a next phase. The compared results present an acceptable conformity.

Este trabalho apresenta as características básicas de uma máquina elétrica com fluxo axial, ímãs permanentes, rotor duplo e estator com enrolamentos toroidais montado entre os rotores. A máquina foi construída no Laboratório de Máquinas Elétricas, Acionamentos e Energia da Escola de Engenharia da UFRGS. O trabalho contém modelos analíticos para as induções magnéticas dos ímãs permanentes e dos enrolamentos de armadura. A partir dos modelos foram desenvolvidas expressões para o cálculo de forças eletromotrizes e de conjugados, sendo utilizado um software de matemática simbólica para realização dos cálculos. É apresentada uma comparação entre os resultados obtidos através do modelo analítico e os resultados obtidos por simulação numérica. Alguns resultados são comparados também com valores experimentais. As expressões para o cálculo de conjugado desenvolvido pela máquina serão detalhadas em uma etapa posterior. Foi obtida uma razoável coerência entre os dados comparados. / This work presents the basic features of an axial flux, permanent magnet, double rotor and toroidal windings mounted between the rotors. The machine was built in the Laboratory of Electrical Machines, Drives and energy of the School of Engineering of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The work contains analytical models of permanent magnets and armature windings magnetic inductions. Based in models, expressions of electromotive forces and torques were derived. The calculations were performed with a symbolical mathematical software. It is presented a comparison between results obtained with analytical model and results of the numerical simulation. Some comparisons include experimental results. The expressions of machine torque will be detailed in a next phase. The compared results present an acceptable conformity.

With the rapid growth of air travel, concerns about the emissions of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the air transportation sector are growing. Although the current battery technologies might not be adequate for all-electric regional aircraft, the energy density of the current battery technologies could be adequate to electrify light-sport aircraft used for training and recreation. Due to the nature of the propeller load and noise isolation of the cabin, switched reluctance motors can be an excellent candidate for the propulsion system of electrified light-sport aircraft. The proposed SRM is designed to replace a 70 kW permanent magnet synchronous motor used in the aerospace industry with similar volume constraints and operational requirements. In order to meet the high-power density requirements of this application, a design framework is proposed which includes several layers of the design process. The design objectifies are the average torque, torque ripple, and radial forces by integrating the control and geometry design into the proposed framework. A comprehensive design process is carried out with the proposed framework, and a detailed coil design process is performed. The rotor cut-outs are designed to reduce the weight of the motor. The thermal performance of the motor has been analyzed for the calculated motor losses and the cooling system constraints. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)