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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

An electromagnetically actuated rotary gate microvalve with bistability

Luharuka, Rajesh 03 January 2007 (has links)
Two types of rotary gate microvalves are developed for flow modulation in a microfluidic system that operates at high flow rate and/or uses particulate flow. This research work encompasses design, microfabrication, and experimental evaluation of these microvalves in three distinct areas compliant micromechanism, microfluidics, and electromagnetic actuation. The microvalve consists of a suspended gate that rotates in the plane of the chip to regulate flow through the orifices. The gate is suspended by a novel fully-compliant in-plane rotary bistable micromechanism (IPRBM) that advantageously constraints the gate in all other degrees of freedom. Multiple inlet/outlet orifices provide flexibility of operating the microvalve in three different flow/port configurations. The suspended gate is made of a soft magnetic material and is electromagnetically actuated like a rotor in a variable-reluctance stepper motor. Therefore, an external electromagnetic (EM) actuation at the integrated set of posts (stator) causes the gate mass to switch from its default angular position to a second angular position. The microvalve chip is fabricated by electroplating a soft magnetic material, Permalloy (Ni80Fe20) in a sacrificial photoresist mold on a Silicon substrate. The inlet/outlet orifices are then etched into the Silicon substrate from the back-side using deep-reactive ion etch process. Finally, the gate structure is released by stripping the PR and seed layers. This research work presents the realization of a new microvalve design that is distinct from traditional diaphragm-type microvalves. The test results are encouraging and show the potential of these microvalves in effectively modulating flow in microfluidic systems that may not require a tight seal. The microvalve uses a novel in-plane rotary bistable micromechanism that may have other applications such as optical shutters, micro-locks, and passive check valves.
182

Caracterização do cromo presente no lodo de galvanoplastia: avaliação técnica e econômica de processos de remoção / Characteristics of chromium from electroplating sludge: technical and economic evaluation of removal processes

ALVES, LUCAS C. 22 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T12:30:02Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T12:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
183

Investigação dos mecanismos de transporte de massa em eletrólitos quase-bidimensionais / Investigation of the mechanisms of mass transport in quasi-two- dimensional electrolytes

Cunha, Thiago Henrique Rodrigues da 12 March 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 8467218 bytes, checksum: 0211f4adc2950da48cc48666acfb1126 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this study, we analyzed the effects of a uniform magnetic field on the electrodeposition of iron quasi-two-dimensional electrolytic cells. We used circular cells - with an outer ring anode and a central point cathode, and rectangular cells - with parallel line electrodes. When a voltage difference is applied between the electrodes of the electrolytic cell, we observed the formation of a ramified aggregate as result of the reduction of the metallic ions. It is believed that the process of mass transport (of ions) giving rise to the deposit is governed mainly by diffusion and migration. However, it has been shown by experiments that the convection in an ultra thin layer of electrolyte, could be driven by two different sources: Coulomb forces due to electrical charges located at the ends of branches, and by buoyancy forces due to concentration gradients that lead to density gradients. The application of a magnetic field induces forces that can changes these transport process. We found that when a magnetic field is applied parallel to the cell, the deposit show a branched structure different from that observed in the absence of it. In the case of low current density and 2D circular cells, the deposit loses its radial symmetry and grows in a centered rectangular symmetry at the cathode. For higher current density, a new radial symmetry break is observed; the deposit grows in the lozenge shape centered on the cathode. Viewed from the magnetic field direction, it was observed a predominant growth in the lozenge right side, resulting in a small asymmetry in the pattern; fact not observed in the rectangular pattern. In the rectangular cells, we found that when a magnetic field is applied to the growth direction and perpendicular to the electric current, the deposit show morphology different from that structure with slender filaments arranged parallel to each other observed in the absence of it. The field produces an interlacement of the branches of the aggregate that leads to a structure compound by a set of entangled filaments, with gaps as a regular network. Based on morphological transitions and the continuous monitoring of electrical current, we interpret the formation and selection of the patterns as result of the competition between the electric and magnetic forces. Beyond the directly interaction with the ions in motion through Lorentz force, the magnetic field also induces the magnetization of the deposit, which give rise magnetic dipolar forces in the system. The interplay of electric, dipolar and Lorentz forces with the movement of the free ions in solution and with the movement of liquid as a whole, limits the freedom of orientation that a new particle has to join the aggregate. Therefore, the morphology of the deposit is conditioned by the map of these forces in its neighborhood. / Neste trabalho, analisamos os efeitos de um campo magnético uniforme sobre a eletrodeposição de ferro em células eletrolíticas quase-bidimensionais. Foram utilizadas células com geometria circular - onde o ânodo é um anel externo e o cátodo um ponto central, e células com geometria retangular onde os eletrodos são dois fios paralelos colados sobre uma base. Quando é aplicada uma tensão entre os eletrodos da célula eletrolítica, observamos a formação de um agregado ramificado como resultado da redução dos íons metálicos da solução. Acredita-se que o processo de transporte de massa (dos íons) que dá origem ao depósito seja governado, sobretudo pela difusão e pela migração. Entretanto, tem sido demonstrado através de experimentos que a convecção, em uma camada ultra fina de eletrólito, poderia ser impulsionada por duas fontes diferentes: forças coulombianas devido a cargas elétricas localizadas nas extremidades das ramificações; e forças de empuxo resultantes de gradientes de concentração que levam a gradientes de densidade. Quando um campo magnético é aplicado, as forças induzidas provocam modificações no processo de transporte. Verificamos que quando um campo magnético é aplicado paralelamente ao plano da célula, o depósito passa a apresentar uma estrutura ramificada diferente daquela observada na ausência do mesmo. No caso de baixa densidade de corrente e células circulares 2D, o depósito perde sua simetria radial característica e cresce em uma simetria retangular centrada no cátodo. Para uma densidade de corrente maior, uma nova quebra de simetria é observada; o depósito cresce na forma de losango centrado no cátodo com um crescimento predominante no lado direito. Nas células retangulares, verificamos que a introdução do campo magnético, paralelo ao plano de crescimento e perpendicular direção da corrente elétrica, produz um entrelaçamento das ramificações do agregado. A estrutura, antes formada por filamentos delgados dispostos paralelamente uns aos outros, passa a apresentar um conjunto emaranhado de filamentos, com aberturas regulares como uma rede. Com base nas transições morfológicas observadas e no monitoramento continuo da corrente elétrica, interpretamos a formação e seleção dos padrões como resultado da competição entre as forças elétricas e magnéticas. O campo magnético, além de interagir diretamente com os íons em movimento, induz a magnetização do depósito, o que leva ao surgimento de forças magnéticas dipolares no sistema. A influência mútua das forças elétrica, dipolar e de Lorentz no movimento dos íons livres e no movimento do líquido como um todo, limita a liberdade de orientação que uma nova partícula tem ao se juntar ao agregado. Dessa maneira, a morfologia do depósito acaba sendo determinada pelo perfil dessas forças em sua vizinhança.
184

ModificaÃÃo QuÃmica da Casca do Coco Bruto (Cocos Nucifera) para RemoÃÃo de Cu(II) de Efluente SintÃtico e Industrial: Estudo de Isoterma de AdsorÃÃo, CinÃtica e Coluna de Leito Fixo / Chemical modification of bark Gross Coco (Cocos Nucifera) Removal of Cu (II) and Synthetic Industrial Effluent From: Study of Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetic and Fixed Bed Column

Vicente de Oliveira Sousa Neto 31 October 2013 (has links)
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Os metais pesados sÃo conhecidos por serem altamente tÃxicos em baixÃssimas concentraÃÃes na Ãgua. Sendo assim, numerosos estudos tem sido dedicados à sua remoÃÃo a limites aceitÃveis do ponto de vista ambiental. Tais pesquisas se concentram, principalmente, no desenvolvimento de uma remoÃÃo eficiente e de baixo custo. Muitos mÃtodos tÃm sido propostos para remoÃÃo de metais pesados, por exemplo, precipitaÃÃo, membranas filtrantes, troca iÃnica e adsorÃÃo. A precipitaÃÃo à um dos mÃtodos que mais vem sendo utilizado embora seja um mÃtodo inadequado no que se refere a impactos ambientais por gerar resÃduos. A casca de coco oferece facilidade natural de ser encontrado e manejado, por isso à um dos materiais mais estudados para fins de reaproveitamento. Este trabalho se propÃe a fazer um estudo de adsorÃÃo de Cu+2 utilizando casca de coco modificado como adsorbente. As modificaÃÃes empregadas foram (a) por polimerizaÃÃo do formaldeÃdo em meio sulfÃrico; b) Tratamento com lÃquido iÃnico e c) EsterificaÃÃo por Ãcido multicarboxÃlicos e multifenÃlicos. Os modelos aplicados para o estudo de isotermas foram de Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin e Dubinin âRaduschevich. Aplicando o modelo de Langmuir no estudo de adsorÃÃo de Cu(II) no adsorbente modificado BCFB a capacidade mÃxima de adsorÃÃo qm e a constante KL foram 125 mg/g e 1,11x10-1 L.mg-1 para o Cu+2 . Para os adsorbentes BC/LI e BCTÃnico o valor de qm foram 64,5 e 99mg.g-1 , respectivamente enquanto o valor de KL foram 5,3x10-2 e 5,6x10-2 , respectivamente . O modelo cinÃtico que melhor se ajustou ao fenÃmeno foi o de segunda ordem. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a casca de coco quimicamente modificado à um potencial adsorbente para remoÃÃo de Cu+2. O estudo de coluna foi empregado para verificar a desempenho do adsorbente quando se emprega efluente industrial. Nas condiÃÃes empregadas neste estudo a modificaÃÃo com Ãcido tÃnico foi a que teve melhor desempenho de remoÃÃo. Destaca-se tambÃm a capacidade de reutilizaÃÃo do adsorbente que promove uma diminuiÃÃo do custo operacional quando à considerada sua aplicabilidade numa escala industrial. / The heavy metals are known to be highly toxic at very low concentrations in water. At this point, numerous studies have been dedicated to their removal to acceptable limits of an environmental point of view. Such researches are focused mainly in developing an efficient removal and low cost. Many methods have been proposed for removing heavy metals, for example, precipitation, membrane filtration, ion exchange and adsorption. The precipitation is one method that has been used more although an inappropriate method regarding the environmental impact for generating residues. The bagasse, coconut offers natural facility to be found and handled, so it is one of the most studied materials for reuse. This paper aims to make a study of adsorption of Cu 2+ using bagasse as adsorbent modified coconut. The modifications were employed (a) by polymerization of formaldehyde in sulfuric acid medium, b) treatment with ionic lÃguido c) Esterification acid and multicarboxÃlicos multifenÃlicos. The models applied to the study of isotherms were Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Raduschevich. Applying the model in the study of Langmuir Adsorption of Cu (II) adsorbent modified BCFB the maximum adsorption capacity qm and kL were contained 125 mg.g-1 and 1.11 x10-2L.mg for Cu +2. For adsorbentes BC / LI and BCTÃnico the qm value were 64.5 and 99mg.g-1 respectively as kL value were 5.3 x10-2 5.6 x10-2 respectively. The kinetic model that best fit the phenomenon was the second order. The results showed that the coconut coir chemically modified is a potential adsorbent for removing Cu2+. The study column was used to verify the performace of the adsorbent when employing industrial effluent. Under the conditions employed in this study was modified with tannic acid that had shown the best removal performance desempenho removal. Also the reusability of the adsorbent is remarkable since it promotes a lowering cost, considering its applicability on an industrial scale.
185

Caracterização do cromo presente no lodo de galvanoplastia: avaliação técnica e econômica de processos de remoção / Characteristics of chromium from electroplating sludge: technical and economic evaluation of removal processes

ALVES, LUCAS C. 22 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T12:30:02Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T12:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O lodo gerado em processos de galvanoplastia é classificado pela ABNT NBR 10.004/04 como perigoso (classe I). Na literatura encontram-se poucos estudos referentes à recuperação do cromo presente no lodo gerado em sistemas de tratamento de efluentes de indústrias de galvanoplastia. Neste sentido, o presente estudo avaliou a remoção do cromo presente no lodo de galvanoplastia por meio de dois processos, visando avaliar à eficiência técnica e a viabilidade econômica de ambos. O Processo 1 consistiu na remoção do cálcio utilizando o ácido cítrico, seguida de lixiviação ácida. Na etapa de oxidação, variou-se a temperatura em 40ºC, 60ºC e 80ºC e no tempo de 30, 60 e 90 minutos, tendo em vista que a eficiência do processo de oxidação depende da temperatura e tempo. Nesta etapa do processo as concentrações de peroxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) utilizadas foram de 1,50, 3,00 e 4,50 mol.L-1. O Processo 2 realizou a oxidação do cromo sem efetuar as etapas de extração do cálcio e a lixiviação ácida. A oxidação do cromo ocorreu pelo mesmo método apresentado no Processo 1. A caracterização elementar da amostra determinou que o principal elemento constituinte do lodo é o cálcio (20,05% em massa), e que dentre os metais pesados destacam-se o cromo e o níquel (6,52% e 4,33% em massa, respectivamente). A maior eficiência de remoção do cálcio foi obtida na razão mássica de 8,00 (ácido cítrico/hidróxido de cálcio), com 51,76% em massa, seguida pela razão mássica de 5,50 com 36,75% em massa e 2,50 com 24,83% em massa. O melhor resultado de oxidação do cromo no Processo 1 foi obtido com tempo de 30 minutos, temperatura de 60ºC e concentração de peroxido de hidrogênio de 3,00 mol.L-1, com eficiência de 41,09% em massa. No Processo 2, obteve-se a remoção de 37,96% em massa de cromo a temperatura de 80ºC, por uma hora e 3,00 mol.L-1 de peróxido de hidrogênio. Avaliando os custos para remoção do cromo dos dois processos, determinou-se que o Processo 1 foi mais oneroso que o 2, porém ambos não apresentaram viabilidade econômica para aplicação em escala industrial. Nos dois processos efetuou-se a oxidação do cromo presente no lodo de galvanoplastia, permitindo a sua remoção parcial neste resíduo. Com isso obtiveram-se ganhos ambientais, pela diminuição deste elemento no resíduo de galvanoplastia, que na maioria das vezes é disposto em aterros classe I, gerando um passivo ambiental. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
186

Elektrody pro elektrolyzér / Electrodes for electrolyser

Kaňa, Ondřej January 2009 (has links)
In my diploma work i focus on the production hydrogen by electrolysis of water using by electrolyzer. Especially, i concentrate on preparation electrodes for laboratory electrolyzer. I work on principles of increasing electrodes area, increasing functional surface of electrodes, by Nickel – Zinc coatings. By electroplating or chemical plating we spread microlayer of Nickel-Zinc onto electrodes made of steel plate. Then, in alkali - hydrate oxide, we will corrode Zinc components off the alloy and this is how we create pore surface of electrode. From macroscopic view, electrode has same geometrics propositions, however from microscopics view, the electrode has bigger surface area. The hydrogen production increases with unchanget sizes of electrolyzer.
187

Bezpečnostní studie technologie galvanického pokovování / Safety Analysis of Electroplating Technologie

Nechvátalová, Ivana January 2008 (has links)
Submitted thesis deal with estimation safeness of electroplating technologi with reference to occurrence hazardous substances falls on man and environment. To identification diversification was used quantitative risk assessment and chemical exposure index.
188

Výroba optických zrcadel pro vysokofrekvenční antény / Manufacture of optical mirrors for high-frequency antenna

Muzikant, Dušan January 2011 (has links)
This thesis deals with problems with manufacturing of high frequency elliptic and hyperbolic optic mirrors, which makes one of the most important functional parts of parabolic satellites made for biggest and highest placed international astronomical radio-telescope in the world - ALMA, which is built on Chajnantor plateau in Chille in South America. Individual chapters are designed in the flow of technological process of manufacturing, containing theoretical and practical analysis of the problems. Content of the thesis leads especially to description and clarification of individual causes of problems during manufacturing.
189

Praseodymium Oxide and Organic Modified Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Electrodeposition of Nickel-Ceramic Nanocomposites to Enhance Corrosion Protection and Mechanical Properties

Sanders, Stephen 05 1900 (has links)
There is a consistent need in many industries, especially oil and gas, to develop coatings which have higher corrosion resistance and better hardness to extend the lifetime of equipment when it is exposed to hostile environments. Electrodeposition has been a favorable method in the synthesis of metal coatings because of its low cost, convenience, ability to work at low temperatures, and ability to control surface morphology and structure. The inclusion of ceramic nanoparticles in metal matrix composites has previously been investigated as a technique to not only increase the corrosion resistance of the native metal but also to improve the hardness and mechanical properties. Cerium oxide nanoparticles were modified through the grafting of organic groups with increasing hydrophobicity for use in nickel coatings on stainless steel to further improve the corrosion properties while maintaining the hardness of the nanocomposite coatings. The process of modifying the cerium oxide nanoparticles involved the use of aryl diazonium salts and resulted in multilayers forming on the surface of the nanoparticles. Praseodymium oxide nanoparticles were also investigated as additives to nickel coatings, since praseodymium oxide has not yet been studied as a possible corrosion protection enhancement in coatings. These coatings were evaluated for composition and corrosion using many different types of instrumental and electrochemical techniques. With the addition of both the modified cerium oxide nanoparticles and the praseodymium oxide nanoparticles into nickel coatings, an increase in coating hardness and corrosion resistance was observed over pure nickel, resulting in an improvement of the lifetime of these coatings.
190

Investigation of Electroplating 4D Printed Antenna & Developing 3D Printed Lithium Batteries

Barnawi, Muneer Idris 10 May 2022 (has links)
No description available.

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