This thesis focuses on women's competition in female basketball players and their hormonal responses to winning and losing. We tested saliva samples of 29 female players for testosterone and cortisol which were collected in three phases: baseline samples, pregame samples and after game samples. In every collection phase we also inquired about the emotional state of mind of the respondents. Players completed a survey examining their subjective evaluation of the match result. We also used statistical data from every match, which provided an objective evidence on the players' usefulness. All the aforementioned variables were examined in relation to the testosterone and cortisol levels. The results have revealed that the cortisol levels are responsive to the match results, whereas the losing players display a significant rise of the stress hormone level after the match. The winners display only a slight increase in the cortisol levels. Testosterone levels did not prove to react to the match results. However, it was discovered that the winners exhibited higher levels of testosterone in all collection phases than their competitors. Nevertheless, the difference between the winners and the losers was not significant in any of the cases. The winners felt more positive after the match than the losers. The correlation...

<p>Visitors’ expectations of museums in the modern world consist of both utilitarian and hedonic aspects. Given visitors’ diverse expectations and demands, traditional museums have taken actions to attract more visitors. Taking advantage of new technologies is the current action and trend in the museum industry. The emergence of digital museums is the reflection of this tendency, which use digital technologies such as projectors, surrounded sound, ambient lights, and multisensory cues to present a virtual environment. In the virtual environment, emotional state and sense of presence are considered to be useful to provide a more engaging experience. Therefore, this research empirically investigated digital museum visitor experience perceptions and the influence of emotional state and sense of presence on experience perceptions. The different impact of multisensory cues on experience and the relative mediation effect were also examined.</p> <p>Data were collected with a scenario-based online survey conducted through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). A split-sample approach with a total of 382 respondents was used for analysis. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to explore visitor experience perceptions of the digital museum. Structural equation modeling was used to discover the impact of emotional state and sense of presence. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the difference in impact of multisensory cues on overall visitor experience. This research also employed the PROCESS macro in SPSS for demonstrating the mediating effect of emotional state and sense of presence through the impact of multisensory cues on overall visitor experience. The findings of this study revealed three experience perceptions—respectively, joviality, personal escapism, and localness experiences—of digital museums. Also, this research presented the positive effect of emotional state on joviality experience and negative effect of emotional state on localness experience. In addition, a notable positive impact of sense of presence on joviality, personal escapism, and localness experience perceptions was found. No significant effect of emotional state on personal escapism was found in this research. Moreover, visual and auditory cues together were confirmed as the most powerful indicator for triggering the greatest experience level. The impact was found to be valid due to the mediating role of emotional state and sense of presence.</p> <p>This research contributed theoretically and practically to museum literature and experience research. Theoretical implications were discussed to indicate this research as the framework to measure digital museum visitor experience based on the proposed three-factor structure. Practical implications were provided for museum managers. Limitations and future research were discussed.</p>

The mental-health consequences of childlessness have been well documented and the perception is that women are more likely than men to experience lower mental well-being, including emotional distress, as a result of childlessness; despite the fact that very few studies have focused on the implications for men. Thus, employing OLS multiple regression we seek to examine: (1) the association between childlessness and emotional distress and whether the risk was greater among men or women. (2) Whether there is significant variation in emotional distress among childless individuals after controlling for socio-demographic factors. The data was derived from the Estonian Health Interview Survey, collected in 2006 and 2007. The survey was a multi-stage random sample of the Estonian Population aged 15-85. Under study was men and women aged 40 and above (N=4294).The outcome variable- emotional distress is based on the emotional state questionnaire (EST-Q), a self-rated health measure. The simple regression and multivariate OLS regressions indicated higher predicted levels of emotional distress symptoms for childless men when compared to childless women. In comparison, the interactions revealed more distress among childless women. Overall, the results garnered indicate that educational attainment and personal income ameliorates the negative mental health consequences of childlessness. However, the degree and manner in which childlessness matter differ by gender, ethnicity and relationship status, but was inconclusive for age. An unexpected finding from the interaction models was the high level of distress among women that were parents. In general, the outcomes point to other reasons for the higher levels of distress among women. The mental-health consequences of childlessness have been well documented and the perception is that women are more likely than men to experience lower mental well-being, including emotional distress, as a result of childlessness; despite the fact that very few studies have focused on the implications for men. Thus, employing OLS multiple regression we seek to examine: (1) the association between childlessness and emotional distress and whether the risk was greater among men or women. (2) Whether there is significant variation in emotional distress among childless individuals after controlling for socio-demographic factors. The data was derived from the Estonian Health Interview Survey, collected in 2006 and 2007. The survey was a multi-stage random sample of the Estonian Population aged 15-85. Under study was men and women aged 40 and above (N=4294).The outcome variable- emotional distress is based on the emotional state questionnaire (EST-Q), a self-rated health measure. The simple regression and multivariate OLS regressions indicated higher predicted levels of emotional distress symptoms for childless men when compared to childless women. In comparison, the interactions revealed more distress among childless women. Overall, the results garnered indicate that educational attainment and personal income ameliorates the negative mental health consequences of childlessness. However, the degree and manner in which childlessness matter differ by gender, ethnicity and relationship status, but was inconclusive for age. An unexpected finding from the interaction models was the high level of distress among women that were parents. In general, the outcomes point to other reasons for the higher levels of distress among women.

Šiame darbe ištirta sergančiųjų 2-ojo tipo cukriniu diabetu gyvenimo kokybė ir emocinė būsena, atsižvelgiant į ligonio (lytis, amžius, kūno masės indeksas, išsilavinimas, socialinė grupė, šeiminė padėtis, žalingi įpročiai (rūkymas) ir ligos (cukrinio diabeto trukmė, komplikacijos, gydymo būdas, hipertenzija, mitybos įpročių ir fizinio aktyvumo pokyčiai nustačius cukrinį diabetą) veiksnius. Įvertintas gyvenimo kokybės ryšys su ligonio ir su ligos veiksniais. Išanalizuoti depresijos ir nerimo ryšiai su ligonio (lytis, amžius, kūno masės indeksas, išsilavinimas, socialinė grupė, šeiminė padėtis, žalingi įpročiai (rūkymas) ir su ligos veiksniais (cukrinio diabeto trukmė, komplikacijos, gydymo būdas, hipertenzija, mitybos įpročių ir fizinio aktyvumo pokyčiai nustačius cukrinį diabetą). / Quality of the life and emotional state of patients with type 2 diabetes depending on the factors of the patient (gender, body mass index, education, social group, marital status and harmful habits (smoking) and on the factors of the disease (duration of the diabetes, complications, treatment method, hypertension, changes of nutritional habits and physical activity after determination of DM) was analyzed. Also relation between quality of the life and factors of the patient (gender, body mass index, education, social group, marital status and harmful habits (smoking) and the factors of the disease (duration of the diabetes, complications, treatment method, hypertension, changes of nutritional habits and physical activity after determination of DM) was evaluated. Relation between depression, anxiety and factors of the patient (gender, body mass index, education, social group, marital status and harmful habits (smoking) and factors of the disease (duration of the diabetes, complications, treatment method, hypertension, changes of nutritional habits and physical activity after determination of DM) was analyzed.

Quality of the life and emotional state of patients with type 2 diabetes depending on the factors of the patient (gender, body mass index, education, social group, marital status and harmful habits (smoking) and on the factors of the disease (duration of the diabetes, complications, treatment method, hypertension, changes of nutritional habits and physical activity after determination of DM) was analyzed. Also relation between quality of the life and factors of the patient (gender, body mass index, education, social group, marital status and harmful habits (smoking) and the factors of the disease (duration of the diabetes, complications, treatment method, hypertension, changes of nutritional habits and physical activity after determination of DM) was evaluated. Relation between depression, anxiety and factors of the patient (gender, body mass index, education, social group, marital status and harmful habits (smoking) and factors of the disease (duration of the diabetes, complications, treatment method, hypertension, changes of nutritional habits and physical activity after determination of DM) was analyzed. / Šiame darbe ištirta sergančiųjų 2-ojo tipo cukriniu diabetu gyvenimo kokybė ir emocinė būsena, atsižvelgiant į ligonio (lytis, amžius, kūno masės indeksas, išsilavinimas, socialinė grupė, šeiminė padėtis, žalingi įpročiai (rūkymas) ir ligos (cukrinio diabeto trukmė, komplikacijos, gydymo būdas, hipertenzija, mitybos įpročių ir fizinio aktyvumo pokyčiai nustačius cukrinį diabetą) veiksnius. Įvertintas gyvenimo kokybės ryšys su ligonio ir su ligos veiksniais. Išanalizuoti depresijos ir nerimo ryšiai su ligonio (lytis, amžius, kūno masės indeksas, išsilavinimas, socialinė grupė, šeiminė padėtis, žalingi įpročiai (rūkymas) ir su ligos veiksniais (cukrinio diabeto trukmė, komplikacijos, gydymo būdas, hipertenzija, mitybos įpročių ir fizinio aktyvumo pokyčiai nustačius cukrinį diabetą).

Darbo objektas – jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybinė emocinė būsena. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Darbo uždaviniai: Nustatyti ir įvertinti didesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Nustatyti ir įvertinti mažesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Palyginti skirtingo meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Išvados: Prieš varžybas didesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų savijautos ir nuotaikos lygis buvo aukštas, o aktyvumas buvo vidutinio ir aukšto lygio. Didesnio meistriškumo boksininkams buvo būdingas vidutinis ir didelis situacinio nerimo lygis, vidutinis ir padidėjęs asmenybės nerimo lygis, žemas ir vidutinis kognityvusis nerimas, vidutinis somatinis nerimas bei vidutinis ir aukštas pasitikėjimas savimi. Mažesnio meistriškumo boksininkams prieš varžybas buvo būdingas vidutinis ir aukštas savijautos, aktyvumo ir nuotaikos lygis. Asmenybės nerimas buvo mažesnis negu situacinis nerimas, o somatinis negu kognityvusis nerimas. Būdingiausias mažesnio meistriškumo boksininkams buvo didelis situacinio nerimo lygis, padidėjęs asmenybės nerimo lygis, žemas ir vidutinis kognityviojo ir somatinio nerimo lygis, vidutinis pasitikėjimas savimi. Nustatyta, kad aukštesnio lygio savijauta ir nuotaika buvo būdinga didesnio meistriškumo jauniesiems boksininkams negu mažesnio meistriškumo (p < 0,05). Didesnio ir mažesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the work – the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers. Aim of the work – to determine the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers. Objectives: To determine and evaluate the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers of higher sporting excellence. To determine and evaluate the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers of lower sporting excellence. To compare the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers of different sporting excellence. Conclusions: The level of well-being and mood of junior boxers of higher sporting excellence before the competition was high, and activity was of average and high level. The boxers of higher sporting excellence felt average and high level of situational anxiety, average and increased level of situational anxiety, average and increased personal anxiety, low and average level of cognitive anxiety, average somatic anxiety and average and high self-confidence. The boxers of lower sporting excellence felt average and high level of well-being, activity and mood before the competition. Personal anxiety was lower than situational anxiety and somatic anxiety was lower than cognitive anxiety. The most characteristic to lower sporting excellence boxers was high level of situational anxiety, increased level of personal anxiety, low and average level of cognitive and somatic anxiety, average self-confidence. It was determined that higher level of well-being and mood was more characteristic to junior boxers of... [to full text]

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From the last decade, studies on human facial emotion recognition revealed that computing models based on regression modelling can produce applicable performance. In this study, an automatic facial expression real-time system was built and tested. The method is used in this study has been used widely in different areas such as Local Binary Pattern method, which has been used in many research projects in machine vision, and the K-Nearest Neighbour algorithm is method utilized for regression modelling. In this study, these two techniques has been used and implemented on the FPGA for the first time, on the side and joined together to great the model in such way to display a continues and automatic emotional state detection model on the monitor. To evaluate the effectiveness of the classifier technique for human emotion recognition from video, the model was designed and tested on MATLAB environment and then MATLAB Simulink environment that is capable of recognizing continuous facial expression in real time with a rate of 1 frame per second and implemented on a desktop PC. It has been evaluated in a testing dataset and the experimental results were promising with the accuracy of 51.28%. The datasets and labels used in this study are made from videos which, recorded twice from 5 participants while watching a video. In order to implement it in real-time in faster frame rate, the facial expression recognition system was built on FPGA. The model was built on Atlys™ Spartan-6 FPGA Development Board. It can perform continuously emotional state recognition in real time at a frame rate of 30 with the accuracy of 47.44%. A graphic user interface was designed to display the participant video in real time and also two dimensional predict labels of the emotion at the same time. This is the first time that automatic emotional state detection has been successfully implemented on FPGA by using LBP and K-NN techniques in such way to display a continues and automatic emotional state detection model on the monitor.

Cognitive bias can be used when determining emotional states in animals by assessing the animal’s perception of an ambiguous stimulus. In the concept of animal welfare, both physical health as well as mental health of animals are involved. Therefore, cognitive bias can be a valuable tool in order to measure the mental health of an animal. The aim of this paper is to summarize and discuss how cognitive bias tests have been used to assess emotional states in dogs. Cognitive bias tests in dogs have been used to evaluate the emotional state of a dog with behavioural problems. It has also been shown to be useful when studying the effect of enrichment in the form of natural behaviour, such as being allowed to use its olfactory sense to a greater extent. Additionally, the connection between personality and cognitive bias is discussed. Hence, assessing the emotional state of dogs can be valuable in a welfare perspective.

This bachelor thesis examines the Swedish consumer behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic and how negative emotional states impact the choice of grocery shopping.  The concept of consumer behavior and the impact of negative emotional states is a topic that gained interest during the last couple of years. However, it is still an underexplored subject. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop an understanding of how perceived negative emotional states impact consumer behaviour in the grocery shopping context. In the current situation during the Covid-19 pandemic, consumer behaviour has changed, and there has been an increase in online grocery shopping. The perceived negative emotional states are studied based on the threats that have arisen due to the Covid-19 pandemic, then related to the changed consumer behavior. Therefore, the research question was stated: How do negative emotional states impact the changing consumer behaviour in grocery shopping during Covid-19 in Sweden? Previous research was analysed, and the authors in this thesis formed six hypotheses. The empirical findings were obtained using a survey with a quantitative research approach. Two hundred eight respondents answered the survey, and the hypothesis was tested in the SPSS program, summarised in the empirical findings chapter.  The results from the research are discussed in the analysis and showed that the perceived negative emotional states are present for consumers during the ongoing Covid-19. However, it is not the imminent reason for the choice of shopping for groceries. Therefore, further research could use this bachelor thesis to identify the perceived negative emotional states such as loneliness, fear and anxiety as existing for consumers during the pandemic. However, this research could not connect it to the increase in online grocery shopping. Future research could investigate other factors changing consumer behaviour which is further discussed in the conclusion chapter.  Based on the findings from this research, theories must be adjusted. Or as the Covid-19 pandemic continues and the impact changes, research should be added. This research provides knowledge to companies about consumer behavior and the negative emotional states the consumer perceives.