This thesis addresses the phenomena of Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNO): often MVNO do not come from the telecom sector but they rent the network to mobile operators to become fully mobile operators on their own. So they compete directly not only with the other mobile operators but also with their hosting mobile operator. Hosting MVNOs, supporting them from both operational and commercial perspectives are new challenges for the mobile operators: they have to set up a specific internal organization because they used to be a vertically integrated industrial structure. All of this represents tremendous changes for them. This thesis describes first the strategic models for hosting MVNOs. The regulatory aspects, that are an essential driver for the liberalization of network economies, are then analyzed. The key point is: are the MVNO able to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of mobile markets. Another important aspect is the modelling of a mobile network: the MVNOs will use some components while other components are unuseful for them. Without such model, it is impossible to derive the right costs and price to be charged to the MVNO in order to have a win win industrial model for both the MVNO and its hosting operator. A case study of a corporate MVNO focusing on needs of multinationals is analyzed. Such case study describes all the steps for an economic actor to become MVNO from scratch. Such MVNO are not yet present although there is a market demand. The last chapter makes a comparative study of the MVNO markets in the European Union. Cette étude aborde le phénomène des opérateurs de réseaux mobiles virtuels ; il s’agit d’acteurs économiques - parfois sans lien aucun avec les télécommunications - qui louent le réseau d’opérateurs mobiles ; ils deviennent à leur tour opérateurs à part entière au point de devenir concurrent non seulement des autres opérateurs mobiles mais aussi de l’opérateur mobile qui leur a loué une partie de son réseau. L’hébergement technique de l’opérateur virtuel, son support opérationnel et commercial, l’organisation que doit mettre en place l’opérateur mobile pour héberger son opérateur virtuel afin de partager avec lui son réseau sont des nouveaux défis auxquels les opérateurs mobiles, habitués à être des structures industrielles totalement intégrées verticalement, font face pour la première fois. Cette étude traite des modèles d’implémentation des opérateurs de réseaux mobiles virtuels : elle aborde d’abord les aspects stratégiques qui fixent le cadre pour les opérateurs mobiles qui veulent ou sont forcés à héberger des opérateurs virtuels. Les aspects réglementaires, une composante essentielle des économies de réseaux en voie de libéralisation, sont ensuite étudiés, en particulier, comment les opérateurs virtuels peuvent contribuer à améliorer la compétitivité et la libéralisation de ces marchés. L’étude modélise ensuite le réseau d’un opérateur mobile de façon à mettre en évidence les éléments à partager qui seront utilisés par l’opérateur virtuel. Cette modélisation est essentielle pour déterminer le coût de l’hébergement et du partage du réseau de façon à créer les conditions de rentabilité de ce modèle d’opérateur virtuel. On aborde enfin un cas d’étude d’un candidat à devenir opérateur de réseau mobile virtuel qui souhaite répondre à la demande transnationale des grandes entreprises. Ce type d’opérateur virtuel est encore inexistant de nos jours. Enfin, nous terminons par une étude comparée de la situation des opérateurs mobiles virtuels à travers l’Union Européenne.

The purpose of my diploma thesis is to determine whether regulation of fixed access electronic communications networks, as defined by the European regulatory framework, leads in Czech market to its objectives to be reached and possibly discuss the reasons for failure. For this purpose diploma thesis analyzed the development of two relevant markets focusing on competition in fixed telecommunications services. The work shows that the purpose of regulation is not completely filled, because there is no reduction in market share of incumbent at both markets. However, it is only because of settings of regulation. However, from the perspective of the end customer, competitive market exists. Author in the end proposes own solution to the problem in the form of deregulation of access obligation.

Women remain underrepresented in computer technology careers and university majors, and adolescent girls shy away from high school computer science courses. More information is needed about females who are attracted to computer technology. This study describes the online activities of young adolescent girls ages 12-14 who are high-end users of computer technology. Three developmental tasks of adolescence (search for identity, pursuit of social connections, and desire for a sense of competence and accomplishment) were used to frame explorations of the girls' online activities. Eight girls were interviewed, the personal web sites of six girls were analyzed, and postings on a message board for young girls interested in online activities were reviewed. Patterns and themes that emerged from the data indicated that Internet technology was an effective match for the informants' developmental tasks. Specific inferences included: (1)Online technologies offered the informants multiple ways of negotiating social relationships; (2) Internet use supported the informants' engagement in personalized, self-directed, and self-initiated learning; (3) Support from parents, siblings, and peers provided the environment for each girl to develop confidence and competence in Internet use; and(4) The informants' use of the internet reflected women's ways of knowing. / Ph. D.

This thesis analyses the evolution of the EU legal regulatory framework for electronic communications in light of the changes in the law's technological and business environment, namely the shift to Next Generation Networks (NGN). Using systems theory as its central research method, the thesis explores communications law as a self-referential phenomenon which, despite its internal attempts to promote itself by means of responding to the changing environment, remains locked-in by its own autopoietic structures. This is demonstrated by the law's traditional focus on voice telephony as the essential communications service provided in the public interest. Whereas the idea of 'technological neutrality' has enabled the law to embrace new applied technologies such as VoIP, it could not move its attention away from its autopoietic concepts to NGN-related issues such as net neutrality. Even though legal concepts without reference to any particular technology are increasingly used in regulation, as is the case with competition law images of 'relevant markets' and 'market power', the shift to NGN only remains visible to the law on its 'internal screen'. This becomes evident when the implementation of new technologies fails to achieve the results implied by the legal system, namely effective competition among different access infrastructures. Systems theory keeps a distance from both neo-liberal ideas that ideologically reject regulation, as well as from the autopoiesis of the NRAs' and the Commission's harmonising efforts, which inevitably result in more legal rules. Whereas the 'efficiency' of NGN investments cannot be implied based on the mere absence of ex ante regulation, the expected further proliferation of regulation based on the law's autopoietic programmes, although more cognitively open than before, will not be able to take on board all (possibly desirable) solutions that are not foreseen by the EU legal framework.

Elektroninių ryšių tinklų ir paslaugų reguliavimas Europos Sąjungoje yra svarbi kiekvienos šalies narės veiklos sritis. Daugelis mokslinių tyrimų bando analizuoti reguliavimo reikšmę, tikslus, principus, procesą, tačiau pasigendama darbų, kurie analizuotu reguliavimą ir jo poveikį tam tikriems faktoriams, apžvelgtu atskirų šalių narių pasiektus rezultatus elektroninių ryšių tinklų ir paslaugų reguliavimo srityje bei fiksuotu atsiradusias problemas. Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe buvo pažvelgta į reguliavimą iš kitos perspektyvos pateikiant konkrečių šalių narių pavyzdžius. / The thesis is devoted to a challenging object of discussions about regulation of electronic communications networks and services in European Union: problems and perspectives. The aim of this thesis is to find out how regulation effects competition environment in selected member states fraught analysing factors, which identifies regulation impact on completion in the relevant market. In particular, the first chapter deals with understanding of ex ante and ex post regulation principles. It reviews the way, in which telecommunications and related services are regulated, and the new challenges created by technological and other developments such broadband and increasing use of internet-based technologies. After a brief statement of grounds of choosing this topic, its actuality and novelty in EU, the main part of the paper gives analysis of the factors, which indicates regulation impact on competition. The focus is on broadband market regulation in selected member states, as mobile services tend to present lesser problems of regulation. The second chapter analyses identified factors to find out and to understand regulation impact on competition at the same time facing out current regulatory framework problems. Nine countries were selected according to their regulatory activity in electronic communications sector (member states, which have been taken a very active regulation of electronic communications sector and member states, which have been passive in it) to analyse how does... [to full text]

At this job the author acquaints with a new kind of criminality - crimes in sector of electronic communications, with threat which they cause physical and legal persons. The concept of a crime of sector of electronic communications is formulated, are resulted short classification of these a crime. Kinds and specific attributes of these a crime are certain, ways made a crime in this sector are discussed. Precedents in sector of electronic communications are considered. Some legal aspects a crime in sector of electronic communications are submitted, regulation of the legal responsibility internationally and in some foreign countries is analyzed. It is analyzed lacks of the Criminal code of the Lithuanian Republic and amendment for his updating and additions are offered.

"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in [Management] from the Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010." / Advisor(s): Ferrer, Geraldo. "March 2010." "Joint applied project"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Unique Item Identification, UID, Communications Security, COMSEC. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41). Also available in print.

The aim of my thesis is to analyse regulation of electronic communication market with regard to competition law aspects. Electronic communication sector of nowadays globalized world is developing rapidly and represents a precondition for the economic growth. Due to the characteristics of a network industry and the fact that this sector was regulated historically by monopoly firms owned by the state, the purpose of this paper is to identify which difficulties this market has to face through the dualistic regulation. To secure a fair competition with equal conditions for competitors operating electronic communication networks or providing electronic communication services is not an easy task, nevertheless it's essential for the welfare of the consumers. My thesis is composed of six main chapters. In the first one, I provide the definitions of the main terms which are related to this topic. Moreover, I focus on the characteristics of the electronic communication sector and integrate the topic into the historical context. In particular, I describe the beginning of the liberalisation of this sector and provide an outline of the harmonisation process which is represented by the legal provisions adopted by the European Union. Second and the most extensive chapter is dedicated to ex ante regulation which...

La coexistence du droit et des communications électroniques interroge, notamment quant à la prétention du droit à réguler la communication d'informations illicites en ligne. En vue de sanctionner efficacement la diffusion de ce type d'informations, l'harmonisation des droits au sein de l'Union européenne s'ajoute aux solutions conventionnelles. De plus, en droit français, l'obligation de sécurisation de l'accès aux services de communication au public en ligne coexiste avec le blocage de l'accès aux informations illicites. Autant d'obligations qui ont vivement sollicité les mécanismes juridictionnels destinés à assurer l'équilibre des droits fondamentaux et qui continuent d'interroger quant à la légitimité d'une possible sanction. Mais il est également à observer que le droit est, en amont, le vecteur du développement de l'accès aux communications électroniques. L'objectif de la norme juridique étant ici d'assurer la prévalence des mécanismes concurrentiels dans le développement et la diffusion des techniques de communication. Il apparaît alors que l'évolution des communications électroniques dépend d'une concurrence ordonnancée en droit. En faisant le choix d'une approche globale de la relation entre le droit et les communications électroniques, la présente étude révèle le caractère éminemment dialectique de la relation du droit à la technique. Portées par le droit, les communications électroniques sont aussi une source de sa perturbation avant de devenir un facteur de son évolution / The coexistence of the law and electronic communications raises, among other issues, the problem of online legal enforcement. In order to condemn the publication of illegal information, harmonization of law within the European Union coexists with conventional solutions. Moreover, French law has introduced an obligation to secure online access and develop the faculty to block access to illegal information online. This has required the intervention of jurisdictional mechanisms designed to ensure a fair balance among fundamental rights at stake. It leaves open, however, the issue of a possible and legitimate sanction. It is also to be observed that the law is key to the development of access to electronic communications. The goal that is pursued is to ensure the improvement and the dissemination of access to electronic communications through competition. It appears that access to electronic communications depends on a competition regulated by law. A holistic approach to the relationship between the law and electronic communications helps reveal a dialectical relationship between the law and technology. While the law supports the development of electronic communications, it is also a source of its disturbance, before becoming a factor of its evolution

The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the rights and obligations of mobile virtual network operators in the Czech Republic and the corresponding rights and obligations of mobile network operators. The first part of the paper looks at electronic communications in general. It begins with a description of the development of European Union electronic communications legislation, the currently valid Electronic Communications Act and its relation to the Code of Administrative Procedure. The paper then presents the legal regulation of administrative supervision, competition law, public consultation procedure, notification procedure and the procedural regulation of adopting a measure of general nature. The authority and the organization of the Czech Telecommunication Office (CTO) and a classification of the business models used by mobile virtual network operators is then detailed. The second part of the text addresses legal rules directly governing mobile virtual operators, commencing with the legal prerequisites for the provision of electronic communications services and a notification of intention to commence the provision of these services. A thorough exploration of the legal regulation of the access and interconnection and reference offers based upon this regulation is then included. The paper...