abstract: The adaptation and integration of the mainstream and ethnic culture are important processes to understand as they have been associated with immigrant and minority youth's adjustment and family dynamics. However, few studies focusing on youth's cultural experiences have explored youth's active role in their own cultural development, and even less have explored youth's role in influencing parents' cultural development. In the current dissertation, two studies addressed these issues by using a within-family longitudinal design to explore 246 Mexican American youth's role in their own and their families' cultural development. The first study examined the reciprocal associations in parents' and two offspring's cultural values to examine developmental differences in parent-youth socialization processes. Overall, the importance of mothers' values was highlighted as a significant predictor of increases in youths' values, five years later. In addition, Study 1 highlighted situations where youth play an active role in their parents' cultural development as youths' lower endorsement of respect for elders values was associated with increases in fathers' value endorsement, five years later. The second study explored the associations between youth's imitation and de-identification from parents and parent-youth incongruence in Mexican and Anglo cultural orientations. Youths' active role in their cultural development was underscored, as youths' reports of de-identifying from parents were linked to more incongruence in parent-youth Anglo orientations. Further, important family characteristics (i.e., parent-youth warmth and demographic similarities) were shown to predict youths' more imitation and less de-identification from parents. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Family and Human Development 2012

The foundational international business (IB) scholarship grappled with whether multinational enterprises (MNEs) are largely efficiency-enhancing or market-power inducing institutions. Contemporary scholarship, however, often associates foreign direct investment (FDI) with efficiency-enhancing properties and thus neglects the market-power interpretation of the MNE. Such an imbalance is problematic given that the theoretical and empirical justifications behind the field's embrace of the efficiency interpretation are not fully evident. Instead, both efficiency and market-power effects are seemingly present in cross-border investment activity. Based on a comprehensive sample of up to 4,361 cross-border investments materializing between 1986 and 2010, we present theoretically-grounded hypotheses with regard to when market-power effects will tend to dominate efficiency effects. We find that cross-border investments undertaken by emerging-market MNEs in both developed and emerging markets tend to involve substantial efficiency effects and minimal market-power effects when compared with the cross-border investments undertaken by developed-country MNEs in both developed and emerging markets.

This work drafts some ideas in relation to new perspectives on the notion of human rights. It underlines two fields that show its widening: the sources where rights are born and the extension of its meaning. / Este trabajo esboza algunas ideas en relación a nuevas perspectivas de la noción derechos humanos y destaca, particularmente, dos ámbitos que demuestran su ampliación: las fuentes a través de las cuales estos derechos nacen y la extensión de su significado.

Submitted by Thiago Curado (tlcurado@gmail.com) on 2015-04-27T20:26:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Curado.pdf: 578449 bytes, checksum: dfeb58219bdc5802a75cdc91152f024c (MD5) / Rejected by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br), reason: Bom dia Thiago, Por favor, incluir a página de agradecimento e como o trabalho é em inglês é necessário o Abstract vir antes do Resumo. Att. Suzi 3799-7876 on 2015-04-28T11:54:19Z (GMT) / Submitted by Thiago Curado (tlcurado@gmail.com) on 2015-04-28T18:12:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Curado.pdf: 578450 bytes, checksum: 2f94ba41c57666b11eebe216d8941c44 (MD5) / Rejected by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br), reason: Thiago, Falta a folha de agradecimentos, pelo menos seu orientador é necessário agradecer. É uma página antes do abstract. Aguardo Grata. Suzi on 2015-04-28T18:55:09Z (GMT) / Submitted by Thiago Curado (tlcurado@gmail.com) on 2015-04-28T20:04:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Curado.pdf: 579686 bytes, checksum: f41554f1122e5984524dcf04b028082b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2015-04-29T11:55:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Curado.pdf: 579686 bytes, checksum: f41554f1122e5984524dcf04b028082b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-29T13:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Curado.pdf: 579686 bytes, checksum: f41554f1122e5984524dcf04b028082b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / There is substantial evidence that terms of trade behavior are relevant to understand both the macroeconomic dynamics and the default risk of emerging markets. Nevertheless, the literature of sovereign debt that follows Eaton and Gerzovitz (1981) and Arellano (2008) has not yet adequately explored the connections between terms of trade and default incentives. We advance in this field, introducing terms of trade volatility to the model proposed by Mendoza and Yue (2012), where the sovereign debt decisions are linked to a general equilibrium model for the domestic economy. We find that an economy that faces stochastic terms of trade innovations can produce a consumption variability that highly exceeds the output variability, which is a key stylized fact of emerging markets business cycles. Our exercises also show that default episodes are driven by sudden shifts in the terms of trade but are no necessary related with bad times. / A evidência empírica aponta que Termos de Troca é uma variável relevante tanto para dinâmica macroeconômica como para o risco de default em países emergentes. No entanto, a literatura de dívida soberana baseada nos trabalhos de Eaton e Gerzovitz (1981) e Arellano (2008) ainda não explorou de forma adequada as conecções entre a dinâmica de termos de troca e incentivos ao default. Nós contribuímos nessa área, introduzindo volatilidade de Termos de Troca no modelo proposto por Mendoza e Yue (2012), no qual as decisões de dívida soberana são vinculadas à um modelo de equilíbrio geral para a economia doméstica. Nós encontramos que uma economia exposta à volatilidade dos termos de troca consegue produzir uma variabilidade do consumo que supera significativamente a variabilidade do produto, característica que constitui um fato estilizado chave de business cycles de países emergentes. Nossos exercícios também mostram que decisões de default são geradas por mudanças bruscas nos termos de troca, mas não necessariamente estão vinculados à estados ruins da economia.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T21:00:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 martapenteado.pdf.jpg: 11699 bytes, checksum: 9232ff3dc532a9afde1daef98ac3b484 (MD5) martapenteado.pdf: 450658 bytes, checksum: 9cc147f1c5bd4707d13b11128587b27e (MD5) martapenteado.pdf.txt: 63539 bytes, checksum: 9cfa646fd6544835b97c815999281d1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z / The goal of this paper is to evaluate the validity of Taylor principle when it comes to controlling inflation in seven developing countries that use inflation targeting regimes: Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, South Africa and Turkey. The test is based on a state-space model to determine when each country have followed the principle, then, a threshold unit root test is used to verify if the stationarity of the deviation of the expected inflation in relation to the target depends on the compliance with Taylor principle. The results show that the compliance with Taylor principle leads to the stationarity of the deviation of the expected inflation in relation to the target in all cases. Furthermore, in most of the cases the non-compliance with Taylor principle leads to a non-stationary deviation of the expected inflation. / O presente trabalho busca testar a validade da Regra de Taylor no controle da inflação em sete países emergentes que adotam o sistema de metas inflação: Brasil, Colômbia, México, Polônia, Turquia, África do Sul e Filipinas. A estimação e inferência são realizadas a partir de um modelo de estado espaço para determinar os períodos em que os países seguiram a regra. Em seguida é realizado um teste de raiz unitária com threshold para verificar se o desvio da inflação em relação a meta depende (ou não) da indicação dada pela Regra de Taylor. Os resultados obtidos indicam que em países que seguem a Regra de Taylor, o desvio da expectativa de inflação em relação a meta é estacionário, em todos os casos. Em contrapartida, na maioria dos casos em que a Regra de Taylor não é respeitada, o desvio da expectativa de inflação em relação à meta é não-estacionário.

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to accurately predict and reason about the mental states and beliefs of others, has yet to be explored in Emerging Adulthood, the 18-25 age range characterized by variability and developing a flexible worldview. The current study attempts to predict accuracy and response time on two ToM tasks, The Mind in the Eyes task (MiE), and the Empathetic Accuracy Paradigm (EAP) task by acting experience (whether the participant has acted in a live theater performance) and college experience (freshmen, sophomore, etc.) in 116 college participants. It was hypothesized that regression models including acting experience and college experience will account for more variance than models including only demographic variables and that the models including acting and college experience will significantly predict accuracy and response time on all ToM tasks. All such models predicting accuracy were significant, while only a model predicting response time on the EAP task was significantly predictive. It was hypothesized that acting experience will enable participants to use Theory of Mind skills faster and more accurately (Goldstein & Winner, 2012). Multiple regression analyses confirmed that acting experience is a significant predictor in all models predicting accuracy on Theory of Mind tasks, however response time was a significant predictor in only one of two tasks. It was also hypothesized that college experience will result in a more flexible worldview, open to multiple viewpoints and opinions, significantly influencing response time and accuracy. Multiple regression analyses revealed college experience approached significance in a model predicting accuracy on the MiE task, but no other significant contributions. Implications for the benefits of acting and college experience, the study of Theory of Mind in Emerging Adulthood, and practical applications of the findings in academia and therapeutic settings are discussed.

Theory of Mind (ToM) is often defined as “the ability to reason about mental states, such as beliefs, desires, and intentions, and to understand how mental states feature in everyday explanations and predictions of people’s behavior” (Apperly, 2012, p. 825). Recent research has introduced questions about performance on ToM tasks in emerging adulthood, a developmental period (ages 18-27) where exploration and identity formation occurs. The current study examined group differences between college students with acting experience, a population hypothesized to excel in ToM and empathy, and students without acting experience on cognitive and affective measures of ToM and empathy. The current study (N=162) used multiple tasks to measure ToM the Reading the Mind in the Eyes task (RME), Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC), Faux Pas task (detection and belief subscales). All four subscales (perspective taking, fantasizing, empathic concern, personal distress) of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) was used to measure empathy. It was hypothesized that students with acting experience would perform significantly better than those without acting experience on all measures of ToM and empathy. It was also hypothesized that the way emerging adults process identity relevant information, as assessed by the Identity Style Inventory (ISI), would be related to ToM and empathy. Students with acting experience performed significantly better on the RME task and the belief subscale of the Faux Pas task. Better performance on the RME task and the belief subscale of the Faux pas task suggest advantages in emotion processing and belief reasoning for students with acting experience. No group differences were observed on the IRI. Informational processing style was positively related to all measures of ToM and all empathy measures except the personal distress subscale of the IRI. Normative and diffuse-avoidant identity processing style was negatively related to all measures of ToM and the personal distress subscale of the IRI. Normative identity processing style was negatively related to the fantasizing subscale of the IRI. The current study supports a relationship between identity processing style in emerging adulthood and measures of ToM and empathy. A factor analysis was conducted to examine relationships between ToM and empathy, finding no distinctions between affective and cognitive dimensions but a clear difference between ToM and empathy. Students with acting experience performed significantly better on the ToM factor but no other factors, supporting the previous analyses. Implications for further research, therapeutic interventions, and occupational training integrating acting experience are discussed.

Ethnic identity is an important aspect of individuals’ sense of self. For individuals identified as ethnic minorities, ethnic identity has been found to be a potential protective factor for overall well-being. Multiracials (i.e., individuals identified with two or more races) are one of the fastest growing minority populations in the United States. Limited research examining multiracials’ ethnic identity development currently exists. Furthermore, there is a paucity of ethnic identity literature examining longitudinal ethnic identity growth from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Ethnic minority adolescents, such as multiracials, and emerging adults are often at higher risk for lower psychological well-being and higher substance use. Therefore, understanding developmental trajectories and factors that contribute to ethnic identity development allows for clinicians to work with ethnic minority individuals in ways that are empowering and facilitate success. The current study utilizes Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) to examine longitudinal growth trajectories of ethnic identity among multiracial and monoracial groups (White, Black, Latino/a, and Other [includes Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, and Other]). HLM was also used to examine the relationships between social factors (i.e., experiences of discrimination, teasing by peers, and bullying) and school contextual factors (i.e., school climate, school safety, and perception of teachers) factors in the development of ethnic identity over time. The present study drew from an ethnically diverse sample of individuals living in the Pacific Northwest who were assessed each year from grade 6 to 9 and once during emerging adulthood (N = 593). Results indicated small linear increases of ethnic identity over time. In general, ethnic identity increased from Grades 6 through 8, decreased from Grade 8 to 9, and increased again from Grade 9 to emerging adulthood. Multiracials’ ethnic identity growth, however, did not differ from the identity growth of individuals within monoracial groups. Negative peer interactions significantly contributed to decreases in ethnic identity scores for individuals from Grade 8 to 9. School context did not significantly contribute to changes in ethnic identity growth. Findings suggest that individuals’ ethnic identity changes over time, and is significantly impacted by peer interactions.

This thesis investigates the dialectical nature of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) phenomenon a common buzzword in today’s globalized economy. The emergence of CSR as a significant issue in recent years can be attributed to the expectation in developed countries for business to engage with society beyond their commercial interests. Business are now under sustained pressure to be held publicly accountable for their activities. The research shed light on two research gaps identified within business ethics- idea of business responsibility firstly in the context of the big economic players of tomorrow- emerging markets; and secondly in relation to small and medium enterprises. Adopting a phenomenological approach based on Critical Theory and Hermeneutics framework, the research attempted to uncover the link between business and ethics in relation to SMEs. This led to the construction of a theoretical model –A.R.T Model, aimed at enhancing understanding of how SMEs perceive and practice socially responsible behaviour. Contribution to knowledge was also made in applying Bourdieu’s Theory of Logic of Practice to explain actions of SME owner-managers; and carrying out a comparative analysis of Social Capital theory versus normative Stakeholder Theory to describe workings of SMEs towards their stakeholders. These contributions met the objectives of the study: creation of a ‘native’ model of social responsibility for SMEs in Pakistan (reflective of the local social reality) using a business ethics and cultural construction; and exploring the nature and evolution of CSR in emerging markets. The research also revealed that socially responsible practices by SMEs are inherently informal and voluntary in nature, driven more so by ethical than religious motivations. Furthermore, philosophical synergies were created between the A.R.T model and the normative construct consisting of Classical antiquities - Kant, Adam Smith and Machiavelli, which bridged the gap between theory and CSR driven practice.

This thesis explores the mechanics of governance within several layers of participating firms in the global value chain of the automotive industry, and how new forms of governance shape the development of the Brazilian and Chinese automotive industry. In particular, it examines how the local supply firms from Brazil and China can integrate and upgrade in the globalized automotive industry. By using the global value chain (GVC) framework, the changing inter-firm dynamics between buyer and supplier are analyzed, and their impact on the indigenous supply firms from Brazil and China examined. The results highlight the role of product architecture in defining the value chain governance approach. Through the evolution of product architecture, the lead-firms can globalize their approaches to procurement and supply chain management. Moreover, the globally harmonized products allow the lead-firm to effectively restructure the global supply base to establish a globally harmonized components supply industry by internationalizing the most capable supply firms. Oligopolies along the entire GVC are consciously created by the lead firm. The dynamics of competition between supply firms are changing, as the market for integral components with high asset-specificity are merging into one global market with oligopolistic and oligopsonistic features. While some supply firms from the emerging markets have been able to utilize their business ties with western assembly firms to upgrade within the GVC, most are under pressure to be squeezed out of the GVC through increased global competition. The thesis contributes to the field of development studies by analyzing the prospects for emerging market firms to participate and upgrade in the GVC of western lead-firms. Furthermore, it contributes to the economic theory of governance by presenting evidence of forms of influence outside the realm of supplier-buyer contracts. The thesis further extends the global value chain framework by introduction a fine-tuned approach to ‘power’ as a determinant of governance.